changelog: fixups for 0.28.0-beta.2

Signed-off-by: Kristoffer Dalby <kristoffer@dalby.cc>

.claude/agents/headscale-integration-tester.md

@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ go test ./integration -timeout 45m
 **Timeout Guidelines by Test Type**:
 - **Basic functionality tests**: `--timeout=900s` (15 minutes minimum)
 - **Route/ACL tests**: `--timeout=1200s` (20 minutes)
-- **HA/failover tests**: `--timeout=1800s` (30 minutes)  
+- **HA/failover tests**: `--timeout=1800s` (30 minutes)
 - **Long-running tests**: `--timeout=2100s` (35 minutes)
 - **Full test suite**: `-timeout 45m` (45 minutes)
 
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ go run ./cmd/hi run "TestName" --timeout=60s
 - **Slow tests** (5+ min): Node expiration, HA failover
 - **Long-running tests** (10+ min): `TestNodeOnlineStatus` runs for 12 minutes
 
-**CRITICAL**: Only ONE test can run at a time due to Docker port conflicts and resource constraints.
+**CONCURRENT EXECUTION**: Multiple tests CAN run simultaneously. Each test run gets a unique Run ID for isolation. See "Concurrent Execution and Run ID Isolation" section below.
 
 ## Test Artifacts and Log Analysis
 
@@ -98,6 +98,97 @@ When tests fail, examine artifacts in this specific order:
 4. **Client status dumps** (`*_status.json`): Network state and peer connectivity information
 5. **Database snapshots** (`.db` files): For data consistency and state persistence issues
 
+## Concurrent Execution and Run ID Isolation
+
+### Overview
+
+The integration test system supports running multiple tests concurrently on the same Docker daemon. Each test run is isolated through a unique Run ID that ensures containers, networks, and cleanup operations don't interfere with each other.
+
+### Run ID Format and Usage
+
+Each test run generates a unique Run ID in the format: `YYYYMMDD-HHMMSS-{6-char-hash}`
+- Example: `20260109-104215-mdjtzx`
+
+The Run ID is used for:
+- **Container naming**: `ts-{runIDShort}-{version}-{hash}` (e.g., `ts-mdjtzx-1-74-fgdyls`)
+- **Docker labels**: All containers get `hi.run-id={runID}` label
+- **Log directories**: `control_logs/{runID}/`
+- **Cleanup isolation**: Only containers with matching run ID are cleaned up
+
+### Container Isolation Mechanisms
+
+1. **Unique Container Names**: Each container includes the run ID for identification
+2. **Docker Labels**: `hi.run-id` and `hi.test-type` labels on all containers
+3. **Dynamic Port Allocation**: All ports use `{HostPort: "0"}` to let kernel assign free ports
+4. **Per-Run Networks**: Network names include scenario hash for isolation
+5. **Isolated Cleanup**: `killTestContainersByRunID()` only removes containers matching the run ID
+
+### ⚠️ CRITICAL: Never Interfere with Other Test Runs
+
+**FORBIDDEN OPERATIONS** when other tests may be running:
+
+```bash
+# ❌ NEVER do global container cleanup while tests are running
+docker rm -f $(docker ps -q --filter "name=hs-")
+docker rm -f $(docker ps -q --filter "name=ts-")
+
+# ❌ NEVER kill all test containers
+# This will destroy other agents' test sessions!
+
+# ❌ NEVER prune all Docker resources during active tests
+docker system prune -f  # Only safe when NO tests are running
+```
+
+**SAFE OPERATIONS**:
+
+```bash
+# ✅ Clean up only YOUR test run's containers (by run ID)
+# The test runner does this automatically via cleanup functions
+
+# ✅ Clean stale (stopped/exited) containers only
+# Pre-test cleanup only removes stopped containers, not running ones
+
+# ✅ Check what's running before cleanup
+docker ps --filter "name=headscale-test-suite" --format "{{.Names}}"
+```
+
+### Running Concurrent Tests
+
+```bash
+# Start multiple tests in parallel - each gets unique run ID
+go run ./cmd/hi run "TestPingAllByIP" &
+go run ./cmd/hi run "TestACLAllowUserDst" &
+go run ./cmd/hi run "TestOIDCAuthenticationPingAll" &
+
+# Monitor running test suites
+docker ps --filter "name=headscale-test-suite" --format "table {{.Names}}\t{{.Status}}"
+```
+
+### Agent Session Isolation Rules
+
+When working as an agent:
+
+1. **Your run ID is unique**: Each test you start gets its own run ID
+2. **Never clean up globally**: Only use run ID-specific cleanup
+3. **Check before cleanup**: Verify no other tests are running if you need to prune resources
+4. **Respect other sessions**: Other agents may have tests running concurrently
+5. **Log directories are isolated**: Your artifacts are in `control_logs/{your-run-id}/`
+
+### Identifying Your Containers
+
+Your test containers can be identified by:
+- The run ID in the container name
+- The `hi.run-id` Docker label
+- The test suite container: `headscale-test-suite-{your-run-id}`
+
+```bash
+# List containers for a specific run ID
+docker ps --filter "label=hi.run-id=20260109-104215-mdjtzx"
+
+# Get your run ID from the test output
+# Look for: "Run ID: 20260109-104215-mdjtzx"
+```
+
 ## Common Failure Patterns and Root Cause Analysis
 
 ### CRITICAL MINDSET: Code Issues vs Infrastructure Issues
@@ -250,10 +341,10 @@ require.NotNil(t, targetNode, "should find expected node")
    - **Detection**: No progress in logs for >2 minutes during initialization
    - **Solution**: `docker system prune -f` and retry
 
-3. **Docker Port Conflicts**: Multiple tests trying to use same ports
-   - **Pattern**: "bind: address already in use" errors
-   - **Detection**: Port binding failures in Docker logs
-   - **Solution**: Only run ONE test at a time
+3. **Docker Resource Exhaustion**: Too many concurrent tests overwhelming system
+   - **Pattern**: Container creation timeouts, OOM kills, slow test execution
+   - **Detection**: System load high, Docker daemon slow to respond
+   - **Solution**: Reduce number of concurrent tests, wait for completion before starting more
 
 **CODE ISSUES (99% of failures)**:
 1. **Route Approval Process Failures**: Routes not getting approved when they should be
@@ -273,12 +364,22 @@ require.NotNil(t, targetNode, "should find expected node")
 
 ### Critical Test Environment Setup
 
-**Pre-Test Cleanup (MANDATORY)**:
+**Pre-Test Cleanup**:
+
+The test runner automatically handles cleanup:
+- **Before test**: Removes only stale (stopped/exited) containers - does NOT affect running tests
+- **After test**: Removes only containers belonging to the specific run ID
+
 ```bash
-# ALWAYS run this before each test
+# Only clean old log directories if disk space is low
 rm -rf control_logs/202507*
-docker system prune -f
 df -h  # Verify sufficient disk space
+
+# SAFE: Clean only stale/stopped containers (does not affect running tests)
+# The test runner does this automatically via cleanupStaleTestContainers()
+
+# ⚠️ DANGEROUS: Only use when NO tests are running
+docker system prune -f
 ```
 
 **Environment Verification**:
@@ -286,8 +387,8 @@ df -h  # Verify sufficient disk space
 # Verify system readiness
 go run ./cmd/hi doctor
 
-# Check for running containers that might conflict
-docker ps
+# Check what tests are currently running (ALWAYS check before global cleanup)
+docker ps --filter "name=headscale-test-suite" --format "{{.Names}}"
 ```
 
 ### Specific Test Categories and Known Issues
@@ -433,7 +534,7 @@ When you understand a test's purpose through debugging, always add comprehensive
 //
 // The test verifies:
 // - Route announcements are received and tracked
-// - ACL policies control route approval correctly  
+// - ACL policies control route approval correctly
 // - Only approved routes appear in peer network maps
 // - Route state persists correctly in the database
 func TestSubnetRoutes(t *testing.T) {
@@ -535,7 +636,7 @@ var nodeKey key.NodePublic
 assert.EventuallyWithT(t, func(c *assert.CollectT) {
     nodes, err := headscale.ListNodes()
     assert.NoError(c, err)
-    
+
     for _, node := range nodes {
         if node.GetName() == "router" {
             routeNode = node
@@ -550,7 +651,7 @@ assert.EventuallyWithT(t, func(c *assert.CollectT) {
 assert.EventuallyWithT(t, func(c *assert.CollectT) {
     status, err := client.Status()
     assert.NoError(c, err)
-    
+
     peerStatus, ok := status.Peer[nodeKey]
     assert.True(c, ok, "peer should exist in status")
     requirePeerSubnetRoutesWithCollect(c, peerStatus, expectedPrefixes)
@@ -566,7 +667,7 @@ assert.EventuallyWithT(t, func(c *assert.CollectT) {
     nodes, err := headscale.ListNodes()
     assert.NoError(c, err)
     assert.Len(c, nodes, 2)
-    
+
     // Second unrelated external call - WRONG!
     status, err := client.Status()
     assert.NoError(c, err)
@@ -577,7 +678,7 @@ assert.EventuallyWithT(t, func(c *assert.CollectT) {
 assert.EventuallyWithT(t, func(c *assert.CollectT) {
     nodes, err := headscale.ListNodes()
     assert.NoError(c, err)
-    
+
     // NEVER do this!
     assert.EventuallyWithT(t, func(c2 *assert.CollectT) {
         status, _ := client.Status()
@@ -666,11 +767,11 @@ When working within EventuallyWithT blocks where you need to prevent panics:
 assert.EventuallyWithT(t, func(c *assert.CollectT) {
     nodes, err := headscale.ListNodes()
     assert.NoError(c, err)
-    
+
     // For array bounds - use require with t to prevent panic
     assert.Len(c, nodes, 6)  // Test expectation
     require.GreaterOrEqual(t, len(nodes), 3, "need at least 3 nodes to avoid panic")
-    
+
     // For nil pointer access - use require with t before dereferencing
     assert.NotNil(c, srs1PeerStatus.PrimaryRoutes)  // Test expectation
     require.NotNil(t, srs1PeerStatus.PrimaryRoutes, "primary routes must be set to avoid panic")
@@ -681,7 +782,7 @@ assert.EventuallyWithT(t, func(c *assert.CollectT) {
 }, 5*time.Second, 200*time.Millisecond, "checking route state")
 ```
 
-**Key Principle**: 
+**Key Principle**:
 - Use `assert` with `c` (*assert.CollectT) for test expectations that can be retried
 - Use `require` with `t` (*testing.T) for MUST conditions that prevent panics
 - Within EventuallyWithT, both are available - choose based on whether failure would cause a panic
@@ -704,7 +805,7 @@ assert.EventuallyWithT(t, func(c *assert.CollectT) {
 assert.EventuallyWithT(t, func(c *assert.CollectT) {
     status, err := client.Status()
     assert.NoError(c, err)
-    
+
     // Check all peers have expected routes
     for _, peerKey := range status.Peers() {
         peerStatus := status.Peer[peerKey]
@@ -756,8 +857,14 @@ assert.EventuallyWithT(t, func(c *assert.CollectT) {
    - **Why security focus**: Integration tests are the last line of defense against security regressions
    - **EventuallyWithT Usage**: Proper use prevents race conditions without weakening security assertions
 
+6. **Concurrent Execution Awareness**: Respect run ID isolation and never interfere with other agents' test sessions. Each test run has a unique run ID - only clean up YOUR containers (by run ID label), never perform global cleanup while tests may be running.
+   - **Why this matters**: Multiple agents/users may run tests concurrently on the same Docker daemon
+   - **Key Rule**: NEVER use global container cleanup commands - the test runner handles cleanup automatically per run ID
+
 **CRITICAL PRINCIPLE**: Test expectations are sacred contracts that define correct system behavior. When tests fail, fix the code to match the test, never change the test to match broken code. Only timing and observability improvements are allowed - business logic expectations are immutable.
 
+**ISOLATION PRINCIPLE**: Each test run is isolated by its unique Run ID. Never interfere with other test sessions. The system handles cleanup automatically - manual global cleanup commands are forbidden when other tests may be running.
+
 **EventuallyWithT PRINCIPLE**: Every external call to headscale server or tailscale client must be wrapped in EventuallyWithT. Follow the five key rules strictly: one external call per block, proper variable scoping, no nesting, use CollectT for assertions, and provide descriptive messages.
 
 **Remember**: Test failures are usually code issues in Headscale that need to be fixed, not infrastructure problems to be ignored. Use the specific debugging workflows and failure patterns documented above to efficiently identify root causes. Infrastructure issues have very specific signatures - everything else is code-related.

.editorconfig

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+root = true
+
+[*]
+charset = utf-8
+end_of_line = lf
+indent_size = 2
+indent_style = space
+insert_final_newline = true
+trim_trailing_whitespace = true
+max_line_length = 120
+
+[*.go]
+indent_style = tab
+
+[Makefile]
+indent_style = tab

.github/workflows/build.yml

@@ -5,8 +5,6 @@ on:
     branches:
       - main
   pull_request:
-    branches:
-      - main
 
 concurrency:
   group: ${{ github.workflow }}-$${{ github.head_ref || github.run_id }}
@@ -17,7 +15,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     permissions: write-all
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
         with:
           fetch-depth: 2
       - name: Get changed files
@@ -31,13 +29,12 @@ jobs:
               - '**/*.go'
               - 'integration_test/'
               - 'config-example.yaml'
-      - uses: nixbuild/nix-quick-install-action@889f3180bb5f064ee9e3201428d04ae9e41d54ad # v31
+      - uses: nixbuild/nix-quick-install-action@2c9db80fb984ceb1bcaa77cdda3fdf8cfba92035 # v34
         if: steps.changed-files.outputs.files == 'true'
       - uses: nix-community/cache-nix-action@135667ec418502fa5a3598af6fb9eb733888ce6a # v6.1.3
         if: steps.changed-files.outputs.files == 'true'
         with:
-          primary-key:
-            nix-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-${{ hashFiles('**/*.nix',
+          primary-key: nix-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-${{ hashFiles('**/*.nix',
             '**/flake.lock') }}
           restore-prefixes-first-match: nix-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}
 
@@ -57,7 +54,7 @@ jobs:
           exit $BUILD_STATUS
 
       - name: Nix gosum diverging
-        uses: actions/github-script@60a0d83039c74a4aee543508d2ffcb1c3799cdea # v7.0.1
+        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8.0.0
         if: failure() && steps.build.outcome == 'failure'
         with:
           github-token: ${{secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN}}
@@ -69,7 +66,7 @@ jobs:
               body: 'Nix build failed with wrong gosum, please update "vendorSha256" (${{ steps.build.outputs.OLD_HASH }}) for the "headscale" package in flake.nix with the new SHA: ${{ steps.build.outputs.NEW_HASH }}'
             })
 
-      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@ea165f8d65b6e75b540449e92b4886f43607fa02 # v4.6.2
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@330a01c490aca151604b8cf639adc76d48f6c5d4 # v5.0.0
         if: steps.changed-files.outputs.files == 'true'
         with:
           name: headscale-linux
@@ -84,22 +81,20 @@ jobs:
           - "GOARCH=arm64 GOOS=darwin"
           - "GOARCH=amd64 GOOS=darwin"
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
-      - uses: nixbuild/nix-quick-install-action@889f3180bb5f064ee9e3201428d04ae9e41d54ad # v31
+      - uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
+      - uses: nixbuild/nix-quick-install-action@2c9db80fb984ceb1bcaa77cdda3fdf8cfba92035 # v34
       - uses: nix-community/cache-nix-action@135667ec418502fa5a3598af6fb9eb733888ce6a # v6.1.3
         with:
-          primary-key:
-            nix-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-${{ hashFiles('**/*.nix',
+          primary-key: nix-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-${{ hashFiles('**/*.nix',
             '**/flake.lock') }}
           restore-prefixes-first-match: nix-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}
 
       - name: Run go cross compile
         env:
           CGO_ENABLED: 0
-        run:
-          env ${{ matrix.env }} nix develop --command -- go build -o "headscale"
+        run: env ${{ matrix.env }} nix develop --command -- go build -o "headscale"
           ./cmd/headscale
-      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@ea165f8d65b6e75b540449e92b4886f43607fa02 # v4.6.2
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@330a01c490aca151604b8cf639adc76d48f6c5d4 # v5.0.0
         with:
           name: "headscale-${{ matrix.env }}"
           path: "headscale"

.github/workflows/check-generated.yml

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ jobs:
   check-generated:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
         with:
           fetch-depth: 2
       - name: Get changed files
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ jobs:
               - '**/*.proto'
               - 'buf.gen.yaml'
               - 'tools/**'
-      - uses: nixbuild/nix-quick-install-action@889f3180bb5f064ee9e3201428d04ae9e41d54ad # v31
+      - uses: nixbuild/nix-quick-install-action@2c9db80fb984ceb1bcaa77cdda3fdf8cfba92035 # v34
         if: steps.changed-files.outputs.files == 'true'
       - uses: nix-community/cache-nix-action@135667ec418502fa5a3598af6fb9eb733888ce6a # v6.1.3
         if: steps.changed-files.outputs.files == 'true'

.github/workflows/check-tests.yaml

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ jobs:
   check-tests:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
         with:
           fetch-depth: 2
       - name: Get changed files
@@ -24,13 +24,12 @@ jobs:
               - '**/*.go'
               - 'integration_test/'
               - 'config-example.yaml'
-      - uses: nixbuild/nix-quick-install-action@889f3180bb5f064ee9e3201428d04ae9e41d54ad # v31
+      - uses: nixbuild/nix-quick-install-action@2c9db80fb984ceb1bcaa77cdda3fdf8cfba92035 # v34
         if: steps.changed-files.outputs.files == 'true'
       - uses: nix-community/cache-nix-action@135667ec418502fa5a3598af6fb9eb733888ce6a # v6.1.3
         if: steps.changed-files.outputs.files == 'true'
         with:
-          primary-key:
-            nix-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-${{ hashFiles('**/*.nix',
+          primary-key: nix-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-${{ hashFiles('**/*.nix',
             '**/flake.lock') }}
           restore-prefixes-first-match: nix-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}
 

.github/workflows/docs-deploy.yml

@@ -21,15 +21,15 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - name: Checkout repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
       - name: Install python
-        uses: actions/setup-python@a26af69be951a213d495a4c3e4e4022e16d87065 # v5.6.0
+        uses: actions/setup-python@83679a892e2d95755f2dac6acb0bfd1e9ac5d548 # v6.1.0
         with:
           python-version: 3.x
       - name: Setup cache
-        uses: actions/cache@5a3ec84eff668545956fd18022155c47e93e2684 # v4.2.3
+        uses: actions/cache@a7833574556fa59680c1b7cb190c1735db73ebf0 # v5.0.0
         with:
           key: ${{ github.ref }}
           path: .cache

.github/workflows/docs-test.yml

@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - name: Checkout repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
       - name: Install python
-        uses: actions/setup-python@a26af69be951a213d495a4c3e4e4022e16d87065 # v5.6.0
+        uses: actions/setup-python@83679a892e2d95755f2dac6acb0bfd1e9ac5d548 # v6.1.0
         with:
           python-version: 3.x
       - name: Setup cache
-        uses: actions/cache@5a3ec84eff668545956fd18022155c47e93e2684 # v4.2.3
+        uses: actions/cache@a7833574556fa59680c1b7cb190c1735db73ebf0 # v5.0.0
         with:
           key: ${{ github.ref }}
           path: .cache

.github/workflows/gh-action-integration-generator.go

@@ -10,6 +10,55 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 )
 
+// testsToSplit defines tests that should be split into multiple CI jobs.
+// Key is the test function name, value is a list of subtest prefixes.
+// Each prefix becomes a separate CI job as "TestName/prefix".
+//
+// Example: TestAutoApproveMultiNetwork has subtests like:
+//   - TestAutoApproveMultiNetwork/authkey-tag-advertiseduringup-false-pol-database
+//   - TestAutoApproveMultiNetwork/webauth-user-advertiseduringup-true-pol-file
+//
+// Splitting by approver type (tag, user, group) creates 6 CI jobs with 4 tests each:
+//   - TestAutoApproveMultiNetwork/authkey-tag.* (4 tests)
+//   - TestAutoApproveMultiNetwork/authkey-user.* (4 tests)
+//   - TestAutoApproveMultiNetwork/authkey-group.* (4 tests)
+//   - TestAutoApproveMultiNetwork/webauth-tag.* (4 tests)
+//   - TestAutoApproveMultiNetwork/webauth-user.* (4 tests)
+//   - TestAutoApproveMultiNetwork/webauth-group.* (4 tests)
+//
+// This reduces load per CI job (4 tests instead of 12) to avoid infrastructure
+// flakiness when running many sequential Docker-based integration tests.
+var testsToSplit = map[string][]string{
+	"TestAutoApproveMultiNetwork": {
+		"authkey-tag",
+		"authkey-user",
+		"authkey-group",
+		"webauth-tag",
+		"webauth-user",
+		"webauth-group",
+	},
+}
+
+// expandTests takes a list of test names and expands any that need splitting
+// into multiple subtest patterns.
+func expandTests(tests []string) []string {
+	var expanded []string
+	for _, test := range tests {
+		if prefixes, ok := testsToSplit[test]; ok {
+			// This test should be split into multiple jobs.
+			// We append ".*" to each prefix because the CI runner wraps patterns
+			// with ^...$ anchors. Without ".*", a pattern like "authkey$" wouldn't
+			// match "authkey-tag-advertiseduringup-false-pol-database".
+			for _, prefix := range prefixes {
+				expanded = append(expanded, fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s.*", test, prefix))
+			}
+		} else {
+			expanded = append(expanded, test)
+		}
+	}
+	return expanded
+}
+
 func findTests() []string {
 	rgBin, err := exec.LookPath("rg")
 	if err != nil {
@@ -66,8 +115,11 @@ func updateYAML(tests []string, jobName string, testPath string) {
 func main() {
 	tests := findTests()
 
-	quotedTests := make([]string, len(tests))
-	for i, test := range tests {
+	// Expand tests that should be split into multiple jobs
+	expandedTests := expandTests(tests)
+
+	quotedTests := make([]string, len(expandedTests))
+	for i, test := range expandedTests {
 		quotedTests[i] = fmt.Sprintf("\"%s\"", test)
 	}
 

.github/workflows/gh-actions-updater.yaml

@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
 
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
         with:
           # [Required] Access token with `workflow` scope.
           token: ${{ secrets.WORKFLOW_SECRET }}
 
       - name: Run GitHub Actions Version Updater
-        uses: saadmk11/github-actions-version-updater@64be81ba69383f81f2be476703ea6570c4c8686e # v0.8.1
+        uses: saadmk11/github-actions-version-updater@d8781caf11d11168579c8e5e94f62b068038f442 # v0.9.0
         with:
           # [Required] Access token with `workflow` scope.
           token: ${{ secrets.WORKFLOW_SECRET }}

.github/workflows/integration-test-template.yml

@@ -28,23 +28,12 @@ jobs:
       # that triggered the build.
       HAS_TAILSCALE_SECRET: ${{ secrets.TS_OAUTH_CLIENT_ID }}
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
         with:
           fetch-depth: 2
-      - name: Get changed files
-        id: changed-files
-        uses: dorny/paths-filter@de90cc6fb38fc0963ad72b210f1f284cd68cea36 # v3.0.2
-        with:
-          filters: |
-            files:
-              - '*.nix'
-              - 'go.*'
-              - '**/*.go'
-              - 'integration_test/'
-              - 'config-example.yaml'
       - name: Tailscale
         if: ${{ env.HAS_TAILSCALE_SECRET }}
-        uses: tailscale/github-action@6986d2c82a91fbac2949fe01f5bab95cf21b5102 # v3.2.2
+        uses: tailscale/github-action@a392da0a182bba0e9613b6243ebd69529b1878aa # v4.1.0
         with:
           oauth-client-id: ${{ secrets.TS_OAUTH_CLIENT_ID }}
           oauth-secret: ${{ secrets.TS_OAUTH_SECRET }}
@@ -52,31 +41,72 @@ jobs:
       - name: Setup SSH server for Actor
         if: ${{ env.HAS_TAILSCALE_SECRET }}
         uses: alexellis/setup-sshd-actor@master
-      - uses: nixbuild/nix-quick-install-action@889f3180bb5f064ee9e3201428d04ae9e41d54ad # v31
-        if: steps.changed-files.outputs.files == 'true'
-      - uses: nix-community/cache-nix-action@135667ec418502fa5a3598af6fb9eb733888ce6a # v6.1.3
-        if: steps.changed-files.outputs.files == 'true'
+      - name: Download headscale image
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@018cc2cf5baa6db3ef3c5f8a56943fffe632ef53 # v6.0.0
         with:
-          primary-key:
-            nix-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-${{ hashFiles('**/*.nix',
-            '**/flake.lock') }}
-          restore-prefixes-first-match: nix-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}
+          name: headscale-image
+          path: /tmp/artifacts
+      - name: Download tailscale HEAD image
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@018cc2cf5baa6db3ef3c5f8a56943fffe632ef53 # v6.0.0
+        with:
+          name: tailscale-head-image
+          path: /tmp/artifacts
+      - name: Download hi binary
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@018cc2cf5baa6db3ef3c5f8a56943fffe632ef53 # v6.0.0
+        with:
+          name: hi-binary
+          path: /tmp/artifacts
+      - name: Download Go cache
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@018cc2cf5baa6db3ef3c5f8a56943fffe632ef53 # v6.0.0
+        with:
+          name: go-cache
+          path: /tmp/artifacts
+      - name: Download postgres image
+        if: ${{ inputs.postgres_flag == '--postgres=1' }}
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@018cc2cf5baa6db3ef3c5f8a56943fffe632ef53 # v6.0.0
+        with:
+          name: postgres-image
+          path: /tmp/artifacts
+      - name: Load Docker images, Go cache, and prepare binary
+        run: |
+          gunzip -c /tmp/artifacts/headscale-image.tar.gz | docker load
+          gunzip -c /tmp/artifacts/tailscale-head-image.tar.gz | docker load
+          if [ -f /tmp/artifacts/postgres-image.tar.gz ]; then
+            gunzip -c /tmp/artifacts/postgres-image.tar.gz | docker load
+          fi
+          chmod +x /tmp/artifacts/hi
+          docker images
+          # Extract Go cache to host directories for bind mounting
+          mkdir -p /tmp/go-cache
+          tar -xzf /tmp/artifacts/go-cache.tar.gz -C /tmp/go-cache
+          ls -la /tmp/go-cache/ /tmp/go-cache/.cache/
       - name: Run Integration Test
-        if: always() && steps.changed-files.outputs.files == 'true'
-        run:
-          nix develop --command -- hi run --stats --ts-memory-limit=300 --hs-memory-limit=1500 "^${{ inputs.test }}$" \
+        env:
+          HEADSCALE_INTEGRATION_HEADSCALE_IMAGE: headscale:${{ github.sha }}
+          HEADSCALE_INTEGRATION_TAILSCALE_IMAGE: tailscale-head:${{ github.sha }}
+          HEADSCALE_INTEGRATION_POSTGRES_IMAGE: ${{ inputs.postgres_flag == '--postgres=1' && format('postgres:{0}', github.sha) || '' }}
+          HEADSCALE_INTEGRATION_GO_CACHE: /tmp/go-cache/go
+          HEADSCALE_INTEGRATION_GO_BUILD_CACHE: /tmp/go-cache/.cache/go-build
+        run: /tmp/artifacts/hi run --stats --ts-memory-limit=300 --hs-memory-limit=1500 "^${{ inputs.test }}$" \
           --timeout=120m \
           ${{ inputs.postgres_flag }}
-      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@ea165f8d65b6e75b540449e92b4886f43607fa02 # v4.6.2
-        if: always() && steps.changed-files.outputs.files == 'true'
+      # Sanitize test name for artifact upload (replace invalid characters: " : < > | * ? \ / with -)
+      - name: Sanitize test name for artifacts
+        if: always()
+        id: sanitize
+        run: echo "name=${TEST_NAME//[\":<>|*?\\\/]/-}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+        env:
+          TEST_NAME: ${{ inputs.test }}
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@330a01c490aca151604b8cf639adc76d48f6c5d4 # v5.0.0
+        if: always()
         with:
-          name: ${{ inputs.database_name }}-${{ inputs.test }}-logs
+          name: ${{ inputs.database_name }}-${{ steps.sanitize.outputs.name }}-logs
           path: "control_logs/*/*.log"
-      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@ea165f8d65b6e75b540449e92b4886f43607fa02 # v4.6.2
-        if: always() && steps.changed-files.outputs.files == 'true'
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@330a01c490aca151604b8cf639adc76d48f6c5d4 # v5.0.0
+        if: always()
         with:
-          name: ${{ inputs.database_name }}-${{ inputs.test }}-archives
-          path: "control_logs/*/*.tar"
+          name: ${{ inputs.database_name }}-${{ steps.sanitize.outputs.name }}-artifacts
+          path: control_logs/
       - name: Setup a blocking tmux session
         if: ${{ env.HAS_TAILSCALE_SECRET }}
         uses: alexellis/block-with-tmux-action@master

.github/workflows/lint.yml

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ jobs:
   golangci-lint:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
         with:
           fetch-depth: 2
       - name: Get changed files
@@ -24,13 +24,12 @@ jobs:
               - '**/*.go'
               - 'integration_test/'
               - 'config-example.yaml'
-      - uses: nixbuild/nix-quick-install-action@889f3180bb5f064ee9e3201428d04ae9e41d54ad # v31
+      - uses: nixbuild/nix-quick-install-action@2c9db80fb984ceb1bcaa77cdda3fdf8cfba92035 # v34
         if: steps.changed-files.outputs.files == 'true'
       - uses: nix-community/cache-nix-action@135667ec418502fa5a3598af6fb9eb733888ce6a # v6.1.3
         if: steps.changed-files.outputs.files == 'true'
         with:
-          primary-key:
-            nix-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-${{ hashFiles('**/*.nix',
+          primary-key: nix-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-${{ hashFiles('**/*.nix',
             '**/flake.lock') }}
           restore-prefixes-first-match: nix-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}
 
@@ -46,7 +45,7 @@ jobs:
   prettier-lint:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
         with:
           fetch-depth: 2
       - name: Get changed files
@@ -65,13 +64,12 @@ jobs:
               - '**/*.css'
               - '**/*.scss'
               - '**/*.html'
-      - uses: nixbuild/nix-quick-install-action@889f3180bb5f064ee9e3201428d04ae9e41d54ad # v31
+      - uses: nixbuild/nix-quick-install-action@2c9db80fb984ceb1bcaa77cdda3fdf8cfba92035 # v34
         if: steps.changed-files.outputs.files == 'true'
       - uses: nix-community/cache-nix-action@135667ec418502fa5a3598af6fb9eb733888ce6a # v6.1.3
         if: steps.changed-files.outputs.files == 'true'
         with:
-          primary-key:
-            nix-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-${{ hashFiles('**/*.nix',
+          primary-key: nix-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-${{ hashFiles('**/*.nix',
             '**/flake.lock') }}
           restore-prefixes-first-match: nix-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}
 
@@ -83,12 +81,11 @@ jobs:
   proto-lint:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
-      - uses: nixbuild/nix-quick-install-action@889f3180bb5f064ee9e3201428d04ae9e41d54ad # v31
+      - uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
+      - uses: nixbuild/nix-quick-install-action@2c9db80fb984ceb1bcaa77cdda3fdf8cfba92035 # v34
       - uses: nix-community/cache-nix-action@135667ec418502fa5a3598af6fb9eb733888ce6a # v6.1.3
         with:
-          primary-key:
-            nix-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-${{ hashFiles('**/*.nix',
+          primary-key: nix-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-${{ hashFiles('**/*.nix',
             '**/flake.lock') }}
           restore-prefixes-first-match: nix-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}
 

.github/workflows/nix-module-test.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+name: NixOS Module Tests
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - main
+  pull_request:
+    branches:
+      - main
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-$${{ github.head_ref || github.run_id }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
+jobs:
+  nix-module-check:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 2
+
+      - name: Get changed files
+        id: changed-files
+        uses: dorny/paths-filter@de90cc6fb38fc0963ad72b210f1f284cd68cea36 # v3.0.2
+        with:
+          filters: |
+            nix:
+              - 'nix/**'
+              - 'flake.nix'
+              - 'flake.lock'
+            go:
+              - 'go.*'
+              - '**/*.go'
+              - 'cmd/**'
+              - 'hscontrol/**'
+
+      - uses: nixbuild/nix-quick-install-action@2c9db80fb984ceb1bcaa77cdda3fdf8cfba92035 # v34
+        if: steps.changed-files.outputs.nix == 'true' || steps.changed-files.outputs.go == 'true'
+
+      - uses: nix-community/cache-nix-action@135667ec418502fa5a3598af6fb9eb733888ce6a # v6.1.3
+        if: steps.changed-files.outputs.nix == 'true' || steps.changed-files.outputs.go == 'true'
+        with:
+          primary-key: nix-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-${{ hashFiles('**/*.nix',
+            '**/flake.lock') }}
+          restore-prefixes-first-match: nix-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}
+
+      - name: Run NixOS module tests
+        if: steps.changed-files.outputs.nix == 'true' || steps.changed-files.outputs.go == 'true'
+        run: |
+          echo "Running NixOS module integration test..."
+          nix build .#checks.x86_64-linux.headscale -L

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -13,28 +13,27 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
 
       - name: Login to DockerHub
-        uses: docker/login-action@74a5d142397b4f367a81961eba4e8cd7edddf772 # v3.4.0
+        uses: docker/login-action@5e57cd118135c172c3672efd75eb46360885c0ef # v3.6.0
         with:
           username: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}
           password: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_TOKEN }}
 
       - name: Login to GHCR
-        uses: docker/login-action@74a5d142397b4f367a81961eba4e8cd7edddf772 # v3.4.0
+        uses: docker/login-action@5e57cd118135c172c3672efd75eb46360885c0ef # v3.6.0
         with:
           registry: ghcr.io
           username: ${{ github.repository_owner }}
           password: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
 
-      - uses: nixbuild/nix-quick-install-action@889f3180bb5f064ee9e3201428d04ae9e41d54ad # v31
+      - uses: nixbuild/nix-quick-install-action@2c9db80fb984ceb1bcaa77cdda3fdf8cfba92035 # v34
       - uses: nix-community/cache-nix-action@135667ec418502fa5a3598af6fb9eb733888ce6a # v6.1.3
         with:
-          primary-key:
-            nix-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-${{ hashFiles('**/*.nix',
+          primary-key: nix-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-${{ hashFiles('**/*.nix',
             '**/flake.lock') }}
           restore-prefixes-first-match: nix-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}
 

.github/workflows/stale.yml

@@ -12,16 +12,14 @@ jobs:
       issues: write
       pull-requests: write
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/stale@5bef64f19d7facfb25b37b414482c7164d639639 # v9.1.0
+      - uses: actions/stale@997185467fa4f803885201cee163a9f38240193d # v10.1.1
         with:
           days-before-issue-stale: 90
           days-before-issue-close: 7
           stale-issue-label: "stale"
-          stale-issue-message:
-            "This issue is stale because it has been open for 90 days with no
+          stale-issue-message: "This issue is stale because it has been open for 90 days with no
             activity."
-          close-issue-message:
-            "This issue was closed because it has been inactive for 14 days
+          close-issue-message: "This issue was closed because it has been inactive for 14 days
             since being marked as stale."
           days-before-pr-stale: -1
           days-before-pr-close: -1

.github/workflows/test-integration.yaml

@@ -7,7 +7,117 @@ concurrency:
   group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.head_ref || github.run_id }}
   cancel-in-progress: true
 jobs:
+  # build: Builds binaries and Docker images once, uploads as artifacts for reuse.
+  # build-postgres: Pulls postgres image separately to avoid Docker Hub rate limits.
+  # sqlite: Runs all integration tests with SQLite backend.
+  # postgres: Runs a subset of tests with PostgreSQL to verify database compatibility.
+  build:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      files-changed: ${{ steps.changed-files.outputs.files }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 2
+      - name: Get changed files
+        id: changed-files
+        uses: dorny/paths-filter@de90cc6fb38fc0963ad72b210f1f284cd68cea36 # v3.0.2
+        with:
+          filters: |
+            files:
+              - '*.nix'
+              - 'go.*'
+              - '**/*.go'
+              - 'integration/**'
+              - 'config-example.yaml'
+              - '.github/workflows/test-integration.yaml'
+              - '.github/workflows/integration-test-template.yml'
+              - 'Dockerfile.*'
+      - uses: nixbuild/nix-quick-install-action@2c9db80fb984ceb1bcaa77cdda3fdf8cfba92035 # v34
+        if: steps.changed-files.outputs.files == 'true'
+      - uses: nix-community/cache-nix-action@135667ec418502fa5a3598af6fb9eb733888ce6a # v6.1.3
+        if: steps.changed-files.outputs.files == 'true'
+        with:
+          primary-key: nix-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-${{ hashFiles('**/*.nix', '**/flake.lock') }}
+          restore-prefixes-first-match: nix-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}
+      - name: Build binaries and warm Go cache
+        if: steps.changed-files.outputs.files == 'true'
+        run: |
+          # Build all Go binaries in one nix shell to maximize cache reuse
+          nix develop --command -- bash -c '
+            go build -o hi ./cmd/hi
+            CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=linux go build -o headscale ./cmd/headscale
+            # Build integration test binary to warm the cache with all dependencies
+            go test -c ./integration -o /dev/null 2>/dev/null || true
+          '
+      - name: Upload hi binary
+        if: steps.changed-files.outputs.files == 'true'
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@330a01c490aca151604b8cf639adc76d48f6c5d4 # v5.0.0
+        with:
+          name: hi-binary
+          path: hi
+          retention-days: 10
+      - name: Package Go cache
+        if: steps.changed-files.outputs.files == 'true'
+        run: |
+          # Package Go module cache and build cache
+          tar -czf go-cache.tar.gz -C ~ go .cache/go-build
+      - name: Upload Go cache
+        if: steps.changed-files.outputs.files == 'true'
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@330a01c490aca151604b8cf639adc76d48f6c5d4 # v5.0.0
+        with:
+          name: go-cache
+          path: go-cache.tar.gz
+          retention-days: 10
+      - name: Build headscale image
+        if: steps.changed-files.outputs.files == 'true'
+        run: |
+          docker build \
+            --file Dockerfile.integration-ci \
+            --tag headscale:${{ github.sha }} \
+            .
+          docker save headscale:${{ github.sha }} | gzip > headscale-image.tar.gz
+      - name: Build tailscale HEAD image
+        if: steps.changed-files.outputs.files == 'true'
+        run: |
+          docker build \
+            --file Dockerfile.tailscale-HEAD \
+            --tag tailscale-head:${{ github.sha }} \
+            .
+          docker save tailscale-head:${{ github.sha }} | gzip > tailscale-head-image.tar.gz
+      - name: Upload headscale image
+        if: steps.changed-files.outputs.files == 'true'
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@330a01c490aca151604b8cf639adc76d48f6c5d4 # v5.0.0
+        with:
+          name: headscale-image
+          path: headscale-image.tar.gz
+          retention-days: 10
+      - name: Upload tailscale HEAD image
+        if: steps.changed-files.outputs.files == 'true'
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@330a01c490aca151604b8cf639adc76d48f6c5d4 # v5.0.0
+        with:
+          name: tailscale-head-image
+          path: tailscale-head-image.tar.gz
+          retention-days: 10
+  build-postgres:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    needs: build
+    if: needs.build.outputs.files-changed == 'true'
+    steps:
+      - name: Pull and save postgres image
+        run: |
+          docker pull postgres:latest
+          docker tag postgres:latest postgres:${{ github.sha }}
+          docker save postgres:${{ github.sha }} | gzip > postgres-image.tar.gz
+      - name: Upload postgres image
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@330a01c490aca151604b8cf639adc76d48f6c5d4 # v5.0.0
+        with:
+          name: postgres-image
+          path: postgres-image.tar.gz
+          retention-days: 10
   sqlite:
+    needs: build
+    if: needs.build.outputs.files-changed == 'true'
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
@@ -25,6 +135,13 @@ jobs:
           - TestACLAutogroupTagged
           - TestACLAutogroupSelf
           - TestACLPolicyPropagationOverTime
+          - TestACLTagPropagation
+          - TestACLTagPropagationPortSpecific
+          - TestACLGroupWithUnknownUser
+          - TestACLGroupAfterUserDeletion
+          - TestACLGroupDeletionExactReproduction
+          - TestACLDynamicUnknownUserAddition
+          - TestACLDynamicUnknownUserRemoval
           - TestAPIAuthenticationBypass
           - TestAPIAuthenticationBypassCurl
           - TestGRPCAuthenticationBypass
@@ -32,6 +149,8 @@ jobs:
           - TestAuthKeyLogoutAndReloginSameUser
           - TestAuthKeyLogoutAndReloginNewUser
           - TestAuthKeyLogoutAndReloginSameUserExpiredKey
+          - TestAuthKeyDeleteKey
+          - TestAuthKeyLogoutAndReloginRoutesPreserved
           - TestOIDCAuthenticationPingAll
           - TestOIDCExpireNodesBasedOnTokenExpiry
           - TestOIDC024UserCreation
@@ -41,6 +160,8 @@ jobs:
           - TestOIDCMultipleOpenedLoginUrls
           - TestOIDCReloginSameNodeSameUser
           - TestOIDCExpiryAfterRestart
+          - TestOIDCACLPolicyOnJoin
+          - TestOIDCReloginSameUserRoutesPreserved
           - TestAuthWebFlowAuthenticationPingAll
           - TestAuthWebFlowLogoutAndReloginSameUser
           - TestAuthWebFlowLogoutAndReloginNewUser
@@ -49,13 +170,11 @@ jobs:
           - TestPreAuthKeyCommandWithoutExpiry
           - TestPreAuthKeyCommandReusableEphemeral
           - TestPreAuthKeyCorrectUserLoggedInCommand
+          - TestTaggedNodesCLIOutput
           - TestApiKeyCommand
-          - TestNodeTagCommand
-          - TestNodeAdvertiseTagCommand
           - TestNodeCommand
           - TestNodeExpireCommand
           - TestNodeRenameCommand
-          - TestNodeMoveCommand
           - TestPolicyCommand
           - TestPolicyBrokenConfigCommand
           - TestDERPVerifyEndpoint
@@ -82,7 +201,12 @@ jobs:
           - TestEnablingExitRoutes
           - TestSubnetRouterMultiNetwork
           - TestSubnetRouterMultiNetworkExitNode
-          - TestAutoApproveMultiNetwork
+          - TestAutoApproveMultiNetwork/authkey-tag.*
+          - TestAutoApproveMultiNetwork/authkey-user.*
+          - TestAutoApproveMultiNetwork/authkey-group.*
+          - TestAutoApproveMultiNetwork/webauth-tag.*
+          - TestAutoApproveMultiNetwork/webauth-user.*
+          - TestAutoApproveMultiNetwork/webauth-group.*
           - TestSubnetRouteACLFiltering
           - TestHeadscale
           - TestTailscaleNodesJoiningHeadcale
@@ -92,12 +216,46 @@ jobs:
           - TestSSHIsBlockedInACL
           - TestSSHUserOnlyIsolation
           - TestSSHAutogroupSelf
+          - TestTagsAuthKeyWithTagRequestDifferentTag
+          - TestTagsAuthKeyWithTagNoAdvertiseFlag
+          - TestTagsAuthKeyWithTagCannotAddViaCLI
+          - TestTagsAuthKeyWithTagCannotChangeViaCLI
+          - TestTagsAuthKeyWithTagAdminOverrideReauthPreserves
+          - TestTagsAuthKeyWithTagCLICannotModifyAdminTags
+          - TestTagsAuthKeyWithoutTagCannotRequestTags
+          - TestTagsAuthKeyWithoutTagRegisterNoTags
+          - TestTagsAuthKeyWithoutTagCannotAddViaCLI
+          - TestTagsAuthKeyWithoutTagCLINoOpAfterAdminWithReset
+          - TestTagsAuthKeyWithoutTagCLINoOpAfterAdminWithEmptyAdvertise
+          - TestTagsAuthKeyWithoutTagCLICannotReduceAdminMultiTag
+          - TestTagsUserLoginOwnedTagAtRegistration
+          - TestTagsUserLoginNonExistentTagAtRegistration
+          - TestTagsUserLoginUnownedTagAtRegistration
+          - TestTagsUserLoginAddTagViaCLIReauth
+          - TestTagsUserLoginRemoveTagViaCLIReauth
+          - TestTagsUserLoginCLINoOpAfterAdminAssignment
+          - TestTagsUserLoginCLICannotRemoveAdminTags
+          - TestTagsAuthKeyWithTagRequestNonExistentTag
+          - TestTagsAuthKeyWithTagRequestUnownedTag
+          - TestTagsAuthKeyWithoutTagRequestNonExistentTag
+          - TestTagsAuthKeyWithoutTagRequestUnownedTag
+          - TestTagsAdminAPICannotSetNonExistentTag
+          - TestTagsAdminAPICanSetUnownedTag
+          - TestTagsAdminAPICannotRemoveAllTags
+          - TestTagsIssue2978ReproTagReplacement
+          - TestTagsAdminAPICannotSetInvalidFormat
+          - TestTagsUserLoginReauthWithEmptyTagsRemovesAllTags
+          - TestTagsAuthKeyWithoutUserInheritsTags
+          - TestTagsAuthKeyWithoutUserRejectsAdvertisedTags
     uses: ./.github/workflows/integration-test-template.yml
+    secrets: inherit
     with:
       test: ${{ matrix.test }}
       postgres_flag: "--postgres=0"
       database_name: "sqlite"
   postgres:
+    needs: [build, build-postgres]
+    if: needs.build.outputs.files-changed == 'true'
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
@@ -108,6 +266,7 @@ jobs:
           - TestPingAllByIPManyUpDown
           - TestSubnetRouterMultiNetwork
     uses: ./.github/workflows/integration-test-template.yml
+    secrets: inherit
     with:
       test: ${{ matrix.test }}
       postgres_flag: "--postgres=1"

.github/workflows/test.yml

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
 
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
         with:
           fetch-depth: 2
 
@@ -27,13 +27,12 @@ jobs:
               - 'integration_test/'
               - 'config-example.yaml'
 
-      - uses: nixbuild/nix-quick-install-action@889f3180bb5f064ee9e3201428d04ae9e41d54ad # v31
+      - uses: nixbuild/nix-quick-install-action@2c9db80fb984ceb1bcaa77cdda3fdf8cfba92035 # v34
         if: steps.changed-files.outputs.files == 'true'
       - uses: nix-community/cache-nix-action@135667ec418502fa5a3598af6fb9eb733888ce6a # v6.1.3
         if: steps.changed-files.outputs.files == 'true'
         with:
-          primary-key:
-            nix-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-${{ hashFiles('**/*.nix',
+          primary-key: nix-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-${{ hashFiles('**/*.nix',
             '**/flake.lock') }}
           restore-prefixes-first-match: nix-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}
 

.gitignore

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ ignored/
 tailscale/
 .vscode/
 .claude/
+logs/
 
 *.prof
 

.golangci.yaml

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ linters:
     - depguard
     - dupl
     - exhaustruct
+    - funcorder
     - funlen
     - gochecknoglobals
     - gochecknoinits
@@ -28,6 +29,15 @@ linters:
     - wrapcheck
     - wsl
   settings:
+    forbidigo:
+      forbid:
+        # Forbid time.Sleep everywhere with context-appropriate alternatives
+        - pattern: 'time\.Sleep'
+          msg: >-
+            time.Sleep is forbidden.
+            In tests: use assert.EventuallyWithT for polling/waiting patterns.
+            In production code: use a backoff strategy (e.g., cenkalti/backoff) or proper synchronization primitives.
+      analyze-types: true
     gocritic:
       disabled-checks:
         - appendAssign

.goreleaser.yml

@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ kos:
     # bare tells KO to only use the repository
     # for tagging and naming the container.
     bare: true
-    base_image: gcr.io/distroless/base-debian12
+    base_image: gcr.io/distroless/base-debian13
     build: headscale
     main: ./cmd/headscale
     env:
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ kos:
       - headscale/headscale
 
     bare: true
-    base_image: gcr.io/distroless/base-debian12:debug
+    base_image: gcr.io/distroless/base-debian13:debug
     build: headscale
     main: ./cmd/headscale
     env:

.mcp.json

@@ -3,45 +3,31 @@
     "claude-code-mcp": {
       "type": "stdio",
       "command": "npx",
-      "args": [
-        "-y",
-        "@steipete/claude-code-mcp@latest"
-      ],
+      "args": ["-y", "@steipete/claude-code-mcp@latest"],
       "env": {}
     },
     "sequential-thinking": {
       "type": "stdio",
       "command": "npx",
-      "args": [
-        "-y",
-        "@modelcontextprotocol/server-sequential-thinking"
-      ],
+      "args": ["-y", "@modelcontextprotocol/server-sequential-thinking"],
       "env": {}
     },
     "nixos": {
       "type": "stdio",
       "command": "uvx",
-      "args": [
-        "mcp-nixos"
-      ],
+      "args": ["mcp-nixos"],
       "env": {}
     },
     "context7": {
       "type": "stdio",
       "command": "npx",
-      "args": [
-        "-y",
-        "@upstash/context7-mcp"
-      ],
+      "args": ["-y", "@upstash/context7-mcp"],
       "env": {}
     },
     "git": {
       "type": "stdio",
       "command": "npx",
-      "args": [
-        "-y",
-        "@cyanheads/git-mcp-server"
-      ],
+      "args": ["-y", "@cyanheads/git-mcp-server"],
       "env": {}
     }
   }

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+# prek/pre-commit configuration for headscale
+# See: https://prek.j178.dev/quickstart/
+# See: https://prek.j178.dev/builtin/
+
+# Global exclusions - ignore generated code
+exclude: ^gen/
+
+repos:
+  # Built-in hooks from pre-commit/pre-commit-hooks
+  # prek will use fast-path optimized versions automatically
+  # See: https://prek.j178.dev/builtin/
+  - repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/pre-commit-hooks
+    rev: v6.0.0
+    hooks:
+      - id: check-added-large-files
+      - id: check-case-conflict
+      - id: check-executables-have-shebangs
+      - id: check-json
+      - id: check-merge-conflict
+      - id: check-symlinks
+      - id: check-toml
+      - id: check-xml
+      - id: check-yaml
+      - id: detect-private-key
+      - id: end-of-file-fixer
+      - id: fix-byte-order-marker
+      - id: mixed-line-ending
+      - id: trailing-whitespace
+
+  # Local hooks for project-specific tooling
+  - repo: local
+    hooks:
+      # nixpkgs-fmt for Nix files
+      - id: nixpkgs-fmt
+        name: nixpkgs-fmt
+        entry: nixpkgs-fmt
+        language: system
+        files: \.nix$
+
+      # Prettier for formatting
+      - id: prettier
+        name: prettier
+        entry: prettier --write --list-different
+        language: system
+        exclude: ^docs/
+        types_or:
+          [
+            javascript,
+            jsx,
+            ts,
+            tsx,
+            yaml,
+            json,
+            toml,
+            html,
+            css,
+            scss,
+            sass,
+            markdown,
+          ]
+
+      # golangci-lint for Go code quality
+      - id: golangci-lint
+        name: golangci-lint
+        entry: nix develop --command golangci-lint run --new-from-rev=HEAD~1 --timeout=5m --fix
+        language: system
+        types: [go]
+        pass_filenames: false

.prettierignore

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 .github/workflows/test-integration-v2*
 docs/about/features.md
+docs/ref/api.md
 docs/ref/configuration.md
 docs/ref/oidc.md
-docs/ref/remote-cli.md

CLAUDE.md

@@ -1,531 +1 @@
-# CLAUDE.md
-
-This file provides guidance to Claude Code (claude.ai/code) when working with code in this repository.
-
-## Overview
-
-Headscale is an open-source implementation of the Tailscale control server written in Go. It provides self-hosted coordination for Tailscale networks (tailnets), managing node registration, IP allocation, policy enforcement, and DERP routing.
-
-## Development Commands
-
-### Quick Setup
-```bash
-# Recommended: Use Nix for dependency management
-nix develop
-
-# Full development workflow
-make dev  # runs fmt + lint + test + build
-```
-
-### Essential Commands
-```bash
-# Build headscale binary
-make build
-
-# Run tests
-make test
-go test ./...                    # All unit tests
-go test -race ./...              # With race detection
-
-# Run specific integration test
-go run ./cmd/hi run "TestName" --postgres
-
-# Code formatting and linting
-make fmt         # Format all code (Go, docs, proto)
-make lint        # Lint all code (Go, proto)
-make fmt-go      # Format Go code only
-make lint-go     # Lint Go code only
-
-# Protocol buffer generation (after modifying proto/)
-make generate
-
-# Clean build artifacts  
-make clean
-```
-
-### Integration Testing
-```bash
-# Use the hi (Headscale Integration) test runner
-go run ./cmd/hi doctor                    # Check system requirements
-go run ./cmd/hi run "TestPattern"         # Run specific test
-go run ./cmd/hi run "TestPattern" --postgres  # With PostgreSQL backend
-
-# Test artifacts are saved to control_logs/ with logs and debug data
-```
-
-## Project Structure & Architecture
-
-### Top-Level Organization
-
-```
-headscale/
-├── cmd/                    # Command-line applications
-│   ├── headscale/         # Main headscale server binary
-│   └── hi/               # Headscale Integration test runner
-├── hscontrol/            # Core control plane logic
-├── integration/          # End-to-end Docker-based tests
-├── proto/               # Protocol buffer definitions
-├── gen/                 # Generated code (protobuf)
-├── docs/                # Documentation
-└── packaging/           # Distribution packaging
-```
-
-### Core Packages (`hscontrol/`)
-
-**Main Server (`hscontrol/`)**
-- `app.go`: Application setup, dependency injection, server lifecycle
-- `handlers.go`: HTTP/gRPC API endpoints for management operations
-- `grpcv1.go`: gRPC service implementation for headscale API
-- `poll.go`: **Critical** - Handles Tailscale MapRequest/MapResponse protocol
-- `noise.go`: Noise protocol implementation for secure client communication
-- `auth.go`: Authentication flows (web, OIDC, command-line)
-- `oidc.go`: OpenID Connect integration for user authentication
-
-**State Management (`hscontrol/state/`)**
-- `state.go`: Central coordinator for all subsystems (database, policy, IP allocation, DERP)
-- `node_store.go`: **Performance-critical** - In-memory cache with copy-on-write semantics
-- Thread-safe operations with deadlock detection
-- Coordinates between database persistence and real-time operations
-
-**Database Layer (`hscontrol/db/`)**
-- `db.go`: Database abstraction, GORM setup, migration management
-- `node.go`: Node lifecycle, registration, expiration, IP assignment
-- `users.go`: User management, namespace isolation
-- `api_key.go`: API authentication tokens
-- `preauth_keys.go`: Pre-authentication keys for automated node registration
-- `ip.go`: IP address allocation and management
-- `policy.go`: Policy storage and retrieval
-- Schema migrations in `schema.sql` with extensive test data coverage
-
-**Policy Engine (`hscontrol/policy/`)**
-- `policy.go`: Core ACL evaluation logic, HuJSON parsing
-- `v2/`: Next-generation policy system with improved filtering
-- `matcher/`: ACL rule matching and evaluation engine
-- Determines peer visibility, route approval, and network access rules
-- Supports both file-based and database-stored policies
-
-**Network Management (`hscontrol/`)**
-- `derp/`: DERP (Designated Encrypted Relay for Packets) server implementation
-  - NAT traversal when direct connections fail
-  - Fallback relay for firewall-restricted environments
-- `mapper/`: Converts internal Headscale state to Tailscale's wire protocol format
-  - `tail.go`: Tailscale-specific data structure generation
-- `routes/`: Subnet route management and primary route selection
-- `dns/`: DNS record management and MagicDNS implementation
-
-**Utilities & Support (`hscontrol/`)**
-- `types/`: Core data structures, configuration, validation
-- `util/`: Helper functions for networking, DNS, key management
-- `templates/`: Client configuration templates (Apple, Windows, etc.)
-- `notifier/`: Event notification system for real-time updates
-- `metrics.go`: Prometheus metrics collection
-- `capver/`: Tailscale capability version management
-
-### Key Subsystem Interactions
-
-**Node Registration Flow**
-1. **Client Connection**: `noise.go` handles secure protocol handshake
-2. **Authentication**: `auth.go` validates credentials (web/OIDC/preauth)
-3. **State Creation**: `state.go` coordinates IP allocation via `db/ip.go`
-4. **Storage**: `db/node.go` persists node, `NodeStore` caches in memory
-5. **Network Setup**: `mapper/` generates initial Tailscale network map
-
-**Ongoing Operations**
-1. **Poll Requests**: `poll.go` receives periodic client updates
-2. **State Updates**: `NodeStore` maintains real-time node information
-3. **Policy Application**: `policy/` evaluates ACL rules for peer relationships
-4. **Map Distribution**: `mapper/` sends network topology to all affected clients
-
-**Route Management**
-1. **Advertisement**: Clients announce routes via `poll.go` Hostinfo updates
-2. **Storage**: `db/` persists routes, `NodeStore` caches for performance
-3. **Approval**: `policy/` auto-approves routes based on ACL rules
-4. **Distribution**: `routes/` selects primary routes, `mapper/` distributes to peers
-
-### Command-Line Tools (`cmd/`)
-
-**Main Server (`cmd/headscale/`)**
-- `headscale.go`: CLI parsing, configuration loading, server startup
-- Supports daemon mode, CLI operations (user/node management), database operations
-
-**Integration Test Runner (`cmd/hi/`)**
-- `main.go`: Test execution framework with Docker orchestration
-- `run.go`: Individual test execution with artifact collection
-- `doctor.go`: System requirements validation
-- `docker.go`: Container lifecycle management
-- Essential for validating changes against real Tailscale clients
-
-### Generated & External Code
-
-**Protocol Buffers (`proto/` → `gen/`)**
-- Defines gRPC API for headscale management operations
-- Client libraries can generate from these definitions
-- Run `make generate` after modifying `.proto` files
-
-**Integration Testing (`integration/`)**
-- `scenario.go`: Docker test environment setup
-- `tailscale.go`: Tailscale client container management
-- Individual test files for specific functionality areas
-- Real end-to-end validation with network isolation
-
-### Critical Performance Paths
-
-**High-Frequency Operations**
-1. **MapRequest Processing** (`poll.go`): Every 15-60 seconds per client
-2. **NodeStore Reads** (`node_store.go`): Every operation requiring node data
-3. **Policy Evaluation** (`policy/`): On every peer relationship calculation
-4. **Route Lookups** (`routes/`): During network map generation
-
-**Database Write Patterns**
-- **Frequent**: Node heartbeats, endpoint updates, route changes
-- **Moderate**: User operations, policy updates, API key management
-- **Rare**: Schema migrations, bulk operations
-
-### Configuration & Deployment
-
-**Configuration** (`hscontrol/types/config.go`)**
-- Database connection settings (SQLite/PostgreSQL)
-- Network configuration (IP ranges, DNS settings)
-- Policy mode (file vs database)
-- DERP relay configuration
-- OIDC provider settings
-
-**Key Dependencies**
-- **GORM**: Database ORM with migration support
-- **Tailscale Libraries**: Core networking and protocol code
-- **Zerolog**: Structured logging throughout the application
-- **Buf**: Protocol buffer toolchain for code generation
-
-### Development Workflow Integration
-
-The architecture supports incremental development:
-- **Unit Tests**: Focus on individual packages (`*_test.go` files)
-- **Integration Tests**: Validate cross-component interactions
-- **Database Tests**: Extensive migration and data integrity validation
-- **Policy Tests**: ACL rule evaluation and edge cases
-- **Performance Tests**: NodeStore and high-frequency operation validation
-
-## Integration Testing System
-
-### Overview
-Headscale uses Docker-based integration tests with real Tailscale clients to validate end-to-end functionality. The integration test system is complex and requires specialized knowledge for effective execution and debugging.
-
-### **MANDATORY: Use the headscale-integration-tester Agent**
-
-**CRITICAL REQUIREMENT**: For ANY integration test execution, analysis, troubleshooting, or validation, you MUST use the `headscale-integration-tester` agent. This agent contains specialized knowledge about:
-
-- Test execution strategies and timing requirements  
-- Infrastructure vs code issue distinction (99% vs 1% failure patterns)
-- Security-critical debugging rules and forbidden practices
-- Comprehensive artifact analysis workflows
-- Real-world failure patterns from HA debugging experiences
-
-### Quick Reference Commands
-
-```bash
-# Check system requirements (always run first)
-go run ./cmd/hi doctor
-
-# Run single test (recommended for development)  
-go run ./cmd/hi run "TestName"
-
-# Use PostgreSQL for database-heavy tests
-go run ./cmd/hi run "TestName" --postgres
-
-# Pattern matching for related tests
-go run ./cmd/hi run "TestPattern*"
-```
-
-**Critical Notes**:
-- Only ONE test can run at a time (Docker port conflicts)
-- Tests generate ~100MB of logs per run in `control_logs/`
-- Clean environment before each test: `rm -rf control_logs/202507* && docker system prune -f`
-
-### Test Artifacts Location
-All test runs save comprehensive debugging artifacts to `control_logs/TIMESTAMP-ID/` including server logs, client logs, database dumps, MapResponse protocol data, and Prometheus metrics.
-
-**For all integration test work, use the headscale-integration-tester agent - it contains the complete knowledge needed for effective testing and debugging.**
-
-## NodeStore Implementation Details
-
-**Key Insight from Recent Work**: The NodeStore is a critical performance optimization that caches node data in memory while ensuring consistency with the database. When working with route advertisements or node state changes:
-
-1. **Timing Considerations**: Route advertisements need time to propagate from clients to server. Use `require.EventuallyWithT()` patterns in tests instead of immediate assertions.
-
-2. **Synchronization Points**: NodeStore updates happen at specific points like `poll.go:420` after Hostinfo changes. Ensure these are maintained when modifying the polling logic.
-
-3. **Peer Visibility**: The NodeStore's `peersFunc` determines which nodes are visible to each other. Policy-based filtering is separate from monitoring visibility - expired nodes should remain visible for debugging but marked as expired.
-
-## Testing Guidelines
-
-### Integration Test Patterns
-
-#### **CRITICAL: EventuallyWithT Pattern for External Calls**
-
-**All external calls in integration tests MUST be wrapped in EventuallyWithT blocks** to handle eventual consistency in distributed systems. External calls include:
-- `client.Status()` - Getting Tailscale client status
-- `client.Curl()` - Making HTTP requests through clients
-- `client.Traceroute()` - Running network diagnostics
-- `headscale.ListNodes()` - Querying headscale server state
-- Any other calls that interact with external systems or network operations
-
-**Key Rules**:
-1. **Never use bare `require.NoError(t, err)` with external calls** - Always wrap in EventuallyWithT
-2. **Keep related assertions together** - If multiple assertions depend on the same external call, keep them in the same EventuallyWithT block
-3. **Split unrelated external calls** - Different external calls should be in separate EventuallyWithT blocks
-4. **Never nest EventuallyWithT calls** - Each EventuallyWithT should be at the same level
-5. **Declare shared variables at function scope** - Variables used across multiple EventuallyWithT blocks must be declared before first use
-
-**Examples**:
-
-```go
-// CORRECT: External call wrapped in EventuallyWithT
-assert.EventuallyWithT(t, func(c *assert.CollectT) {
-    status, err := client.Status()
-    assert.NoError(c, err)
-    
-    // Related assertions using the same status call
-    for _, peerKey := range status.Peers() {
-        peerStatus := status.Peer[peerKey]
-        assert.NotNil(c, peerStatus.PrimaryRoutes)
-        requirePeerSubnetRoutesWithCollect(c, peerStatus, expectedRoutes)
-    }
-}, 5*time.Second, 200*time.Millisecond, "Verifying client status and routes")
-
-// INCORRECT: Bare external call without EventuallyWithT
-status, err := client.Status()  // ❌ Will fail intermittently
-require.NoError(t, err)
-
-// CORRECT: Separate EventuallyWithT for different external calls
-// First external call - headscale.ListNodes()
-assert.EventuallyWithT(t, func(c *assert.CollectT) {
-    nodes, err := headscale.ListNodes()
-    assert.NoError(c, err)
-    assert.Len(c, nodes, 2)
-    requireNodeRouteCountWithCollect(c, nodes[0], 2, 2, 2)
-}, 10*time.Second, 500*time.Millisecond, "route state changes should propagate to nodes")
-
-// Second external call - client.Status() 
-assert.EventuallyWithT(t, func(c *assert.CollectT) {
-    status, err := client.Status()
-    assert.NoError(c, err)
-    
-    for _, peerKey := range status.Peers() {
-        peerStatus := status.Peer[peerKey]
-        requirePeerSubnetRoutesWithCollect(c, peerStatus, []netip.Prefix{tsaddr.AllIPv4(), tsaddr.AllIPv6()})
-    }
-}, 10*time.Second, 500*time.Millisecond, "routes should be visible to client")
-
-// INCORRECT: Multiple unrelated external calls in same EventuallyWithT
-assert.EventuallyWithT(t, func(c *assert.CollectT) {
-    nodes, err := headscale.ListNodes()  // ❌ First external call
-    assert.NoError(c, err)
-    
-    status, err := client.Status()  // ❌ Different external call - should be separate
-    assert.NoError(c, err)
-}, 10*time.Second, 500*time.Millisecond, "mixed calls")
-
-// CORRECT: Variable scoping for shared data
-var (
-    srs1, srs2, srs3       *ipnstate.Status
-    clientStatus           *ipnstate.Status
-    srs1PeerStatus         *ipnstate.PeerStatus
-)
-
-assert.EventuallyWithT(t, func(c *assert.CollectT) {
-    srs1 = subRouter1.MustStatus()  // = not :=
-    srs2 = subRouter2.MustStatus()
-    clientStatus = client.MustStatus()
-    
-    srs1PeerStatus = clientStatus.Peer[srs1.Self.PublicKey]
-    // assertions...
-}, 5*time.Second, 200*time.Millisecond, "checking router status")
-
-// CORRECT: Wrapping client operations
-assert.EventuallyWithT(t, func(c *assert.CollectT) {
-    result, err := client.Curl(weburl)
-    assert.NoError(c, err)
-    assert.Len(c, result, 13)
-}, 5*time.Second, 200*time.Millisecond, "Verifying HTTP connectivity")
-
-assert.EventuallyWithT(t, func(c *assert.CollectT) {
-    tr, err := client.Traceroute(webip)
-    assert.NoError(c, err)
-    assertTracerouteViaIPWithCollect(c, tr, expectedRouter.MustIPv4())
-}, 5*time.Second, 200*time.Millisecond, "Verifying network path")
-```
-
-**Helper Functions**:
-- Use `requirePeerSubnetRoutesWithCollect` instead of `requirePeerSubnetRoutes` inside EventuallyWithT
-- Use `requireNodeRouteCountWithCollect` instead of `requireNodeRouteCount` inside EventuallyWithT
-- Use `assertTracerouteViaIPWithCollect` instead of `assertTracerouteViaIP` inside EventuallyWithT
-
-```go
-// Node route checking by actual node properties, not array position
-var routeNode *v1.Node
-for _, node := range nodes {
-    if nodeIDStr := fmt.Sprintf("%d", node.GetId()); expectedRoutes[nodeIDStr] != "" {
-        routeNode = node
-        break
-    }
-}
-```
-
-### Running Problematic Tests
-- Some tests require significant time (e.g., `TestNodeOnlineStatus` runs for 12 minutes)
-- Infrastructure issues like disk space can cause test failures unrelated to code changes  
-- Use `--postgres` flag when testing database-heavy scenarios
-
-## Quality Assurance and Testing Requirements
-
-### **MANDATORY: Always Use Specialized Testing Agents**
-
-**CRITICAL REQUIREMENT**: For ANY task involving testing, quality assurance, review, or validation, you MUST use the appropriate specialized agent at the END of your task list. This ensures comprehensive quality validation and prevents regressions.
-
-**Required Agents for Different Task Types**:
-
-1. **Integration Testing**: Use `headscale-integration-tester` agent for:
-   - Running integration tests with `cmd/hi`
-   - Analyzing test failures and artifacts
-   - Troubleshooting Docker-based test infrastructure
-   - Validating end-to-end functionality changes
-
-2. **Quality Control**: Use `quality-control-enforcer` agent for:
-   - Code review and validation
-   - Ensuring best practices compliance  
-   - Preventing common pitfalls and anti-patterns
-   - Validating architectural decisions
-
-**Agent Usage Pattern**: Always add the appropriate agent as the FINAL step in any task list to ensure quality validation occurs after all work is complete.
-
-### Integration Test Debugging Reference
-
-Test artifacts are preserved in `control_logs/TIMESTAMP-ID/` including:
-- Headscale server logs (stderr/stdout)
-- Tailscale client logs and status  
-- Database dumps and network captures
-- MapResponse JSON files for protocol debugging
-
-**For integration test issues, ALWAYS use the headscale-integration-tester agent - do not attempt manual debugging.**
-
-## EventuallyWithT Pattern for Integration Tests
-
-### Overview
-EventuallyWithT is a testing pattern used to handle eventual consistency in distributed systems. In Headscale integration tests, many operations are asynchronous - clients advertise routes, the server processes them, updates propagate through the network. EventuallyWithT allows tests to wait for these operations to complete while making assertions.
-
-### External Calls That Must Be Wrapped
-The following operations are **external calls** that interact with the headscale server or tailscale clients and MUST be wrapped in EventuallyWithT:
-- `headscale.ListNodes()` - Queries server state
-- `client.Status()` - Gets client network status
-- `client.Curl()` - Makes HTTP requests through the network
-- `client.Traceroute()` - Performs network diagnostics
-- `client.Execute()` when running commands that query state
-- Any operation that reads from the headscale server or tailscale client
-
-### Operations That Must NOT Be Wrapped
-The following are **blocking operations** that modify state and should NOT be wrapped in EventuallyWithT:
-- `tailscale set` commands (e.g., `--advertise-routes`, `--exit-node`)
-- Any command that changes configuration or state
-- Use `client.MustStatus()` instead of `client.Status()` when you just need the ID for a blocking operation
-
-### Five Key Rules for EventuallyWithT
-
-1. **One External Call Per EventuallyWithT Block**
-   - Each EventuallyWithT should make ONE external call (e.g., ListNodes OR Status)
-   - Related assertions based on that single call can be grouped together
-   - Unrelated external calls must be in separate EventuallyWithT blocks
-
-2. **Variable Scoping**
-   - Declare variables that need to be shared across EventuallyWithT blocks at function scope
-   - Use `=` for assignment inside EventuallyWithT, not `:=` (unless the variable is only used within that block)
-   - Variables declared with `:=` inside EventuallyWithT are not accessible outside
-
-3. **No Nested EventuallyWithT**
-   - NEVER put an EventuallyWithT inside another EventuallyWithT
-   - This is a critical anti-pattern that must be avoided
-
-4. **Use CollectT for Assertions**
-   - Inside EventuallyWithT, use `assert` methods with the CollectT parameter
-   - Helper functions called within EventuallyWithT must accept `*assert.CollectT`
-
-5. **Descriptive Messages**
-   - Always provide a descriptive message as the last parameter
-   - Message should explain what condition is being waited for
-
-### Correct Pattern Examples
-
-```go
-// CORRECT: Blocking operation NOT wrapped
-for _, client := range allClients {
-    status := client.MustStatus()
-    command := []string{
-        "tailscale",
-        "set",
-        "--advertise-routes=" + expectedRoutes[string(status.Self.ID)],
-    }
-    _, _, err = client.Execute(command)
-    require.NoErrorf(t, err, "failed to advertise route: %s", err)
-}
-
-// CORRECT: Single external call with related assertions
-var nodes []*v1.Node
-assert.EventuallyWithT(t, func(c *assert.CollectT) {
-    nodes, err = headscale.ListNodes()
-    assert.NoError(c, err)
-    assert.Len(c, nodes, 2)
-    requireNodeRouteCountWithCollect(c, nodes[0], 2, 2, 2)
-}, 10*time.Second, 500*time.Millisecond, "nodes should have expected route counts")
-
-// CORRECT: Separate EventuallyWithT for different external call
-assert.EventuallyWithT(t, func(c *assert.CollectT) {
-    status, err := client.Status()
-    assert.NoError(c, err)
-    for _, peerKey := range status.Peers() {
-        peerStatus := status.Peer[peerKey]
-        requirePeerSubnetRoutesWithCollect(c, peerStatus, expectedPrefixes)
-    }
-}, 10*time.Second, 500*time.Millisecond, "client should see expected routes")
-```
-
-### Incorrect Patterns to Avoid
-
-```go
-// INCORRECT: Blocking operation wrapped in EventuallyWithT
-assert.EventuallyWithT(t, func(c *assert.CollectT) {
-    status, err := client.Status()
-    assert.NoError(c, err)
-    
-    // This is a blocking operation - should NOT be in EventuallyWithT!
-    command := []string{
-        "tailscale",
-        "set",
-        "--advertise-routes=" + expectedRoutes[string(status.Self.ID)],
-    }
-    _, _, err = client.Execute(command)
-    assert.NoError(c, err)
-}, 5*time.Second, 200*time.Millisecond, "wrong pattern")
-
-// INCORRECT: Multiple unrelated external calls in same EventuallyWithT
-assert.EventuallyWithT(t, func(c *assert.CollectT) {
-    // First external call
-    nodes, err := headscale.ListNodes()
-    assert.NoError(c, err)
-    assert.Len(c, nodes, 2)
-    
-    // Second unrelated external call - WRONG!
-    status, err := client.Status()
-    assert.NoError(c, err)
-    assert.NotNil(c, status)
-}, 10*time.Second, 500*time.Millisecond, "mixed operations")
-```
-
-## Important Notes
-
-- **Dependencies**: Use `nix develop` for consistent toolchain (Go, buf, protobuf tools, linting)
-- **Protocol Buffers**: Changes to `proto/` require `make generate` and should be committed separately
-- **Code Style**: Enforced via golangci-lint with golines (width 88) and gofumpt formatting
-- **Database**: Supports both SQLite (development) and PostgreSQL (production/testing)
-- **Integration Tests**: Require Docker and can consume significant disk space - use headscale-integration-tester agent
-- **Performance**: NodeStore optimizations are critical for scale - be careful with changes to state management
-- **Quality Assurance**: Always use appropriate specialized agents for testing and validation tasks
-- **NEVER create gists in the user's name**: Do not use the `create_gist` tool - present information directly in the response instead
+@AGENTS.md

Dockerfile.integration

@@ -2,28 +2,43 @@
 # and are in no way endorsed by Headscale's maintainers as an
 # official nor supported release or distribution.
 
-FROM docker.io/golang:1.25-trixie
+FROM docker.io/golang:1.25-trixie AS builder
 ARG VERSION=dev
 ENV GOPATH /go
 WORKDIR /go/src/headscale
 
-RUN apt-get --update install --no-install-recommends --yes less jq sqlite3 dnsutils \
-  && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* \
-  && apt-get clean
-RUN mkdir -p /var/run/headscale
-
-# Install delve debugger
+# Install delve debugger first - rarely changes, good cache candidate
 RUN go install github.com/go-delve/delve/cmd/dlv@latest
 
+# Download dependencies - only invalidated when go.mod/go.sum change
 COPY go.mod go.sum /go/src/headscale/
 RUN go mod download
 
+# Copy source and build - invalidated on any source change
 COPY . .
 
 # Build debug binary with debug symbols for delve
 RUN CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=linux go build -gcflags="all=-N -l" -o /go/bin/headscale ./cmd/headscale
 
+# Runtime stage
+FROM debian:trixie-slim
+
+RUN apt-get --update install --no-install-recommends --yes \
+    bash ca-certificates curl dnsutils findutils iproute2 jq less procps python3 sqlite3 \
+  && apt-get dist-clean
+
+RUN mkdir -p /var/run/headscale
+
+# Copy binaries from builder
+COPY --from=builder /go/bin/headscale /usr/local/bin/headscale
+COPY --from=builder /go/bin/dlv /usr/local/bin/dlv
+
+# Copy source code for delve source-level debugging
+COPY --from=builder /go/src/headscale /go/src/headscale
+
+WORKDIR /go/src/headscale
+
 # Need to reset the entrypoint or everything will run as a busybox script
 ENTRYPOINT []
 EXPOSE 8080/tcp 40000/tcp
-CMD ["/go/bin/dlv", "--listen=0.0.0.0:40000", "--headless=true", "--api-version=2", "--accept-multiclient", "exec", "/go/bin/headscale", "--"]
+CMD ["dlv", "--listen=0.0.0.0:40000", "--headless=true", "--api-version=2", "--accept-multiclient", "exec", "/usr/local/bin/headscale", "--"]

Dockerfile.integration-ci

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+# Minimal CI image - expects pre-built headscale binary in build context
+# For local development with delve debugging, use Dockerfile.integration instead
+
+FROM debian:trixie-slim
+
+RUN apt-get --update install --no-install-recommends --yes \
+    bash ca-certificates curl dnsutils findutils iproute2 jq less procps python3 sqlite3 \
+  && apt-get dist-clean
+
+RUN mkdir -p /var/run/headscale
+
+# Copy pre-built headscale binary from build context
+COPY headscale /usr/local/bin/headscale
+
+ENTRYPOINT []
+EXPOSE 8080/tcp
+CMD ["/usr/local/bin/headscale"]

Dockerfile.tailscale-HEAD

@@ -37,7 +37,9 @@ RUN GOARCH=$TARGETARCH go install -tags="${BUILD_TAGS}" -ldflags="\
       -v ./cmd/tailscale ./cmd/tailscaled ./cmd/containerboot
 
 FROM alpine:3.22
-RUN apk add --no-cache ca-certificates iptables iproute2 ip6tables curl
+# Upstream: ca-certificates ip6tables iptables iproute2
+# Tests: curl python3 (traceroute via BusyBox)
+RUN apk add --no-cache ca-certificates curl ip6tables iptables iproute2 python3
 
 COPY --from=build-env /go/bin/* /usr/local/bin/
 # For compat with the previous run.sh, although ideally you should be

Makefile

@@ -64,7 +64,6 @@ fmt-go: check-deps $(GO_SOURCES)
 fmt-prettier: check-deps $(DOC_SOURCES)
 	@echo "Formatting documentation and config files..."
 	prettier --write '**/*.{ts,js,md,yaml,yml,sass,css,scss,html}'
-	prettier --write --print-width 80 --prose-wrap always CHANGELOG.md
 
 .PHONY: fmt-proto
 fmt-proto: check-deps $(PROTO_SOURCES)
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ help:
 	@echo ""
 	@echo "Specific targets:"
 	@echo "  fmt-go       - Format Go code only"
-	@echo "  fmt-prettier - Format documentation only" 
+	@echo "  fmt-prettier - Format documentation only"
 	@echo "  fmt-proto    - Format Protocol Buffer files only"
 	@echo "  lint-go      - Lint Go code only"
 	@echo "  lint-proto   - Lint Protocol Buffer files only"
@@ -126,4 +125,4 @@ help:
 	@echo "  check-deps   - Verify required tools are available"
 	@echo ""
 	@echo "Note: If not running in a nix shell, ensure dependencies are available:"
-	@echo "  nix develop"
+	@echo "  nix develop"

README.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-![headscale logo](./docs/logo/headscale3_header_stacked_left.png)
+![headscale logo](./docs/assets/logo/headscale3_header_stacked_left.png)
 
 ![ci](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/actions/workflows/test.yml/badge.svg)
 
@@ -63,6 +63,8 @@ and container to run Headscale.**
 
 Please have a look at the [`documentation`](https://headscale.net/stable/).
 
+For NixOS users, a module is available in [`nix/`](./nix/).
+
 ## Talks
 
 - Fosdem 2023 (video): [Headscale: How we are using integration testing to reimplement Tailscale](https://fosdem.org/2023/schedule/event/goheadscale/)
@@ -147,6 +149,7 @@ make build
 We recommend using Nix for dependency management to ensure you have all required tools. If you prefer to manage dependencies yourself, you can use Make directly:
 
 **With Nix (recommended):**
+
 ```shell
 nix develop
 make test
@@ -154,6 +157,7 @@ make build
 ```
 
 **With your own dependencies:**
+
 ```shell
 make test
 make build

cmd/headscale/cli/api_key.go

@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/juanfont/headscale/hscontrol/util"
 	"github.com/prometheus/common/model"
 	"github.com/pterm/pterm"
-	"github.com/rs/zerolog/log"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 	"google.golang.org/protobuf/types/known/timestamppb"
 )
@@ -29,15 +28,11 @@ func init() {
 	apiKeysCmd.AddCommand(createAPIKeyCmd)
 
 	expireAPIKeyCmd.Flags().StringP("prefix", "p", "", "ApiKey prefix")
-	if err := expireAPIKeyCmd.MarkFlagRequired("prefix"); err != nil {
-		log.Fatal().Err(err).Msg("")
-	}
+	expireAPIKeyCmd.Flags().Uint64P("id", "i", 0, "ApiKey ID")
 	apiKeysCmd.AddCommand(expireAPIKeyCmd)
 
 	deleteAPIKeyCmd.Flags().StringP("prefix", "p", "", "ApiKey prefix")
-	if err := deleteAPIKeyCmd.MarkFlagRequired("prefix"); err != nil {
-		log.Fatal().Err(err).Msg("")
-	}
+	deleteAPIKeyCmd.Flags().Uint64P("id", "i", 0, "ApiKey ID")
 	apiKeysCmd.AddCommand(deleteAPIKeyCmd)
 }
 
@@ -154,11 +149,20 @@ var expireAPIKeyCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
 		output, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("output")
 
-		prefix, err := cmd.Flags().GetString("prefix")
-		if err != nil {
+		id, _ := cmd.Flags().GetUint64("id")
+		prefix, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("prefix")
+
+		switch {
+		case id == 0 && prefix == "":
 			ErrorOutput(
-				err,
-				fmt.Sprintf("Error getting prefix from CLI flag: %s", err),
+				errMissingParameter,
+				"Either --id or --prefix must be provided",
+				output,
+			)
+		case id != 0 && prefix != "":
+			ErrorOutput(
+				errMissingParameter,
+				"Only one of --id or --prefix can be provided",
 				output,
 			)
 		}
@@ -167,8 +171,11 @@ var expireAPIKeyCmd = &cobra.Command{
 		defer cancel()
 		defer conn.Close()
 
-		request := &v1.ExpireApiKeyRequest{
-			Prefix: prefix,
+		request := &v1.ExpireApiKeyRequest{}
+		if id != 0 {
+			request.Id = id
+		} else {
+			request.Prefix = prefix
 		}
 
 		response, err := client.ExpireApiKey(ctx, request)
@@ -191,11 +198,20 @@ var deleteAPIKeyCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
 		output, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("output")
 
-		prefix, err := cmd.Flags().GetString("prefix")
-		if err != nil {
+		id, _ := cmd.Flags().GetUint64("id")
+		prefix, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("prefix")
+
+		switch {
+		case id == 0 && prefix == "":
 			ErrorOutput(
-				err,
-				fmt.Sprintf("Error getting prefix from CLI flag: %s", err),
+				errMissingParameter,
+				"Either --id or --prefix must be provided",
+				output,
+			)
+		case id != 0 && prefix != "":
+			ErrorOutput(
+				errMissingParameter,
+				"Only one of --id or --prefix can be provided",
 				output,
 			)
 		}
@@ -204,8 +220,11 @@ var deleteAPIKeyCmd = &cobra.Command{
 		defer cancel()
 		defer conn.Close()
 
-		request := &v1.DeleteApiKeyRequest{
-			Prefix: prefix,
+		request := &v1.DeleteApiKeyRequest{}
+		if id != 0 {
+			request.Id = id
+		} else {
+			request.Prefix = prefix
 		}
 
 		response, err := client.DeleteApiKey(ctx, request)

cmd/headscale/cli/debug.go

@@ -10,10 +10,6 @@ import (
 	"google.golang.org/grpc/status"
 )
 
-const (
-	errPreAuthKeyMalformed = Error("key is malformed. expected 64 hex characters with `nodekey` prefix")
-)
-
 // Error is used to compare errors as per https://dave.cheney.net/2016/04/07/constant-errors
 type Error string
 

cmd/headscale/cli/nodes.go

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"log"
 	"net/netip"
-	"slices"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
@@ -22,7 +21,6 @@ import (
 func init() {
 	rootCmd.AddCommand(nodeCmd)
 	listNodesCmd.Flags().StringP("user", "u", "", "Filter by user")
-	listNodesCmd.Flags().BoolP("tags", "t", false, "Show tags")
 
 	listNodesCmd.Flags().StringP("namespace", "n", "", "User")
 	listNodesNamespaceFlag := listNodesCmd.Flags().Lookup("namespace")
@@ -73,26 +71,6 @@ func init() {
 	}
 	nodeCmd.AddCommand(deleteNodeCmd)
 
-	moveNodeCmd.Flags().Uint64P("identifier", "i", 0, "Node identifier (ID)")
-
-	err = moveNodeCmd.MarkFlagRequired("identifier")
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Fatal(err.Error())
-	}
-
-	moveNodeCmd.Flags().Uint64P("user", "u", 0, "New user")
-
-	moveNodeCmd.Flags().StringP("namespace", "n", "", "User")
-	moveNodeNamespaceFlag := moveNodeCmd.Flags().Lookup("namespace")
-	moveNodeNamespaceFlag.Deprecated = deprecateNamespaceMessage
-	moveNodeNamespaceFlag.Hidden = true
-
-	err = moveNodeCmd.MarkFlagRequired("user")
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Fatal(err.Error())
-	}
-	nodeCmd.AddCommand(moveNodeCmd)
-
 	tagCmd.Flags().Uint64P("identifier", "i", 0, "Node identifier (ID)")
 	tagCmd.MarkFlagRequired("identifier")
 	tagCmd.Flags().StringSliceP("tags", "t", []string{}, "List of tags to add to the node")
@@ -168,10 +146,6 @@ var listNodesCmd = &cobra.Command{
 		if err != nil {
 			ErrorOutput(err, fmt.Sprintf("Error getting user: %s", err), output)
 		}
-		showTags, err := cmd.Flags().GetBool("tags")
-		if err != nil {
-			ErrorOutput(err, fmt.Sprintf("Error getting tags flag: %s", err), output)
-		}
 
 		ctx, client, conn, cancel := newHeadscaleCLIWithConfig()
 		defer cancel()
@@ -194,7 +168,7 @@ var listNodesCmd = &cobra.Command{
 			SuccessOutput(response.GetNodes(), "", output)
 		}
 
-		tableData, err := nodesToPtables(user, showTags, response.GetNodes())
+		tableData, err := nodesToPtables(user, response.GetNodes())
 		if err != nil {
 			ErrorOutput(err, fmt.Sprintf("Error converting to table: %s", err), output)
 		}
@@ -240,10 +214,6 @@ var listNodeRoutesCmd = &cobra.Command{
 			)
 		}
 
-		if output != "" {
-			SuccessOutput(response.GetNodes(), "", output)
-		}
-
 		nodes := response.GetNodes()
 		if identifier != 0 {
 			for _, node := range response.GetNodes() {
@@ -258,6 +228,11 @@ var listNodeRoutesCmd = &cobra.Command{
 			return (n.GetSubnetRoutes() != nil && len(n.GetSubnetRoutes()) > 0) || (n.GetApprovedRoutes() != nil && len(n.GetApprovedRoutes()) > 0) || (n.GetAvailableRoutes() != nil && len(n.GetAvailableRoutes()) > 0)
 		})
 
+		if output != "" {
+			SuccessOutput(nodes, "", output)
+			return
+		}
+
 		tableData, err := nodeRoutesToPtables(nodes)
 		if err != nil {
 			ErrorOutput(err, fmt.Sprintf("Error converting to table: %s", err), output)
@@ -455,66 +430,6 @@ var deleteNodeCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	},
 }
 
-var moveNodeCmd = &cobra.Command{
-	Use:     "move",
-	Short:   "Move node to another user",
-	Aliases: []string{"mv"},
-	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
-		output, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("output")
-
-		identifier, err := cmd.Flags().GetUint64("identifier")
-		if err != nil {
-			ErrorOutput(
-				err,
-				fmt.Sprintf("Error converting ID to integer: %s", err),
-				output,
-			)
-		}
-
-		user, err := cmd.Flags().GetUint64("user")
-		if err != nil {
-			ErrorOutput(
-				err,
-				fmt.Sprintf("Error getting user: %s", err),
-				output,
-			)
-		}
-
-		ctx, client, conn, cancel := newHeadscaleCLIWithConfig()
-		defer cancel()
-		defer conn.Close()
-
-		getRequest := &v1.GetNodeRequest{
-			NodeId: identifier,
-		}
-
-		_, err = client.GetNode(ctx, getRequest)
-		if err != nil {
-			ErrorOutput(
-				err,
-				"Error getting node: "+status.Convert(err).Message(),
-				output,
-			)
-		}
-
-		moveRequest := &v1.MoveNodeRequest{
-			NodeId: identifier,
-			User:   user,
-		}
-
-		moveResponse, err := client.MoveNode(ctx, moveRequest)
-		if err != nil {
-			ErrorOutput(
-				err,
-				"Error moving node: "+status.Convert(err).Message(),
-				output,
-			)
-		}
-
-		SuccessOutput(moveResponse.GetNode(), "Node moved to another user", output)
-	},
-}
-
 var backfillNodeIPsCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Use:   "backfillips",
 	Short: "Backfill IPs missing from nodes",
@@ -561,7 +476,6 @@ be assigned to nodes.`,
 
 func nodesToPtables(
 	currentUser string,
-	showTags bool,
 	nodes []*v1.Node,
 ) (pterm.TableData, error) {
 	tableHeader := []string{
@@ -571,6 +485,7 @@ func nodesToPtables(
 		"MachineKey",
 		"NodeKey",
 		"User",
+		"Tags",
 		"IP addresses",
 		"Ephemeral",
 		"Last seen",
@@ -578,13 +493,6 @@ func nodesToPtables(
 		"Connected",
 		"Expired",
 	}
-	if showTags {
-		tableHeader = append(tableHeader, []string{
-			"ForcedTags",
-			"InvalidTags",
-			"ValidTags",
-		}...)
-	}
 	tableData := pterm.TableData{tableHeader}
 
 	for _, node := range nodes {
@@ -639,25 +547,17 @@ func nodesToPtables(
 			expired = pterm.LightRed("yes")
 		}
 
-		var forcedTags string
-		for _, tag := range node.GetForcedTags() {
-			forcedTags += "," + tag
+		// TODO(kradalby): as part of CLI rework, we should add the posibility to show "unusable" tags as mentioned in
+		// https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/issues/2981
+		var tagsBuilder strings.Builder
+
+		for _, tag := range node.GetTags() {
+			tagsBuilder.WriteString("\n" + tag)
 		}
-		forcedTags = strings.TrimLeft(forcedTags, ",")
-		var invalidTags string
-		for _, tag := range node.GetInvalidTags() {
-			if !slices.Contains(node.GetForcedTags(), tag) {
-				invalidTags += "," + pterm.LightRed(tag)
-			}
-		}
-		invalidTags = strings.TrimLeft(invalidTags, ",")
-		var validTags string
-		for _, tag := range node.GetValidTags() {
-			if !slices.Contains(node.GetForcedTags(), tag) {
-				validTags += "," + pterm.LightGreen(tag)
-			}
-		}
-		validTags = strings.TrimLeft(validTags, ",")
+
+		tags := tagsBuilder.String()
+
+		tags = strings.TrimLeft(tags, "\n")
 
 		var user string
 		if currentUser == "" || (currentUser == node.GetUser().GetName()) {
@@ -684,6 +584,7 @@ func nodesToPtables(
 			machineKey.ShortString(),
 			nodeKey.ShortString(),
 			user,
+			tags,
 			strings.Join([]string{IPV4Address, IPV6Address}, ", "),
 			strconv.FormatBool(ephemeral),
 			lastSeenTime,
@@ -691,9 +592,6 @@ func nodesToPtables(
 			online,
 			expired,
 		}
-		if showTags {
-			nodeData = append(nodeData, []string{forcedTags, invalidTags, validTags}...)
-		}
 		tableData = append(
 			tableData,
 			nodeData,
@@ -719,9 +617,9 @@ func nodeRoutesToPtables(
 		nodeData := []string{
 			strconv.FormatUint(node.GetId(), util.Base10),
 			node.GetGivenName(),
-			strings.Join(node.GetApprovedRoutes(), ", "),
-			strings.Join(node.GetAvailableRoutes(), ", "),
-			strings.Join(node.GetSubnetRoutes(), ", "),
+			strings.Join(node.GetApprovedRoutes(), "\n"),
+			strings.Join(node.GetAvailableRoutes(), "\n"),
+			strings.Join(node.GetSubnetRoutes(), "\n"),
 		}
 		tableData = append(
 			tableData,

cmd/headscale/cli/policy.go

@@ -69,8 +69,7 @@ var getPolicy = &cobra.Command{
 			}
 
 			d, err := db.NewHeadscaleDatabase(
-				cfg.Database,
-				cfg.BaseDomain,
+				cfg,
 				nil,
 			)
 			if err != nil {
@@ -145,8 +144,7 @@ var setPolicy = &cobra.Command{
 			}
 
 			d, err := db.NewHeadscaleDatabase(
-				cfg.Database,
-				cfg.BaseDomain,
+				cfg,
 				nil,
 			)
 			if err != nil {

cmd/headscale/cli/preauthkeys.go

@@ -20,20 +20,10 @@ const (
 
 func init() {
 	rootCmd.AddCommand(preauthkeysCmd)
-	preauthkeysCmd.PersistentFlags().Uint64P("user", "u", 0, "User identifier (ID)")
-
-	preauthkeysCmd.PersistentFlags().StringP("namespace", "n", "", "User")
-	pakNamespaceFlag := preauthkeysCmd.PersistentFlags().Lookup("namespace")
-	pakNamespaceFlag.Deprecated = deprecateNamespaceMessage
-	pakNamespaceFlag.Hidden = true
-
-	err := preauthkeysCmd.MarkPersistentFlagRequired("user")
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Fatal().Err(err).Msg("")
-	}
 	preauthkeysCmd.AddCommand(listPreAuthKeys)
 	preauthkeysCmd.AddCommand(createPreAuthKeyCmd)
 	preauthkeysCmd.AddCommand(expirePreAuthKeyCmd)
+	preauthkeysCmd.AddCommand(deletePreAuthKeyCmd)
 	createPreAuthKeyCmd.PersistentFlags().
 		Bool("reusable", false, "Make the preauthkey reusable")
 	createPreAuthKeyCmd.PersistentFlags().
@@ -42,6 +32,9 @@ func init() {
 		StringP("expiration", "e", DefaultPreAuthKeyExpiry, "Human-readable expiration of the key (e.g. 30m, 24h)")
 	createPreAuthKeyCmd.Flags().
 		StringSlice("tags", []string{}, "Tags to automatically assign to node")
+	createPreAuthKeyCmd.PersistentFlags().Uint64P("user", "u", 0, "User identifier (ID)")
+	expirePreAuthKeyCmd.PersistentFlags().Uint64P("id", "i", 0, "Authkey ID")
+	deletePreAuthKeyCmd.PersistentFlags().Uint64P("id", "i", 0, "Authkey ID")
 }
 
 var preauthkeysCmd = &cobra.Command{
@@ -52,25 +45,16 @@ var preauthkeysCmd = &cobra.Command{
 
 var listPreAuthKeys = &cobra.Command{
 	Use:     "list",
-	Short:   "List the preauthkeys for this user",
+	Short:   "List all preauthkeys",
 	Aliases: []string{"ls", "show"},
 	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
 		output, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("output")
 
-		user, err := cmd.Flags().GetUint64("user")
-		if err != nil {
-			ErrorOutput(err, fmt.Sprintf("Error getting user: %s", err), output)
-		}
-
 		ctx, client, conn, cancel := newHeadscaleCLIWithConfig()
 		defer cancel()
 		defer conn.Close()
 
-		request := &v1.ListPreAuthKeysRequest{
-			User: user,
-		}
-
-		response, err := client.ListPreAuthKeys(ctx, request)
+		response, err := client.ListPreAuthKeys(ctx, &v1.ListPreAuthKeysRequest{})
 		if err != nil {
 			ErrorOutput(
 				err,
@@ -88,13 +72,13 @@ var listPreAuthKeys = &cobra.Command{
 		tableData := pterm.TableData{
 			{
 				"ID",
-				"Key",
+				"Key/Prefix",
 				"Reusable",
 				"Ephemeral",
 				"Used",
 				"Expiration",
 				"Created",
-				"Tags",
+				"Owner",
 			},
 		}
 		for _, key := range response.GetPreAuthKeys() {
@@ -103,14 +87,15 @@ var listPreAuthKeys = &cobra.Command{
 				expiration = ColourTime(key.GetExpiration().AsTime())
 			}
 
-			aclTags := ""
-
-			for _, tag := range key.GetAclTags() {
-				aclTags += "," + tag
+			var owner string
+			if len(key.GetAclTags()) > 0 {
+				owner = strings.Join(key.GetAclTags(), "\n")
+			} else if key.GetUser() != nil {
+				owner = key.GetUser().GetName()
+			} else {
+				owner = "-"
 			}
 
-			aclTags = strings.TrimLeft(aclTags, ",")
-
 			tableData = append(tableData, []string{
 				strconv.FormatUint(key.GetId(), 10),
 				key.GetKey(),
@@ -119,7 +104,7 @@ var listPreAuthKeys = &cobra.Command{
 				strconv.FormatBool(key.GetUsed()),
 				expiration,
 				key.GetCreatedAt().AsTime().Format("2006-01-02 15:04:05"),
-				aclTags,
+				owner,
 			})
 
 		}
@@ -136,16 +121,12 @@ var listPreAuthKeys = &cobra.Command{
 
 var createPreAuthKeyCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Use:     "create",
-	Short:   "Creates a new preauthkey in the specified user",
+	Short:   "Creates a new preauthkey",
 	Aliases: []string{"c", "new"},
 	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
 		output, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("output")
 
-		user, err := cmd.Flags().GetUint64("user")
-		if err != nil {
-			ErrorOutput(err, fmt.Sprintf("Error getting user: %s", err), output)
-		}
-
+		user, _ := cmd.Flags().GetUint64("user")
 		reusable, _ := cmd.Flags().GetBool("reusable")
 		ephemeral, _ := cmd.Flags().GetBool("ephemeral")
 		tags, _ := cmd.Flags().GetStringSlice("tags")
@@ -194,21 +175,21 @@ var createPreAuthKeyCmd = &cobra.Command{
 }
 
 var expirePreAuthKeyCmd = &cobra.Command{
-	Use:     "expire KEY",
+	Use:     "expire",
 	Short:   "Expire a preauthkey",
 	Aliases: []string{"revoke", "exp", "e"},
-	Args: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-		if len(args) < 1 {
-			return errMissingParameter
-		}
-
-		return nil
-	},
 	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
 		output, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("output")
-		user, err := cmd.Flags().GetUint64("user")
-		if err != nil {
-			ErrorOutput(err, fmt.Sprintf("Error getting user: %s", err), output)
+		id, _ := cmd.Flags().GetUint64("id")
+
+		if id == 0 {
+			ErrorOutput(
+				errMissingParameter,
+				"Error: missing --id parameter",
+				output,
+			)
+
+			return
 		}
 
 		ctx, client, conn, cancel := newHeadscaleCLIWithConfig()
@@ -216,8 +197,7 @@ var expirePreAuthKeyCmd = &cobra.Command{
 		defer conn.Close()
 
 		request := &v1.ExpirePreAuthKeyRequest{
-			User: user,
-			Key:  args[0],
+			Id: id,
 		}
 
 		response, err := client.ExpirePreAuthKey(ctx, request)
@@ -232,3 +212,42 @@ var expirePreAuthKeyCmd = &cobra.Command{
 		SuccessOutput(response, "Key expired", output)
 	},
 }
+
+var deletePreAuthKeyCmd = &cobra.Command{
+	Use:     "delete",
+	Short:   "Delete a preauthkey",
+	Aliases: []string{"del", "rm", "d"},
+	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
+		output, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("output")
+		id, _ := cmd.Flags().GetUint64("id")
+
+		if id == 0 {
+			ErrorOutput(
+				errMissingParameter,
+				"Error: missing --id parameter",
+				output,
+			)
+
+			return
+		}
+
+		ctx, client, conn, cancel := newHeadscaleCLIWithConfig()
+		defer cancel()
+		defer conn.Close()
+
+		request := &v1.DeletePreAuthKeyRequest{
+			Id: id,
+		}
+
+		response, err := client.DeletePreAuthKey(ctx, request)
+		if err != nil {
+			ErrorOutput(
+				err,
+				fmt.Sprintf("Cannot delete Pre Auth Key: %s\n", err),
+				output,
+			)
+		}
+
+		SuccessOutput(response, "Key deleted", output)
+	},
+}

cmd/headscale/cli/utils.go

@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ func newHeadscaleCLIWithConfig() (context.Context, v1.HeadscaleServiceClient, *g
 	return ctx, client, conn, cancel
 }
 
-func output(result interface{}, override string, outputFormat string) string {
+func output(result any, override string, outputFormat string) string {
 	var jsonBytes []byte
 	var err error
 	switch outputFormat {
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ func output(result interface{}, override string, outputFormat string) string {
 }
 
 // SuccessOutput prints the result to stdout and exits with status code 0.
-func SuccessOutput(result interface{}, override string, outputFormat string) {
+func SuccessOutput(result any, override string, outputFormat string) {
 	fmt.Println(output(result, override, outputFormat))
 	os.Exit(0)
 }

cmd/headscale/headscale_test.go

@@ -9,34 +9,17 @@ import (
 	"github.com/juanfont/headscale/hscontrol/types"
 	"github.com/juanfont/headscale/hscontrol/util"
 	"github.com/spf13/viper"
-	"gopkg.in/check.v1"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )
 
-func Test(t *testing.T) {
-	check.TestingT(t)
-}
-
-var _ = check.Suite(&Suite{})
-
-type Suite struct{}
-
-func (s *Suite) SetUpSuite(c *check.C) {
-}
-
-func (s *Suite) TearDownSuite(c *check.C) {
-}
-
-func (*Suite) TestConfigFileLoading(c *check.C) {
+func TestConfigFileLoading(t *testing.T) {
 	tmpDir, err := os.MkdirTemp("", "headscale")
-	if err != nil {
-		c.Fatal(err)
-	}
+	require.NoError(t, err)
 	defer os.RemoveAll(tmpDir)
 
 	path, err := os.Getwd()
-	if err != nil {
-		c.Fatal(err)
-	}
+	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	cfgFile := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "config.yaml")
 
@@ -45,70 +28,54 @@ func (*Suite) TestConfigFileLoading(c *check.C) {
 		filepath.Clean(path+"/../../config-example.yaml"),
 		cfgFile,
 	)
-	if err != nil {
-		c.Fatal(err)
-	}
+	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	// Load example config, it should load without validation errors
 	err = types.LoadConfig(cfgFile, true)
-	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	// Test that config file was interpreted correctly
-	c.Assert(viper.GetString("server_url"), check.Equals, "http://127.0.0.1:8080")
-	c.Assert(viper.GetString("listen_addr"), check.Equals, "127.0.0.1:8080")
-	c.Assert(viper.GetString("metrics_listen_addr"), check.Equals, "127.0.0.1:9090")
-	c.Assert(viper.GetString("database.type"), check.Equals, "sqlite")
-	c.Assert(viper.GetString("database.sqlite.path"), check.Equals, "/var/lib/headscale/db.sqlite")
-	c.Assert(viper.GetString("tls_letsencrypt_hostname"), check.Equals, "")
-	c.Assert(viper.GetString("tls_letsencrypt_listen"), check.Equals, ":http")
-	c.Assert(viper.GetString("tls_letsencrypt_challenge_type"), check.Equals, "HTTP-01")
-	c.Assert(
-		util.GetFileMode("unix_socket_permission"),
-		check.Equals,
-		fs.FileMode(0o770),
-	)
-	c.Assert(viper.GetBool("logtail.enabled"), check.Equals, false)
+	assert.Equal(t, "http://127.0.0.1:8080", viper.GetString("server_url"))
+	assert.Equal(t, "127.0.0.1:8080", viper.GetString("listen_addr"))
+	assert.Equal(t, "127.0.0.1:9090", viper.GetString("metrics_listen_addr"))
+	assert.Equal(t, "sqlite", viper.GetString("database.type"))
+	assert.Equal(t, "/var/lib/headscale/db.sqlite", viper.GetString("database.sqlite.path"))
+	assert.Empty(t, viper.GetString("tls_letsencrypt_hostname"))
+	assert.Equal(t, ":http", viper.GetString("tls_letsencrypt_listen"))
+	assert.Equal(t, "HTTP-01", viper.GetString("tls_letsencrypt_challenge_type"))
+	assert.Equal(t, fs.FileMode(0o770), util.GetFileMode("unix_socket_permission"))
+	assert.False(t, viper.GetBool("logtail.enabled"))
 }
 
-func (*Suite) TestConfigLoading(c *check.C) {
+func TestConfigLoading(t *testing.T) {
 	tmpDir, err := os.MkdirTemp("", "headscale")
-	if err != nil {
-		c.Fatal(err)
-	}
+	require.NoError(t, err)
 	defer os.RemoveAll(tmpDir)
 
 	path, err := os.Getwd()
-	if err != nil {
-		c.Fatal(err)
-	}
+	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	// Symlink the example config file
 	err = os.Symlink(
 		filepath.Clean(path+"/../../config-example.yaml"),
 		filepath.Join(tmpDir, "config.yaml"),
 	)
-	if err != nil {
-		c.Fatal(err)
-	}
+	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	// Load example config, it should load without validation errors
 	err = types.LoadConfig(tmpDir, false)
-	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	// Test that config file was interpreted correctly
-	c.Assert(viper.GetString("server_url"), check.Equals, "http://127.0.0.1:8080")
-	c.Assert(viper.GetString("listen_addr"), check.Equals, "127.0.0.1:8080")
-	c.Assert(viper.GetString("metrics_listen_addr"), check.Equals, "127.0.0.1:9090")
-	c.Assert(viper.GetString("database.type"), check.Equals, "sqlite")
-	c.Assert(viper.GetString("database.sqlite.path"), check.Equals, "/var/lib/headscale/db.sqlite")
-	c.Assert(viper.GetString("tls_letsencrypt_hostname"), check.Equals, "")
-	c.Assert(viper.GetString("tls_letsencrypt_listen"), check.Equals, ":http")
-	c.Assert(viper.GetString("tls_letsencrypt_challenge_type"), check.Equals, "HTTP-01")
-	c.Assert(
-		util.GetFileMode("unix_socket_permission"),
-		check.Equals,
-		fs.FileMode(0o770),
-	)
-	c.Assert(viper.GetBool("logtail.enabled"), check.Equals, false)
-	c.Assert(viper.GetBool("randomize_client_port"), check.Equals, false)
+	assert.Equal(t, "http://127.0.0.1:8080", viper.GetString("server_url"))
+	assert.Equal(t, "127.0.0.1:8080", viper.GetString("listen_addr"))
+	assert.Equal(t, "127.0.0.1:9090", viper.GetString("metrics_listen_addr"))
+	assert.Equal(t, "sqlite", viper.GetString("database.type"))
+	assert.Equal(t, "/var/lib/headscale/db.sqlite", viper.GetString("database.sqlite.path"))
+	assert.Empty(t, viper.GetString("tls_letsencrypt_hostname"))
+	assert.Equal(t, ":http", viper.GetString("tls_letsencrypt_listen"))
+	assert.Equal(t, "HTTP-01", viper.GetString("tls_letsencrypt_challenge_type"))
+	assert.Equal(t, fs.FileMode(0o770), util.GetFileMode("unix_socket_permission"))
+	assert.False(t, viper.GetBool("logtail.enabled"))
+	assert.False(t, viper.GetBool("randomize_client_port"))
 }

cmd/hi/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+# hi
+
+hi (headscale integration runner) is an entirely "vibe coded" wrapper around our
+[integration test suite](../integration). It essentially runs the docker
+commands for you with some added benefits of extracting resources like logs and
+databases.

cmd/hi/cleanup.go

@@ -3,9 +3,13 @@ package main
 import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
+	"log"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
 
+	"github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v5"
 	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/container"
 	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/filters"
 	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/image"
@@ -14,9 +18,11 @@ import (
 )
 
 // cleanupBeforeTest performs cleanup operations before running tests.
+// Only removes stale (stopped/exited) test containers to avoid interfering with concurrent test runs.
 func cleanupBeforeTest(ctx context.Context) error {
-	if err := killTestContainers(ctx); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to kill test containers: %w", err)
+	err := cleanupStaleTestContainers(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to clean stale test containers: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	if err := pruneDockerNetworks(ctx); err != nil {
@@ -26,11 +32,25 @@ func cleanupBeforeTest(ctx context.Context) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-// cleanupAfterTest removes the test container after completion.
-func cleanupAfterTest(ctx context.Context, cli *client.Client, containerID string) error {
-	return cli.ContainerRemove(ctx, containerID, container.RemoveOptions{
+// cleanupAfterTest removes the test container and all associated integration test containers for the run.
+func cleanupAfterTest(ctx context.Context, cli *client.Client, containerID, runID string) error {
+	// Remove the main test container
+	err := cli.ContainerRemove(ctx, containerID, container.RemoveOptions{
 		Force: true,
 	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to remove test container: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Clean up integration test containers for this run only
+	if runID != "" {
+		err := killTestContainersByRunID(ctx, runID)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to clean up containers for run %s: %w", runID, err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
 }
 
 // killTestContainers terminates and removes all test containers.
@@ -83,30 +103,122 @@ func killTestContainers(ctx context.Context) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+// killTestContainersByRunID terminates and removes all test containers for a specific run ID.
+// This function filters containers by the hi.run-id label to only affect containers
+// belonging to the specified test run, leaving other concurrent test runs untouched.
+func killTestContainersByRunID(ctx context.Context, runID string) error {
+	cli, err := createDockerClient()
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create Docker client: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer cli.Close()
+
+	// Filter containers by hi.run-id label
+	containers, err := cli.ContainerList(ctx, container.ListOptions{
+		All: true,
+		Filters: filters.NewArgs(
+			filters.Arg("label", "hi.run-id="+runID),
+		),
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to list containers for run %s: %w", runID, err)
+	}
+
+	removed := 0
+
+	for _, cont := range containers {
+		// Kill the container if it's running
+		if cont.State == "running" {
+			_ = cli.ContainerKill(ctx, cont.ID, "KILL")
+		}
+
+		// Remove the container with retry logic
+		if removeContainerWithRetry(ctx, cli, cont.ID) {
+			removed++
+		}
+	}
+
+	if removed > 0 {
+		fmt.Printf("Removed %d containers for run ID %s\n", removed, runID)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// cleanupStaleTestContainers removes stopped/exited test containers without affecting running tests.
+// This is useful for cleaning up leftover containers from previous crashed or interrupted test runs
+// without interfering with currently running concurrent tests.
+func cleanupStaleTestContainers(ctx context.Context) error {
+	cli, err := createDockerClient()
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create Docker client: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer cli.Close()
+
+	// Only get stopped/exited containers
+	containers, err := cli.ContainerList(ctx, container.ListOptions{
+		All: true,
+		Filters: filters.NewArgs(
+			filters.Arg("status", "exited"),
+			filters.Arg("status", "dead"),
+		),
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to list stopped containers: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	removed := 0
+
+	for _, cont := range containers {
+		// Only remove containers that look like test containers
+		shouldRemove := false
+
+		for _, name := range cont.Names {
+			if strings.Contains(name, "headscale-test-suite") ||
+				strings.Contains(name, "hs-") ||
+				strings.Contains(name, "ts-") ||
+				strings.Contains(name, "derp-") {
+				shouldRemove = true
+				break
+			}
+		}
+
+		if shouldRemove {
+			if removeContainerWithRetry(ctx, cli, cont.ID) {
+				removed++
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	if removed > 0 {
+		fmt.Printf("Removed %d stale test containers\n", removed)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+const (
+	containerRemoveInitialInterval = 100 * time.Millisecond
+	containerRemoveMaxElapsedTime  = 2 * time.Second
+)
+
 // removeContainerWithRetry attempts to remove a container with exponential backoff retry logic.
 func removeContainerWithRetry(ctx context.Context, cli *client.Client, containerID string) bool {
-	maxRetries := 3
-	baseDelay := 100 * time.Millisecond
+	expBackoff := backoff.NewExponentialBackOff()
+	expBackoff.InitialInterval = containerRemoveInitialInterval
 
-	for attempt := range maxRetries {
+	_, err := backoff.Retry(ctx, func() (struct{}, error) {
 		err := cli.ContainerRemove(ctx, containerID, container.RemoveOptions{
 			Force: true,
 		})
-		if err == nil {
-			return true
+		if err != nil {
+			return struct{}{}, err
 		}
 
-		// If this is the last attempt, don't wait
-		if attempt == maxRetries-1 {
-			break
-		}
+		return struct{}{}, nil
+	}, backoff.WithBackOff(expBackoff), backoff.WithMaxElapsedTime(containerRemoveMaxElapsedTime))
 
-		// Wait with exponential backoff
-		delay := baseDelay * time.Duration(1<<attempt)
-		time.Sleep(delay)
-	}
-
-	return false
+	return err == nil
 }
 
 // pruneDockerNetworks removes unused Docker networks.
@@ -205,3 +317,110 @@ func cleanCacheVolume(ctx context.Context) error {
 
 	return nil
 }
+
+// cleanupSuccessfulTestArtifacts removes artifacts from successful test runs to save disk space.
+// This function removes large artifacts that are mainly useful for debugging failures:
+// - Database dumps (.db files)
+// - Profile data (pprof directories)
+// - MapResponse data (mapresponses directories)
+// - Prometheus metrics files
+//
+// It preserves:
+// - Log files (.log) which are small and useful for verification.
+func cleanupSuccessfulTestArtifacts(logsDir string, verbose bool) error {
+	entries, err := os.ReadDir(logsDir)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to read logs directory: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	var (
+		removedFiles, removedDirs int
+		totalSize                 int64
+	)
+
+	for _, entry := range entries {
+		name := entry.Name()
+		fullPath := filepath.Join(logsDir, name)
+
+		if entry.IsDir() {
+			// Remove pprof and mapresponses directories (typically large)
+			// These directories contain artifacts from all containers in the test run
+			if name == "pprof" || name == "mapresponses" {
+				size, sizeErr := getDirSize(fullPath)
+				if sizeErr == nil {
+					totalSize += size
+				}
+
+				err := os.RemoveAll(fullPath)
+				if err != nil {
+					if verbose {
+						log.Printf("Warning: failed to remove directory %s: %v", name, err)
+					}
+				} else {
+					removedDirs++
+
+					if verbose {
+						log.Printf("Removed directory: %s/", name)
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		} else {
+			// Only process test-related files (headscale and tailscale)
+			if !strings.HasPrefix(name, "hs-") && !strings.HasPrefix(name, "ts-") {
+				continue
+			}
+
+			// Remove database, metrics, and status files, but keep logs
+			shouldRemove := strings.HasSuffix(name, ".db") ||
+				strings.HasSuffix(name, "_metrics.txt") ||
+				strings.HasSuffix(name, "_status.json")
+
+			if shouldRemove {
+				info, infoErr := entry.Info()
+				if infoErr == nil {
+					totalSize += info.Size()
+				}
+
+				err := os.Remove(fullPath)
+				if err != nil {
+					if verbose {
+						log.Printf("Warning: failed to remove file %s: %v", name, err)
+					}
+				} else {
+					removedFiles++
+
+					if verbose {
+						log.Printf("Removed file: %s", name)
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	if removedFiles > 0 || removedDirs > 0 {
+		const bytesPerMB = 1024 * 1024
+		log.Printf("Cleaned up %d files and %d directories (freed ~%.2f MB)",
+			removedFiles, removedDirs, float64(totalSize)/bytesPerMB)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// getDirSize calculates the total size of a directory.
+func getDirSize(path string) (int64, error) {
+	var size int64
+
+	err := filepath.Walk(path, func(_ string, info os.FileInfo, err error) error {
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		if !info.IsDir() {
+			size += info.Size()
+		}
+
+		return nil
+	})
+
+	return size, err
+}

cmd/hi/docker.go

@@ -89,6 +89,9 @@ func runTestContainer(ctx context.Context, config *RunConfig) error {
 	}
 
 	log.Printf("Starting test: %s", config.TestPattern)
+	log.Printf("Run ID: %s", runID)
+	log.Printf("Monitor with: docker logs -f %s", containerName)
+	log.Printf("Logs directory: %s", logsDir)
 
 	// Start stats collection for container resource monitoring (if enabled)
 	var statsCollector *StatsCollector
@@ -149,11 +152,27 @@ func runTestContainer(ctx context.Context, config *RunConfig) error {
 	shouldCleanup := config.CleanAfter && (!config.KeepOnFailure || exitCode == 0)
 	if shouldCleanup {
 		if config.Verbose {
-			log.Printf("Running post-test cleanup...")
+			log.Printf("Running post-test cleanup for run %s...", runID)
 		}
-		if cleanErr := cleanupAfterTest(ctx, cli, resp.ID); cleanErr != nil && config.Verbose {
+
+		cleanErr := cleanupAfterTest(ctx, cli, resp.ID, runID)
+
+		if cleanErr != nil && config.Verbose {
 			log.Printf("Warning: post-test cleanup failed: %v", cleanErr)
 		}
+
+		// Clean up artifacts from successful tests to save disk space in CI
+		if exitCode == 0 {
+			if config.Verbose {
+				log.Printf("Test succeeded, cleaning up artifacts to save disk space...")
+			}
+
+			cleanErr := cleanupSuccessfulTestArtifacts(logsDir, config.Verbose)
+
+			if cleanErr != nil && config.Verbose {
+				log.Printf("Warning: artifact cleanup failed: %v", cleanErr)
+			}
+		}
 	}
 
 	if err != nil {
@@ -202,6 +221,28 @@ func createGoTestContainer(ctx context.Context, cli *client.Client, config *RunC
 		fmt.Sprintf("HEADSCALE_INTEGRATION_POSTGRES=%d", boolToInt(config.UsePostgres)),
 		"HEADSCALE_INTEGRATION_RUN_ID=" + runID,
 	}
+
+	// Pass through CI environment variable for CI detection
+	if ci := os.Getenv("CI"); ci != "" {
+		env = append(env, "CI="+ci)
+	}
+
+	// Pass through all HEADSCALE_INTEGRATION_* environment variables
+	for _, e := range os.Environ() {
+		if strings.HasPrefix(e, "HEADSCALE_INTEGRATION_") {
+			// Skip the ones we already set explicitly
+			if strings.HasPrefix(e, "HEADSCALE_INTEGRATION_POSTGRES=") ||
+				strings.HasPrefix(e, "HEADSCALE_INTEGRATION_RUN_ID=") {
+				continue
+			}
+
+			env = append(env, e)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Set GOCACHE to a known location (used by both bind mount and volume cases)
+	env = append(env, "GOCACHE=/cache/go-build")
+
 	containerConfig := &container.Config{
 		Image:      "golang:" + config.GoVersion,
 		Cmd:        goTestCmd,
@@ -221,20 +262,43 @@ func createGoTestContainer(ctx context.Context, cli *client.Client, config *RunC
 		log.Printf("Using Docker socket: %s", dockerSocketPath)
 	}
 
+	binds := []string{
+		fmt.Sprintf("%s:%s", projectRoot, projectRoot),
+		dockerSocketPath + ":/var/run/docker.sock",
+		logsDir + ":/tmp/control",
+	}
+
+	// Use bind mounts for Go cache if provided via environment variables,
+	// otherwise fall back to Docker volumes for local development
+	var mounts []mount.Mount
+
+	goCache := os.Getenv("HEADSCALE_INTEGRATION_GO_CACHE")
+	goBuildCache := os.Getenv("HEADSCALE_INTEGRATION_GO_BUILD_CACHE")
+
+	if goCache != "" {
+		binds = append(binds, goCache+":/go")
+	} else {
+		mounts = append(mounts, mount.Mount{
+			Type:   mount.TypeVolume,
+			Source: "hs-integration-go-cache",
+			Target: "/go",
+		})
+	}
+
+	if goBuildCache != "" {
+		binds = append(binds, goBuildCache+":/cache/go-build")
+	} else {
+		mounts = append(mounts, mount.Mount{
+			Type:   mount.TypeVolume,
+			Source: "hs-integration-go-build-cache",
+			Target: "/cache/go-build",
+		})
+	}
+
 	hostConfig := &container.HostConfig{
 		AutoRemove: false, // We'll remove manually for better control
-		Binds: []string{
-			fmt.Sprintf("%s:%s", projectRoot, projectRoot),
-			dockerSocketPath + ":/var/run/docker.sock",
-			logsDir + ":/tmp/control",
-		},
-		Mounts: []mount.Mount{
-			{
-				Type:   mount.TypeVolume,
-				Source: "hs-integration-go-cache",
-				Target: "/go",
-			},
-		},
+		Binds:      binds,
+		Mounts:     mounts,
 	}
 
 	return cli.ContainerCreate(ctx, containerConfig, hostConfig, nil, nil, containerName)
@@ -357,10 +421,10 @@ func boolToInt(b bool) int {
 
 // DockerContext represents Docker context information.
 type DockerContext struct {
-	Name      string                 `json:"Name"`
-	Metadata  map[string]interface{} `json:"Metadata"`
-	Endpoints map[string]interface{} `json:"Endpoints"`
-	Current   bool                   `json:"Current"`
+	Name      string         `json:"Name"`
+	Metadata  map[string]any `json:"Metadata"`
+	Endpoints map[string]any `json:"Endpoints"`
+	Current   bool           `json:"Current"`
 }
 
 // createDockerClient creates a Docker client with context detection.
@@ -375,7 +439,7 @@ func createDockerClient() (*client.Client, error) {
 
 	if contextInfo != nil {
 		if endpoints, ok := contextInfo.Endpoints["docker"]; ok {
-			if endpointMap, ok := endpoints.(map[string]interface{}); ok {
+			if endpointMap, ok := endpoints.(map[string]any); ok {
 				if host, ok := endpointMap["Host"].(string); ok {
 					if runConfig.Verbose {
 						log.Printf("Using Docker host from context '%s': %s", contextInfo.Name, host)
@@ -701,63 +765,3 @@ func extractContainerFiles(ctx context.Context, cli *client.Client, containerID,
 	// This function is kept for potential future use or other file types
 	return nil
 }
-
-// logExtractionError logs extraction errors with appropriate level based on error type.
-func logExtractionError(artifactType, containerName string, err error, verbose bool) {
-	if errors.Is(err, ErrFileNotFoundInTar) {
-		// File not found is expected and only logged in verbose mode
-		if verbose {
-			log.Printf("No %s found in container %s", artifactType, containerName)
-		}
-	} else {
-		// Other errors are actual failures and should be logged as warnings
-		log.Printf("Warning: failed to extract %s from %s: %v", artifactType, containerName, err)
-	}
-}
-
-// extractSingleFile copies a single file from a container.
-func extractSingleFile(ctx context.Context, cli *client.Client, containerID, sourcePath, fileName, logsDir string, verbose bool) error {
-	tarReader, _, err := cli.CopyFromContainer(ctx, containerID, sourcePath)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to copy %s from container: %w", sourcePath, err)
-	}
-	defer tarReader.Close()
-
-	// Extract the single file from the tar
-	filePath := filepath.Join(logsDir, fileName)
-	if err := extractFileFromTar(tarReader, filepath.Base(sourcePath), filePath); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to extract file from tar: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	if verbose {
-		log.Printf("Extracted %s from %s", fileName, containerID[:12])
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-// extractDirectory copies a directory from a container and extracts its contents.
-func extractDirectory(ctx context.Context, cli *client.Client, containerID, sourcePath, dirName, logsDir string, verbose bool) error {
-	tarReader, _, err := cli.CopyFromContainer(ctx, containerID, sourcePath)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to copy %s from container: %w", sourcePath, err)
-	}
-	defer tarReader.Close()
-
-	// Create target directory
-	targetDir := filepath.Join(logsDir, dirName)
-	if err := os.MkdirAll(targetDir, 0o755); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create directory %s: %w", targetDir, err)
-	}
-
-	// Extract the directory from the tar
-	if err := extractDirectoryFromTar(tarReader, targetDir); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to extract directory from tar: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	if verbose {
-		log.Printf("Extracted %s/ from %s", dirName, containerID[:12])
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}

cmd/hi/run.go

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ type RunConfig struct {
 	FailFast      bool          `flag:"failfast,default=true,Stop on first test failure"`
 	UsePostgres   bool          `flag:"postgres,default=false,Use PostgreSQL instead of SQLite"`
 	GoVersion     string        `flag:"go-version,Go version to use (auto-detected from go.mod)"`
-	CleanBefore   bool          `flag:"clean-before,default=true,Clean resources before test"`
+	CleanBefore   bool          `flag:"clean-before,default=true,Clean stale resources before test"`
 	CleanAfter    bool          `flag:"clean-after,default=true,Clean resources after test"`
 	KeepOnFailure bool          `flag:"keep-on-failure,default=false,Keep containers on test failure"`
 	LogsDir       string        `flag:"logs-dir,default=control_logs,Control logs directory"`

cmd/hi/tar_utils.go

@@ -1,105 +0,0 @@
-package main
-
-import (
-	"archive/tar"
-	"errors"
-	"fmt"
-	"io"
-	"os"
-	"path/filepath"
-	"strings"
-)
-
-// ErrFileNotFoundInTar indicates a file was not found in the tar archive.
-var ErrFileNotFoundInTar = errors.New("file not found in tar")
-
-// extractFileFromTar extracts a single file from a tar reader.
-func extractFileFromTar(tarReader io.Reader, fileName, outputPath string) error {
-	tr := tar.NewReader(tarReader)
-
-	for {
-		header, err := tr.Next()
-		if err == io.EOF {
-			break
-		}
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("failed to read tar header: %w", err)
-		}
-
-		// Check if this is the file we're looking for
-		if filepath.Base(header.Name) == fileName {
-			if header.Typeflag == tar.TypeReg {
-				// Create the output file
-				outFile, err := os.Create(outputPath)
-				if err != nil {
-					return fmt.Errorf("failed to create output file: %w", err)
-				}
-				defer outFile.Close()
-
-				// Copy file contents
-				if _, err := io.Copy(outFile, tr); err != nil {
-					return fmt.Errorf("failed to copy file contents: %w", err)
-				}
-
-				return nil
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", ErrFileNotFoundInTar, fileName)
-}
-
-// extractDirectoryFromTar extracts all files from a tar reader to a target directory.
-func extractDirectoryFromTar(tarReader io.Reader, targetDir string) error {
-	tr := tar.NewReader(tarReader)
-
-	for {
-		header, err := tr.Next()
-		if err == io.EOF {
-			break
-		}
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("failed to read tar header: %w", err)
-		}
-
-		// Clean the path to prevent directory traversal
-		cleanName := filepath.Clean(header.Name)
-		if strings.Contains(cleanName, "..") {
-			continue // Skip potentially dangerous paths
-		}
-
-		targetPath := filepath.Join(targetDir, cleanName)
-
-		switch header.Typeflag {
-		case tar.TypeDir:
-			// Create directory
-			if err := os.MkdirAll(targetPath, os.FileMode(header.Mode)); err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("failed to create directory %s: %w", targetPath, err)
-			}
-		case tar.TypeReg:
-			// Ensure parent directories exist
-			if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(targetPath), 0o755); err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("failed to create parent directories for %s: %w", targetPath, err)
-			}
-
-			// Create file
-			outFile, err := os.Create(targetPath)
-			if err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("failed to create file %s: %w", targetPath, err)
-			}
-
-			if _, err := io.Copy(outFile, tr); err != nil {
-				outFile.Close()
-				return fmt.Errorf("failed to copy file contents: %w", err)
-			}
-			outFile.Close()
-
-			// Set file permissions
-			if err := os.Chmod(targetPath, os.FileMode(header.Mode)); err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("failed to set file permissions: %w", err)
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}

config-example.yaml

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ listen_addr: 127.0.0.1:8080
 
 # Address to listen to /metrics and /debug, you may want
 # to keep this endpoint private to your internal network
+# Use an emty value to disable the metrics listener.
 metrics_listen_addr: 127.0.0.1:9090
 
 # Address to listen for gRPC.
@@ -361,6 +362,12 @@ unix_socket_permission: "0770"
 #   # required "openid" scope.
 #   scope: ["openid", "profile", "email"]
 #
+#   # Only verified email addresses are synchronized to the user profile by
+#   # default. Unverified emails may be allowed in case an identity provider
+#   # does not send the "email_verified: true" claim or email verification is
+#   # not required.
+#   email_verified_required: true
+#
 #   # Provide custom key/value pairs which get sent to the identity provider's
 #   # authorization endpoint.
 #   extra_params:
@@ -407,3 +414,23 @@ logtail:
 # default static port 41641. This option is intended as a workaround for some buggy
 # firewall devices. See https://tailscale.com/kb/1181/firewalls/ for more information.
 randomize_client_port: false
+
+# Taildrop configuration
+# Taildrop is the file sharing feature of Tailscale, allowing nodes to send files to each other.
+# https://tailscale.com/kb/1106/taildrop/
+taildrop:
+  # Enable or disable Taildrop for all nodes.
+  # When enabled, nodes can send files to other nodes owned by the same user.
+  # Tagged devices and cross-user transfers are not permitted by Tailscale clients.
+  enabled: true
+# Advanced performance tuning parameters.
+# The defaults are carefully chosen and should rarely need adjustment.
+# Only modify these if you have identified a specific performance issue.
+#
+# tuning:
+#   # NodeStore write batching configuration.
+#   # The NodeStore batches write operations before rebuilding peer relationships,
+#   # which is computationally expensive. Batching reduces rebuild frequency.
+#   #
+#   # node_store_batch_size: 100
+#   # node_store_batch_timeout: 500ms

derp-example.yaml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # If you plan to somehow use headscale, please deploy your own DERP infra: https://tailscale.com/kb/1118/custom-derp-servers/
 regions:
-  1: null   # Disable DERP region with ID 1
+  1: null # Disable DERP region with ID 1
   900:
     regionid: 900
     regioncode: custom

docs/about/faq.md

@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ indicates which part of the policy is invalid. Follow these steps to fix your po
 !!! warning "Full server configuration required"
 
     The above commands to get/set the policy require a complete server configuration file including database settings. A
-    minimal config to [control Headscale via remote CLI](../ref/remote-cli.md) is not sufficient. You may use `headscale
+    minimal config to [control Headscale via remote CLI](../ref/api.md#grpc) is not sufficient. You may use `headscale
     -c /path/to/config.yaml` to specify the path to an alternative configuration file.
 
 ## How can I avoid to send logs to Tailscale Inc?

docs/about/features.md

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ provides on overview of Headscale's feature and compatibility with the Tailscale
     - [x] [search domains](https://tailscale.com/kb/1054/dns#search-domains)
     - [x] [Extra DNS records (Headscale only)](../ref/dns.md#setting-extra-dns-records)
 - [x] [Taildrop (File Sharing)](https://tailscale.com/kb/1106/taildrop)
+- [x] [Tags](https://tailscale.com/kb/1068/tags)
 - [x] [Routes](../ref/routes.md)
     - [x] [Subnet routers](../ref/routes.md#subnet-router)
     - [x] [Exit nodes](../ref/routes.md#exit-node)

docs/assets/logo/headscale3-dots.svg

@@ -1 +1 @@
-<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xml:space="preserve" style="fill-rule:evenodd;clip-rule:evenodd;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-miterlimit:2" viewBox="0 0 1280 640"><circle cx="141.023" cy="338.36" r="117.472" style="fill:#f8b5cb" transform="matrix(.997276 0 0 1.00556 10.0024 -14.823)"/><circle cx="352.014" cy="268.302" r="33.095" style="fill:#a2a2a2" transform="matrix(1.01749 0 0 1 -3.15847 0)"/><circle cx="352.014" cy="268.302" r="33.095" style="fill:#a2a2a2" transform="matrix(1.01749 0 0 1 -3.15847 115.914)"/><circle cx="352.014" cy="268.302" r="33.095" style="fill:#a2a2a2" transform="matrix(1.01749 0 0 1 148.43 115.914)"/><circle cx="352.014" cy="268.302" r="33.095" style="fill:#a2a2a2" transform="matrix(1.01749 0 0 1 148.851 0)"/><circle cx="805.557" cy="336.915" r="118.199" style="fill:#8d8d8d" transform="matrix(.99196 0 0 1 3.36978 -10.2458)"/><circle cx="805.557" cy="336.915" r="118.199" style="fill:#8d8d8d" transform="matrix(.99196 0 0 1 255.633 -10.2458)"/><path d="M680.282 124.808h-68.093v390.325h68.081v-28.23H640V153.228h40.282v-28.42Z" style="fill:#303030"/><path d="M680.282 124.808h-68.093v390.325h68.081v-28.23H640V153.228h40.282v-28.42Z" style="fill:#303030" transform="matrix(-1 0 0 1 1857.19 0)"/></svg>
+<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xml:space="preserve" style="fill-rule:evenodd;clip-rule:evenodd;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-miterlimit:2" viewBox="0 0 1280 640"><circle cx="141.023" cy="338.36" r="117.472" style="fill:#f8b5cb" transform="matrix(.997276 0 0 1.00556 10.0024 -14.823)"/><circle cx="352.014" cy="268.302" r="33.095" style="fill:#a2a2a2" transform="matrix(1.01749 0 0 1 -3.15847 0)"/><circle cx="352.014" cy="268.302" r="33.095" style="fill:#a2a2a2" transform="matrix(1.01749 0 0 1 -3.15847 115.914)"/><circle cx="352.014" cy="268.302" r="33.095" style="fill:#a2a2a2" transform="matrix(1.01749 0 0 1 148.43 115.914)"/><circle cx="352.014" cy="268.302" r="33.095" style="fill:#a2a2a2" transform="matrix(1.01749 0 0 1 148.851 0)"/><circle cx="805.557" cy="336.915" r="118.199" style="fill:#8d8d8d" transform="matrix(.99196 0 0 1 3.36978 -10.2458)"/><circle cx="805.557" cy="336.915" r="118.199" style="fill:#8d8d8d" transform="matrix(.99196 0 0 1 255.633 -10.2458)"/><path d="M680.282 124.808h-68.093v390.325h68.081v-28.23H640V153.228h40.282v-28.42Z" style="fill:#303030"/><path d="M680.282 124.808h-68.093v390.325h68.081v-28.23H640V153.228h40.282v-28.42Z" style="fill:#303030" transform="matrix(-1 0 0 1 1857.19 0)"/></svg>

docs/ref/acls.md

@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ servers.
 - billing.internal
 - router.internal
 
-![ACL implementation example](../images/headscale-acl-network.png)
+![ACL implementation example](../assets/images/headscale-acl-network.png)
 
 When [registering the servers](../usage/getting-started.md#register-a-node) we
 will need to add the flag `--advertise-tags=tag:<tag1>,tag:<tag2>`, and the user
@@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ Allows access to the internet through [exit nodes](routes.md#exit-node). Can onl
 
 ### `autogroup:member`
 
-Includes all users who are direct members of the tailnet. Does not include users from shared devices.
+Includes all untagged devices.
 
 ```json
 {

docs/ref/api.md

@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+# API
+Headscale provides a [HTTP REST API](#rest-api) and a [gRPC interface](#grpc) which may be used to integrate a [web
+interface](integration/web-ui.md), [remote control Headscale](#setup-remote-control) or provide a base for custom
+integration and tooling.
+
+Both interfaces require a valid API key before use. To create an API key, log into your Headscale server and generate
+one with the default expiration of 90 days:
+
+```shell
+headscale apikeys create
+```
+
+Copy the output of the command and save it for later. Please note that you can not retrieve an API key again. If the API
+key is lost, expire the old one, and create a new one.
+
+To list the API keys currently associated with the server:
+
+```shell
+headscale apikeys list
+```
+
+and to expire an API key:
+
+```shell
+headscale apikeys expire --prefix <PREFIX>
+```
+
+## REST API
+
+- API endpoint: `/api/v1`, e.g. `https://headscale.example.com/api/v1`
+- Documentation: `/swagger`, e.g. `https://headscale.example.com/swagger`
+- Headscale Version: `/version`, e.g. `https://headscale.example.com/version`
+- Authenticate using HTTP Bearer authentication by sending the [API key](#api) with the HTTP `Authorization: Bearer
+  <API_KEY>` header.
+
+Start by [creating an API key](#api) and test it with the examples below. Read the API documentation provided by your
+Headscale server at `/swagger` for details.
+
+=== "Get details for all users"
+
+    ```console
+    curl -H "Authorization: Bearer <API_KEY>" \
+        https://headscale.example.com/api/v1/user
+    ```
+
+=== "Get details for user 'bob'"
+
+    ```console
+    curl -H "Authorization: Bearer <API_KEY>" \
+        https://headscale.example.com/api/v1/user?name=bob
+    ```
+
+=== "Register a node"
+
+    ```console
+    curl -H "Authorization: Bearer <API_KEY>" \
+        -d user=<USER> -d key=<KEY> \
+        https://headscale.example.com/api/v1/node/register
+    ```
+
+## gRPC
+
+The gRPC interface can be used to control a Headscale instance from a remote machine with the `headscale` binary.
+
+### Prerequisite
+
+- A workstation to run `headscale` (any supported platform, e.g. Linux).
+- A Headscale server with gRPC enabled.
+- Connections to the gRPC port (default: `50443`) are allowed.
+- Remote access requires an encrypted connection via TLS.
+- An [API key](#api) to authenticate with the Headscale server.
+
+### Setup remote control
+
+1.  Download the [`headscale` binary from GitHub's release page](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/releases). Make
+    sure to use the same version as on the server.
+
+1.  Put the binary somewhere in your `PATH`, e.g. `/usr/local/bin/headscale`
+
+1.  Make `headscale` executable: `chmod +x /usr/local/bin/headscale`
+
+1.  [Create an API key](#api) on the Headscale server.
+
+1.  Provide the connection parameters for the remote Headscale server either via a minimal YAML configuration file or
+    via environment variables:
+
+    === "Minimal YAML configuration file"
+
+        ```yaml title="config.yaml"
+        cli:
+            address: <HEADSCALE_ADDRESS>:<PORT>
+            api_key: <API_KEY>
+        ```
+
+    === "Environment variables"
+
+        ```shell
+        export HEADSCALE_CLI_ADDRESS="<HEADSCALE_ADDRESS>:<PORT>"
+        export HEADSCALE_CLI_API_KEY="<API_KEY>"
+        ```
+
+    This instructs the `headscale` binary to connect to a remote instance at `<HEADSCALE_ADDRESS>:<PORT>`, instead of
+    connecting to the local instance.
+
+1.  Test the connection by listing all nodes:
+
+    ```shell
+    headscale nodes list
+    ```
+
+    You should now be able to see a list of your nodes from your workstation, and you can
+    now control the Headscale server from your workstation.
+
+### Behind a proxy
+
+It's possible to run the gRPC remote endpoint behind a reverse proxy, like Nginx, and have it run on the _same_ port as Headscale.
+
+While this is _not a supported_ feature, an example on how this can be set up on
+[NixOS is shown here](https://github.com/kradalby/dotfiles/blob/4489cdbb19cddfbfae82cd70448a38fde5a76711/machines/headscale.oracldn/headscale.nix#L61-L91).
+
+### Troubleshooting
+
+- Make sure you have the _same_ Headscale version on your server and workstation.
+- Ensure that connections to the gRPC port are allowed.
+- Verify that your TLS certificate is valid and trusted.
+- If you don't have access to a trusted certificate (e.g. from Let's Encrypt), either:
+    - Add your self-signed certificate to the trust store of your OS _or_
+    - Disable certificate verification by either setting `cli.insecure: true` in the configuration file or by setting
+      `HEADSCALE_CLI_INSECURE=1` via an environment variable. We do **not** recommend to disable certificate validation.

docs/ref/debug.md

@@ -64,6 +64,9 @@ Headscale provides a metrics and debug endpoint. It allows to introspect differe
 
     Keep the metrics and debug endpoint private to your internal network and don't expose it to the Internet.
 
+    The metrics and debug interface can be disabled completely by setting `metrics_listen_addr: null` in the
+    [configuration file](./configuration.md).
+
 Query metrics via <http://localhost:9090/metrics> and get an overview of available debug information via
 <http://localhost:9090/debug/>. Metrics may be queried from outside localhost but the debug interface is subject to
 additional protection despite listening on all interfaces.

docs/ref/integration/tools.md

@@ -7,10 +7,16 @@
 
 This page collects third-party tools, client libraries, and scripts related to headscale.
 
-| Name                  | Repository Link                                                 | Description                                                          |
-| --------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------- |
-| tailscale-manager     | [Github](https://github.com/singlestore-labs/tailscale-manager) | Dynamically manage Tailscale route advertisements                    |
-| headscalebacktosqlite | [Github](https://github.com/bigbozza/headscalebacktosqlite)     | Migrate headscale from PostgreSQL back to SQLite                     |
-| headscale-pf          | [Github](https://github.com/YouSysAdmin/headscale-pf)           | Populates user groups based on user groups in Jumpcloud or Authentik |
-| headscale-client-go   | [Github](https://github.com/hibare/headscale-client-go)         | A Go client implementation for the Headscale HTTP API.               |
-| headscale-zabbix      | [Github](https://github.com/dblanque/headscale-zabbix)          | A Zabbix Monitoring Template for the Headscale Service.              |
+- [headscale-operator](https://github.com/infradohq/headscale-operator) - Headscale Kubernetes Operator
+- [tailscale-manager](https://github.com/singlestore-labs/tailscale-manager) - Dynamically manage Tailscale route
+  advertisements
+- [headscalebacktosqlite](https://github.com/bigbozza/headscalebacktosqlite) - Migrate headscale from PostgreSQL back to
+  SQLite
+- [headscale-pf](https://github.com/YouSysAdmin/headscale-pf) - Populates user groups based on user groups in Jumpcloud
+  or Authentik
+- [headscale-client-go](https://github.com/hibare/headscale-client-go) - A Go client implementation for the Headscale
+  HTTP API.
+- [headscale-zabbix](https://github.com/dblanque/headscale-zabbix) - A Zabbix Monitoring Template for the Headscale
+  Service.
+- [tailscale-exporter](https://github.com/adinhodovic/tailscale-exporter) - A Prometheus exporter for Headscale that
+  provides network-level metrics using the Headscale API.

docs/ref/integration/web-ui.md

@@ -7,14 +7,18 @@
 
 Headscale doesn't provide a built-in web interface but users may pick one from the available options.
 
-| Name                   | Repository Link                                             | Description                                                                                  |
-| ---------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
-| headscale-ui           | [Github](https://github.com/gurucomputing/headscale-ui)     | A web frontend for the headscale Tailscale-compatible coordination server                    |
-| HeadscaleUi            | [GitHub](https://github.com/simcu/headscale-ui)             | A static headscale admin ui, no backend environment required                                 |
-| Headplane              | [GitHub](https://github.com/tale/headplane)                 | An advanced Tailscale inspired frontend for headscale                                        |
-| headscale-admin        | [Github](https://github.com/GoodiesHQ/headscale-admin)      | Headscale-Admin is meant to be a simple, modern web interface for headscale                  |
-| ouroboros              | [Github](https://github.com/yellowsink/ouroboros)           | Ouroboros is designed for users to manage their own devices, rather than for admins          |
-| unraid-headscale-admin | [Github](https://github.com/ich777/unraid-headscale-admin)  | A simple headscale admin UI for Unraid, it offers Local (`docker exec`) and API Mode         |
-| headscale-console      | [Github](https://github.com/rickli-cloud/headscale-console) | WebAssembly-based client supporting SSH, VNC and RDP with optional self-service capabilities |
+- [headscale-ui](https://github.com/gurucomputing/headscale-ui) - A web frontend for the headscale Tailscale-compatible
+  coordination server
+- [HeadscaleUi](https://github.com/simcu/headscale-ui) - A static headscale admin ui, no backend environment required
+- [Headplane](https://github.com/tale/headplane) - An advanced Tailscale inspired frontend for headscale
+- [headscale-admin](https://github.com/GoodiesHQ/headscale-admin) - Headscale-Admin is meant to be a simple, modern web
+  interface for headscale
+- [ouroboros](https://github.com/yellowsink/ouroboros) - Ouroboros is designed for users to manage their own devices,
+  rather than for admins
+- [unraid-headscale-admin](https://github.com/ich777/unraid-headscale-admin) - A simple headscale admin UI for Unraid,
+  it offers Local (`docker exec`) and API Mode
+- [headscale-console](https://github.com/rickli-cloud/headscale-console) - WebAssembly-based client supporting SSH, VNC
+  and RDP with optional self-service capabilities
+- [headscale-piying](https://github.com/wszgrcy/headscale-piying) - headscale web ui,support visual ACL configuration
 
 You can ask for support on our [Discord server](https://discord.gg/c84AZQhmpx) in the "web-interfaces" channel.

docs/ref/oidc.md

@@ -77,6 +77,7 @@ are configured, a user needs to pass all of them.
 
     * Check the email domain of each authenticating user against the list of allowed domains and only authorize users
       whose email domain matches `example.com`.
+    * A verified email address is required [unless email verification is disabled](#control-email-verification).
     * Access allowed: `alice@example.com`
     * Access denied: `bob@example.net`
 
@@ -93,6 +94,7 @@ are configured, a user needs to pass all of them.
 
     * Check the email address of each authenticating user against the list of allowed email addresses and only authorize
       users whose email is part of the `allowed_users` list.
+    * A verified email address is required [unless email verification is disabled](#control-email-verification).
     * Access allowed: `alice@example.com`, `bob@example.net`
     * Access denied: `mallory@example.net`
 
@@ -123,6 +125,23 @@ are configured, a user needs to pass all of them.
         - "headscale_users"
     ```
 
+### Control email verification
+
+Headscale uses the `email` claim from the identity provider to synchronize the email address to its user profile. By
+default, a user's email address is only synchronized when the identity provider reports the email address as verified
+via the `email_verified: true` claim.
+
+Unverified emails may be allowed in case an identity provider does not send the `email_verified` claim or email
+verification is not required. In that case, a user's email address is always synchronized to the user profile.
+
+```yaml hl_lines="5"
+oidc:
+  issuer: "https://sso.example.com"
+  client_id: "headscale"
+  client_secret: "generated-secret"
+  email_verified_required: false
+```
+
 ### Customize node expiration
 
 The node expiration is the amount of time a node is authenticated with OpenID Connect until it expires and needs to
@@ -189,7 +208,7 @@ endpoint.
 
 | Headscale profile   | OIDC claim           | Notes / examples                                                                                  |
 | ------------------- | -------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
-| email address       | `email`              | Only used when `email_verified: true`                                                             |
+| email address       | `email`              | Only verified emails are synchronized, unless `email_verified_required: false` is configured      |
 | display name        | `name`               | eg: `Sam Smith`                                                                                   |
 | username            | `preferred_username` | Depends on identity provider, eg: `ssmith`, `ssmith@idp.example.com`, `\\example.com\ssmith`      |
 | profile picture     | `picture`            | URL to a profile picture or avatar                                                                |
@@ -205,8 +224,6 @@ endpoint.
     - The username must be at least two characters long.
     - It must only contain letters, digits, hyphens, dots, underscores, and up to a single `@`.
     - The username must start with a letter.
-- A user's email address is only synchronized to the local user profile when the identity provider marks the email
-  address as verified (`email_verified: true`).
 
 Please see the [GitHub label "OIDC"](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/labels/OIDC) for OIDC related issues.
 
@@ -305,5 +322,13 @@ Entra ID is: `https://login.microsoftonline.com/<tenant-UUID>/v2.0`. The followi
 - `domain_hint: example.com` to use your own domain
 - `prompt: select_account` to force an account picker during login
 
-Groups for the [allowed groups filter](#authorize-users-with-filters) need to be specified with their group ID instead
+When using Microsoft Entra ID together with the [allowed groups filter](#authorize-users-with-filters), configure the
+Headscale OIDC scope without the `groups` claim, for example:
+
+```yaml
+oidc:
+  scope: ["openid", "profile", "email"]
+```
+
+Groups for the [allowed groups filter](#authorize-users-with-filters) need to be specified with their group ID(UUID) instead
 of the group name.

docs/ref/remote-cli.md

@@ -1,99 +0,0 @@
-# Controlling headscale with remote CLI
-
-This documentation has the goal of showing a user how-to control a headscale instance
-from a remote machine with the `headscale` command line binary.
-
-## Prerequisite
-
-- A workstation to run `headscale` (any supported platform, e.g. Linux).
-- A headscale server with gRPC enabled.
-- Connections to the gRPC port (default: `50443`) are allowed.
-- Remote access requires an encrypted connection via TLS.
-- An API key to authenticate with the headscale server.
-
-## Create an API key
-
-We need to create an API key to authenticate with the remote headscale server when using it from our workstation.
-
-To create an API key, log into your headscale server and generate a key:
-
-```shell
-headscale apikeys create --expiration 90d
-```
-
-Copy the output of the command and save it for later. Please note that you can not retrieve a key again,
-if the key is lost, expire the old one, and create a new key.
-
-To list the keys currently associated with the server:
-
-```shell
-headscale apikeys list
-```
-
-and to expire a key:
-
-```shell
-headscale apikeys expire --prefix "<PREFIX>"
-```
-
-## Download and configure headscale
-
-1.  Download the [`headscale` binary from GitHub's release page](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/releases). Make
-    sure to use the same version as on the server.
-
-1.  Put the binary somewhere in your `PATH`, e.g. `/usr/local/bin/headscale`
-
-1.  Make `headscale` executable:
-
-    ```shell
-    chmod +x /usr/local/bin/headscale
-    ```
-
-1.  Provide the connection parameters for the remote headscale server either via a minimal YAML configuration file or via
-    environment variables:
-
-    === "Minimal YAML configuration file"
-
-        ```yaml title="config.yaml"
-        cli:
-            address: <HEADSCALE_ADDRESS>:<PORT>
-            api_key: <API_KEY_FROM_PREVIOUS_STEP>
-        ```
-
-    === "Environment variables"
-
-        ```shell
-        export HEADSCALE_CLI_ADDRESS="<HEADSCALE_ADDRESS>:<PORT>"
-        export HEADSCALE_CLI_API_KEY="<API_KEY_FROM_PREVIOUS_STEP>"
-        ```
-
-    This instructs the `headscale` binary to connect to a remote instance at `<HEADSCALE_ADDRESS>:<PORT>`, instead of
-    connecting to the local instance.
-
-1.  Test the connection
-
-    Let us run the headscale command to verify that we can connect by listing our nodes:
-
-    ```shell
-    headscale nodes list
-    ```
-
-    You should now be able to see a list of your nodes from your workstation, and you can
-    now control the headscale server from your workstation.
-
-## Behind a proxy
-
-It is possible to run the gRPC remote endpoint behind a reverse proxy, like Nginx, and have it run on the _same_ port as headscale.
-
-While this is _not a supported_ feature, an example on how this can be set up on
-[NixOS is shown here](https://github.com/kradalby/dotfiles/blob/4489cdbb19cddfbfae82cd70448a38fde5a76711/machines/headscale.oracldn/headscale.nix#L61-L91).
-
-## Troubleshooting
-
-- Make sure you have the _same_ headscale version on your server and workstation.
-- Ensure that connections to the gRPC port are allowed.
-- Verify that your TLS certificate is valid and trusted.
-- If you don't have access to a trusted certificate (e.g. from Let's Encrypt), either:
-    - Add your self-signed certificate to the trust store of your OS _or_
-    - Disable certificate verification by either setting `cli.insecure: true` in the configuration file or by setting
-      `HEADSCALE_CLI_INSECURE=1` via an environment variable. We do **not** recommend to disable certificate validation.

docs/ref/routes.md

@@ -42,8 +42,9 @@ can be used.
 
 ```console
 $ headscale nodes list-routes
-ID | Hostname | Approved | Available                  | Serving (Primary)
-1  | myrouter |          | 10.0.0.0/8, 192.168.0.0/24 |
+ID | Hostname | Approved | Available      | Serving (Primary)
+1  | myrouter |          | 10.0.0.0/8     |
+   |          |          | 192.168.0.0/24 |
 ```
 
 Approve all desired routes of a subnet router by specifying them as comma separated list:
@@ -57,8 +58,9 @@ The node `myrouter` can now route the IPv4 networks `10.0.0.0/8` and `192.168.0.
 
 ```console
 $ headscale nodes list-routes
-ID | Hostname | Approved                   | Available                  | Serving (Primary)
-1  | myrouter | 10.0.0.0/8, 192.168.0.0/24 | 10.0.0.0/8, 192.168.0.0/24 | 10.0.0.0/8, 192.168.0.0/24
+ID | Hostname | Approved       | Available      | Serving (Primary)
+1  | myrouter | 10.0.0.0/8     | 10.0.0.0/8     | 10.0.0.0/8
+   |          | 192.168.0.0/24 | 192.168.0.0/24 | 192.168.0.0/24
 ```
 
 #### Use the subnet router
@@ -109,9 +111,9 @@ approval of routes served with a subnet router.
 
 The ACL snippet below defines the tag `tag:router` owned by the user `alice`. This tag is used for `routes` in the
 `autoApprovers` section. The IPv4 route `192.168.0.0/24` is automatically approved once announced by a subnet router
-owned by the user `alice` and that also advertises the tag `tag:router`.
+that advertises the tag `tag:router`.
 
-```json title="Subnet routers owned by alice and tagged with tag:router are automatically approved"
+```json title="Subnet routers tagged with tag:router are automatically approved"
 {
   "tagOwners": {
     "tag:router": ["alice@"]
@@ -168,8 +170,9 @@ available, but needs to be approved:
 
 ```console
 $ headscale nodes list-routes
-ID | Hostname | Approved | Available       | Serving (Primary)
-1  | myexit   |          | 0.0.0.0/0, ::/0 |
+ID | Hostname | Approved | Available | Serving (Primary)
+1  | myexit   |          | 0.0.0.0/0 |
+   |          |          | ::/0      |
 ```
 
 For exit nodes, it is sufficient to approve either the IPv4 or IPv6 route. The other will be approved automatically.
@@ -183,8 +186,9 @@ The node `myexit` is now approved as exit node for the tailnet:
 
 ```console
 $ headscale nodes list-routes
-ID | Hostname | Approved        | Available       | Serving (Primary)
-1  | myexit   | 0.0.0.0/0, ::/0 | 0.0.0.0/0, ::/0 | 0.0.0.0/0, ::/0
+ID | Hostname | Approved  | Available | Serving (Primary)
+1  | myexit   | 0.0.0.0/0 | 0.0.0.0/0 | 0.0.0.0/0
+   |          | ::/0      | ::/0      | ::/0
 ```
 
 #### Use the exit node
@@ -256,10 +260,9 @@ in a tailnet. Headscale supports the `autoApprovers` section of an ACL to automa
 soon as it joins the tailnet.
 
 The ACL snippet below defines the tag `tag:exit` owned by the user `alice`. This tag is used for `exitNode` in the
-`autoApprovers` section. A new exit node which is owned by the user `alice` and that also advertises the tag `tag:exit`
-is automatically approved:
+`autoApprovers` section. A new exit node that advertises the tag `tag:exit` is automatically approved:
 
-```json title="Exit nodes owned by alice and tagged with tag:exit are automatically approved"
+```json title="Exit nodes tagged with tag:exit are automatically approved"
 {
   "tagOwners": {
     "tag:exit": ["alice@"]

docs/setup/install/container.md

@@ -18,10 +18,10 @@ Registry](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pkgs/container/headscale). The c
 
 ## Configure and run headscale
 
-1.  Create a directory on the Docker host to store headscale's [configuration](../../ref/configuration.md) and the [SQLite](https://www.sqlite.org/) database:
+1.  Create a directory on the container host to store headscale's [configuration](../../ref/configuration.md) and the [SQLite](https://www.sqlite.org/) database:
 
     ```shell
-    mkdir -p ./headscale/{config,lib,run}
+    mkdir -p ./headscale/{config,lib}
     cd ./headscale
     ```
 
@@ -34,9 +34,10 @@ Registry](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pkgs/container/headscale). The c
     docker run \
       --name headscale \
       --detach \
-      --volume "$(pwd)/config:/etc/headscale" \
+      --read-only \
+      --tmpfs /var/run/headscale \
+      --volume "$(pwd)/config:/etc/headscale:ro" \
       --volume "$(pwd)/lib:/var/lib/headscale" \
-      --volume "$(pwd)/run:/var/run/headscale" \
       --publish 127.0.0.1:8080:8080 \
       --publish 127.0.0.1:9090:9090 \
       --health-cmd "CMD headscale health" \
@@ -57,15 +58,17 @@ Registry](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pkgs/container/headscale). The c
         image: docker.io/headscale/headscale:<VERSION>
         restart: unless-stopped
         container_name: headscale
+        read_only: true
+        tmpfs:
+          - /var/run/headscale
         ports:
           - "127.0.0.1:8080:8080"
           - "127.0.0.1:9090:9090"
         volumes:
           # Please set <HEADSCALE_PATH> to the absolute path
           # of the previously created headscale directory.
-          - <HEADSCALE_PATH>/config:/etc/headscale
+          - <HEADSCALE_PATH>/config:/etc/headscale:ro
           - <HEADSCALE_PATH>/lib:/var/lib/headscale
-          - <HEADSCALE_PATH>/run:/var/run/headscale
         command: serve
         healthcheck:
             test: ["CMD", "headscale", "health"]
@@ -88,45 +91,10 @@ Registry](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pkgs/container/headscale). The c
     Verify headscale is available:
 
     ```shell
-    curl http://127.0.0.1:9090/metrics
+    curl http://127.0.0.1:8080/health
     ```
 
-1.  Create a headscale user:
-
-    ```shell
-    docker exec -it headscale \
-      headscale users create myfirstuser
-    ```
-
-### Register a machine (normal login)
-
-On a client machine, execute the `tailscale up` command to login:
-
-```shell
-tailscale up --login-server YOUR_HEADSCALE_URL
-```
-
-To register a machine when running headscale in a container, take the headscale command and pass it to the container:
-
-```shell
-docker exec -it headscale \
-  headscale nodes register --user myfirstuser --key <YOUR_MACHINE_KEY>
-```
-
-### Register a machine using a pre authenticated key
-
-Generate a key using the command line for the user with ID 1:
-
-```shell
-docker exec -it headscale \
-  headscale preauthkeys create --user 1 --reusable --expiration 24h
-```
-
-This will return a pre-authenticated key that can be used to connect a node to headscale with the `tailscale up` command:
-
-```shell
-tailscale up --login-server <YOUR_HEADSCALE_URL> --authkey <YOUR_AUTH_KEY>
-```
+Continue on the [getting started page](../../usage/getting-started.md) to register your first machine.
 
 ## Debugging headscale running in Docker
 

docs/setup/install/official.md

@@ -42,6 +42,8 @@ distributions are Ubuntu 22.04 or newer, Debian 12 or newer.
     sudo systemctl status headscale
     ```
 
+Continue on the [getting started page](../../usage/getting-started.md) to register your first machine.
+
 ## Using standalone binaries (advanced)
 
 !!! warning "Advanced"
@@ -115,3 +117,5 @@ managed by systemd.
     ```shell
     systemctl status headscale
     ```
+
+Continue on the [getting started page](../../usage/getting-started.md) to register your first machine.

docs/setup/requirements.md

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ The ports in use vary with the intended scenario and enabled features. Some of t
     - STUN, required if the [embedded DERP server](../ref/derp.md) is enabled
 - tcp/50443
     - Expose publicly: yes
-    - Only required if the gRPC interface is used to [remote-control Headscale](../ref/remote-cli.md).
+    - Only required if the gRPC interface is used to [remote-control Headscale](../ref/api.md#grpc).
 - tcp/9090
     - Expose publicly: no
     - [Metrics and debug endpoint](../ref/debug.md#metrics-and-debug-endpoint)

docs/usage/getting-started.md

@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@ This page helps you get started with headscale and provides a few usage examples
       installation instructions.
     * The configuration file exists and is adjusted to suit your environment, see
       [Configuration](../ref/configuration.md) for details.
-    * Headscale is reachable from the Internet. Verify this by opening client specific setup instructions in your
-      browser, e.g. https://headscale.example.com/windows
+    * Headscale is reachable from the Internet. Verify this by visiting the health endpoint:
+      https://headscale.example.com/health
     * The Tailscale client is installed, see [Client and operating system support](../about/clients.md) for more
       information.
 
@@ -41,6 +41,23 @@ options, run:
       headscale <COMMAND> --help
     ```
 
+!!! note "Manage headscale from another local user"
+
+    By default only the user `headscale` or `root` will have the necessary permissions to access the unix socket
+    (`/var/run/headscale/headscale.sock`) that is used to communicate with the service. In order to be able to
+    communicate with the headscale service you have to make sure the unix socket is accessible by the user that runs
+    the commands. In general you can achieve this by any of the following methods:
+
+      * using `sudo`
+      * run the commands as user `headscale`
+      * add your user to the `headscale` group
+
+    To verify you can run the following command using your preferred method:
+
+    ```shell
+    headscale users list
+    ```
+
 ## Manage headscale users
 
 In headscale, a node (also known as machine or device) is always assigned to a

flake.lock

@@ -20,11 +20,11 @@
     },
     "nixpkgs": {
       "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1760533177,
-        "narHash": "sha256-OwM1sFustLHx+xmTymhucZuNhtq98fHIbfO8Swm5L8A=",
+        "lastModified": 1768875095,
+        "narHash": "sha256-dYP3DjiL7oIiiq3H65tGIXXIT1Waiadmv93JS0sS+8A=",
         "owner": "NixOS",
         "repo": "nixpkgs",
-        "rev": "35f590344ff791e6b1d6d6b8f3523467c9217caf",
+        "rev": "ed142ab1b3a092c4d149245d0c4126a5d7ea00b0",
         "type": "github"
       },
       "original": {

flake.nix

@@ -6,239 +6,232 @@
     flake-utils.url = "github:numtide/flake-utils";
   };
 
-  outputs = {
-    self,
-    nixpkgs,
-    flake-utils,
-    ...
-  }: let
-    headscaleVersion = self.shortRev or self.dirtyShortRev;
-    commitHash = self.rev or self.dirtyRev;
-  in
+  outputs =
+    { self
+    , nixpkgs
+    , flake-utils
+    , ...
+    }:
+    let
+      headscaleVersion = self.shortRev or self.dirtyShortRev;
+      commitHash = self.rev or self.dirtyRev;
+    in
     {
-      overlay = _: prev: let
-        pkgs = nixpkgs.legacyPackages.${prev.system};
-        buildGo = pkgs.buildGo125Module;
-        vendorHash = "sha256-VOi4PGZ8I+2MiwtzxpKc/4smsL5KcH/pHVkjJfAFPJ0=";
-      in {
-        headscale = buildGo {
-          pname = "headscale";
-          version = headscaleVersion;
-          src = pkgs.lib.cleanSource self;
-
-          # Only run unit tests when testing a build
-          checkFlags = ["-short"];
-
-          # When updating go.mod or go.sum, a new sha will need to be calculated,
-          # update this if you have a mismatch after doing a change to those files.
-          inherit vendorHash;
-
-          subPackages = ["cmd/headscale"];
-
-          ldflags = [
-            "-s"
-            "-w"
-            "-X github.com/juanfont/headscale/hscontrol/types.Version=${headscaleVersion}"
-            "-X github.com/juanfont/headscale/hscontrol/types.GitCommitHash=${commitHash}"
-          ];
-        };
-
-        hi = buildGo {
-          pname = "hi";
-          version = headscaleVersion;
-          src = pkgs.lib.cleanSource self;
-
-          checkFlags = ["-short"];
-          inherit vendorHash;
-
-          subPackages = ["cmd/hi"];
-        };
-
-        protoc-gen-grpc-gateway = buildGo rec {
-          pname = "grpc-gateway";
-          version = "2.24.0";
-
-          src = pkgs.fetchFromGitHub {
-            owner = "grpc-ecosystem";
-            repo = "grpc-gateway";
-            rev = "v${version}";
-            sha256 = "sha256-lUEoqXJF1k4/il9bdDTinkUV5L869njZNYqObG/mHyA=";
-          };
-
-          vendorHash = "sha256-Ttt7bPKU+TMKRg5550BS6fsPwYp0QJqcZ7NLrhttSdw=";
-
-          nativeBuildInputs = [pkgs.installShellFiles];
-
-          subPackages = ["protoc-gen-grpc-gateway" "protoc-gen-openapiv2"];
-        };
-
-        protobuf-language-server = buildGo rec {
-          pname = "protobuf-language-server";
-          version = "2546944";
-
-          src = pkgs.fetchFromGitHub {
-            owner = "lasorda";
-            repo = "protobuf-language-server";
-            rev = "${version}";
-            sha256 = "sha256-Cbr3ktT86RnwUntOiDKRpNTClhdyrKLTQG2ZEd6fKDc=";
-          };
-
-          vendorHash = "sha256-PfT90dhfzJZabzLTb1D69JCO+kOh2khrlpF5mCDeypk=";
-
-          subPackages = ["."];
-        };
-
-        # Upstream does not override buildGoModule properly,
-        # importing a specific module, so comment out for now.
-        # golangci-lint = prev.golangci-lint.override {
-        #   buildGoModule = buildGo;
-        # };
-        # golangci-lint-langserver = prev.golangci-lint.override {
-        #   buildGoModule = buildGo;
-        # };
-
-        # The package uses buildGo125Module, not the convention.
-        # goreleaser = prev.goreleaser.override {
-        #   buildGoModule = buildGo;
-        # };
-
-        gotestsum = prev.gotestsum.override {
-          buildGoModule = buildGo;
-        };
-
-        gotests = prev.gotests.override {
-          buildGoModule = buildGo;
-        };
-
-        gofumpt = prev.gofumpt.override {
-          buildGoModule = buildGo;
-        };
-
-        # gopls = prev.gopls.override {
-        #   buildGoModule = buildGo;
-        # };
+      # NixOS module
+      nixosModules = rec {
+        headscale = import ./nix/module.nix;
+        default = headscale;
       };
+
+      overlays.default = _: prev:
+        let
+          pkgs = nixpkgs.legacyPackages.${prev.stdenv.hostPlatform.system};
+          buildGo = pkgs.buildGo125Module;
+          vendorHash = "sha256-dWsDgI5K+8mFw4PA5gfFBPCSqBJp5RcZzm0ML1+HsWw=";
+        in
+        {
+          headscale = buildGo {
+            pname = "headscale";
+            version = headscaleVersion;
+            src = pkgs.lib.cleanSource self;
+
+            # Only run unit tests when testing a build
+            checkFlags = [ "-short" ];
+
+            # When updating go.mod or go.sum, a new sha will need to be calculated,
+            # update this if you have a mismatch after doing a change to those files.
+            inherit vendorHash;
+
+            subPackages = [ "cmd/headscale" ];
+
+            meta = {
+              mainProgram = "headscale";
+            };
+          };
+
+          hi = buildGo {
+            pname = "hi";
+            version = headscaleVersion;
+            src = pkgs.lib.cleanSource self;
+
+            checkFlags = [ "-short" ];
+            inherit vendorHash;
+
+            subPackages = [ "cmd/hi" ];
+          };
+
+          protoc-gen-grpc-gateway = buildGo rec {
+            pname = "grpc-gateway";
+            version = "2.27.4";
+
+            src = pkgs.fetchFromGitHub {
+              owner = "grpc-ecosystem";
+              repo = "grpc-gateway";
+              rev = "v${version}";
+              sha256 = "sha256-4bhEQTVV04EyX/qJGNMIAQDcMWcDVr1tFkEjBHpc2CA=";
+            };
+
+            vendorHash = "sha256-ohZW/uPdt08Y2EpIQ2yeyGSjV9O58+QbQQqYrs6O8/g=";
+
+            nativeBuildInputs = [ pkgs.installShellFiles ];
+
+            subPackages = [ "protoc-gen-grpc-gateway" "protoc-gen-openapiv2" ];
+          };
+
+          protobuf-language-server = buildGo rec {
+            pname = "protobuf-language-server";
+            version = "1cf777d";
+
+            src = pkgs.fetchFromGitHub {
+              owner = "lasorda";
+              repo = "protobuf-language-server";
+              rev = "1cf777de4d35a6e493a689e3ca1a6183ce3206b6";
+              sha256 = "sha256-9MkBQPxr/TDr/sNz/Sk7eoZwZwzdVbE5u6RugXXk5iY=";
+            };
+
+            vendorHash = "sha256-4nTpKBe7ekJsfQf+P6edT/9Vp2SBYbKz1ITawD3bhkI=";
+
+            subPackages = [ "." ];
+          };
+
+          # Upstream does not override buildGoModule properly,
+          # importing a specific module, so comment out for now.
+          # golangci-lint = prev.golangci-lint.override {
+          #   buildGoModule = buildGo;
+          # };
+          # golangci-lint-langserver = prev.golangci-lint.override {
+          #   buildGoModule = buildGo;
+          # };
+
+          # The package uses buildGo125Module, not the convention.
+          # goreleaser = prev.goreleaser.override {
+          #   buildGoModule = buildGo;
+          # };
+
+          gotestsum = prev.gotestsum.override {
+            buildGoModule = buildGo;
+          };
+
+          gotests = prev.gotests.override {
+            buildGoModule = buildGo;
+          };
+
+          gofumpt = prev.gofumpt.override {
+            buildGoModule = buildGo;
+          };
+
+          # gopls = prev.gopls.override {
+          #   buildGoModule = buildGo;
+          # };
+        };
     }
     // flake-utils.lib.eachDefaultSystem
-    (system: let
-      pkgs = import nixpkgs {
-        overlays = [self.overlay];
-        inherit system;
-      };
-      buildDeps = with pkgs; [git go_1_25 gnumake];
-      devDeps = with pkgs;
-        buildDeps
-        ++ [
-          golangci-lint
-          golangci-lint-langserver
-          golines
-          nodePackages.prettier
-          goreleaser
-          nfpm
-          gotestsum
-          gotests
-          gofumpt
-          gopls
-          ksh
-          ko
-          yq-go
-          ripgrep
-          postgresql
-
-          # 'dot' is needed for pprof graphs
-          # go tool pprof -http=: <source>
-          graphviz
-
-          # Protobuf dependencies
-          protobuf
-          protoc-gen-go
-          protoc-gen-go-grpc
-          protoc-gen-grpc-gateway
-          buf
-          clang-tools # clang-format
-          protobuf-language-server
-
-          # Add hi to make it even easier to use ci runner.
-          hi
-        ]
-        ++ lib.optional pkgs.stdenv.isLinux [traceroute];
-
-      # Add entry to build a docker image with headscale
-      # caveat: only works on Linux
-      #
-      # Usage:
-      # nix build .#headscale-docker
-      # docker load < result
-      headscale-docker = pkgs.dockerTools.buildLayeredImage {
-        name = "headscale";
-        tag = headscaleVersion;
-        contents = [pkgs.headscale];
-        config.Entrypoint = [(pkgs.headscale + "/bin/headscale")];
-      };
-    in rec {
-      # `nix develop`
-      devShell = pkgs.mkShell {
-        buildInputs =
-          devDeps
+      (system:
+      let
+        pkgs = import nixpkgs {
+          overlays = [ self.overlays.default ];
+          inherit system;
+        };
+        buildDeps = with pkgs; [ git go_1_25 gnumake ];
+        devDeps = with pkgs;
+          buildDeps
           ++ [
-            (pkgs.writeShellScriptBin
-              "nix-vendor-sri"
-              ''
-                set -eu
+            golangci-lint
+            golangci-lint-langserver
+            golines
+            nodePackages.prettier
+            nixpkgs-fmt
+            goreleaser
+            nfpm
+            gotestsum
+            gotests
+            gofumpt
+            gopls
+            ksh
+            ko
+            yq-go
+            ripgrep
+            postgresql
+            prek
 
-                OUT=$(mktemp -d -t nar-hash-XXXXXX)
-                rm -rf "$OUT"
+            # 'dot' is needed for pprof graphs
+            # go tool pprof -http=: <source>
+            graphviz
 
-                go mod vendor -o "$OUT"
-                go run tailscale.com/cmd/nardump --sri "$OUT"
-                rm -rf "$OUT"
-              '')
+            # Protobuf dependencies
+            protobuf
+            protoc-gen-go
+            protoc-gen-go-grpc
+            protoc-gen-grpc-gateway
+            buf
+            clang-tools # clang-format
+            protobuf-language-server
+          ]
+          ++ lib.optional pkgs.stdenv.isLinux [ traceroute ];
 
-            (pkgs.writeShellScriptBin
-              "go-mod-update-all"
-              ''
-                cat go.mod | ${pkgs.silver-searcher}/bin/ag "\t" | ${pkgs.silver-searcher}/bin/ag -v indirect | ${pkgs.gawk}/bin/awk '{print $1}' | ${pkgs.findutils}/bin/xargs go get -u
-                go mod tidy
-              '')
-          ];
+        # Add entry to build a docker image with headscale
+        # caveat: only works on Linux
+        #
+        # Usage:
+        # nix build .#headscale-docker
+        # docker load < result
+        headscale-docker = pkgs.dockerTools.buildLayeredImage {
+          name = "headscale";
+          tag = headscaleVersion;
+          contents = [ pkgs.headscale ];
+          config.Entrypoint = [ (pkgs.headscale + "/bin/headscale") ];
+        };
+      in
+      {
+        # `nix develop`
+        devShells.default = pkgs.mkShell {
+          buildInputs =
+            devDeps
+            ++ [
+              (pkgs.writeShellScriptBin
+                "nix-vendor-sri"
+                ''
+                  set -eu
 
-        shellHook = ''
-          export PATH="$PWD/result/bin:$PATH"
-        '';
-      };
+                  OUT=$(mktemp -d -t nar-hash-XXXXXX)
+                  rm -rf "$OUT"
 
-      # `nix build`
-      packages = with pkgs; {
-        inherit headscale;
-        inherit headscale-docker;
-      };
-      defaultPackage = pkgs.headscale;
+                  go mod vendor -o "$OUT"
+                  go run tailscale.com/cmd/nardump --sri "$OUT"
+                  rm -rf "$OUT"
+                '')
 
-      # `nix run`
-      apps.headscale = flake-utils.lib.mkApp {
-        drv = packages.headscale;
-      };
-      apps.default = apps.headscale;
-
-      checks = {
-        format =
-          pkgs.runCommand "check-format"
-          {
-            buildInputs = with pkgs; [
-              gnumake
-              nixpkgs-fmt
-              golangci-lint
-              nodePackages.prettier
-              golines
-              clang-tools
+              (pkgs.writeShellScriptBin
+                "go-mod-update-all"
+                ''
+                  cat go.mod | ${pkgs.silver-searcher}/bin/ag "\t" | ${pkgs.silver-searcher}/bin/ag -v indirect | ${pkgs.gawk}/bin/awk '{print $1}' | ${pkgs.findutils}/bin/xargs go get -u
+                  go mod tidy
+                '')
             ];
-          } ''
-            ${pkgs.nixpkgs-fmt}/bin/nixpkgs-fmt ${./.}
-            ${pkgs.golangci-lint}/bin/golangci-lint run --fix --timeout 10m
-            ${pkgs.nodePackages.prettier}/bin/prettier --write '**/**.{ts,js,md,yaml,yml,sass,css,scss,html}'
-            ${pkgs.golines}/bin/golines --max-len=88 --base-formatter=gofumpt -w ${./.}
-            ${pkgs.clang-tools}/bin/clang-format -i ${./.}
+
+          shellHook = ''
+            export PATH="$PWD/result/bin:$PATH"
+            export CGO_ENABLED=0
           '';
-      };
-    });
+        };
+
+        # `nix build`
+        packages = with pkgs; {
+          inherit headscale;
+          inherit headscale-docker;
+          default = headscale;
+        };
+
+        # `nix run`
+        apps.headscale = flake-utils.lib.mkApp {
+          drv = pkgs.headscale;
+        };
+        apps.default = flake-utils.lib.mkApp {
+          drv = pkgs.headscale;
+        };
+
+        checks = {
+          headscale = pkgs.testers.nixosTest (import ./nix/tests/headscale.nix);
+        };
+      });
 }

gen/go/headscale/v1/apikey.pb.go

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 // Code generated by protoc-gen-go. DO NOT EDIT.
 // versions:
-// 	protoc-gen-go v1.36.10
+// 	protoc-gen-go v1.36.11
 // 	protoc        (unknown)
 // source: headscale/v1/apikey.proto
 
@@ -189,6 +189,7 @@ func (x *CreateApiKeyResponse) GetApiKey() string {
 type ExpireApiKeyRequest struct {
 	state         protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
 	Prefix        string                 `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=prefix,proto3" json:"prefix,omitempty"`
+	Id            uint64                 `protobuf:"varint,2,opt,name=id,proto3" json:"id,omitempty"`
 	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
 	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
 }
@@ -230,6 +231,13 @@ func (x *ExpireApiKeyRequest) GetPrefix() string {
 	return ""
 }
 
+func (x *ExpireApiKeyRequest) GetId() uint64 {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Id
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
 type ExpireApiKeyResponse struct {
 	state         protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
 	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
@@ -349,6 +357,7 @@ func (x *ListApiKeysResponse) GetApiKeys() []*ApiKey {
 type DeleteApiKeyRequest struct {
 	state         protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
 	Prefix        string                 `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=prefix,proto3" json:"prefix,omitempty"`
+	Id            uint64                 `protobuf:"varint,2,opt,name=id,proto3" json:"id,omitempty"`
 	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
 	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
 }
@@ -390,6 +399,13 @@ func (x *DeleteApiKeyRequest) GetPrefix() string {
 	return ""
 }
 
+func (x *DeleteApiKeyRequest) GetId() uint64 {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Id
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
 type DeleteApiKeyResponse struct {
 	state         protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
 	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
@@ -445,15 +461,17 @@ const file_headscale_v1_apikey_proto_rawDesc = "" +
 	"expiration\x18\x01 \x01(\v2\x1a.google.protobuf.TimestampR\n" +
 	"expiration\"/\n" +
 	"\x14CreateApiKeyResponse\x12\x17\n" +
-	"\aapi_key\x18\x01 \x01(\tR\x06apiKey\"-\n" +
+	"\aapi_key\x18\x01 \x01(\tR\x06apiKey\"=\n" +
 	"\x13ExpireApiKeyRequest\x12\x16\n" +
-	"\x06prefix\x18\x01 \x01(\tR\x06prefix\"\x16\n" +
+	"\x06prefix\x18\x01 \x01(\tR\x06prefix\x12\x0e\n" +
+	"\x02id\x18\x02 \x01(\x04R\x02id\"\x16\n" +
 	"\x14ExpireApiKeyResponse\"\x14\n" +
 	"\x12ListApiKeysRequest\"F\n" +
 	"\x13ListApiKeysResponse\x12/\n" +
-	"\bapi_keys\x18\x01 \x03(\v2\x14.headscale.v1.ApiKeyR\aapiKeys\"-\n" +
+	"\bapi_keys\x18\x01 \x03(\v2\x14.headscale.v1.ApiKeyR\aapiKeys\"=\n" +
 	"\x13DeleteApiKeyRequest\x12\x16\n" +
-	"\x06prefix\x18\x01 \x01(\tR\x06prefix\"\x16\n" +
+	"\x06prefix\x18\x01 \x01(\tR\x06prefix\x12\x0e\n" +
+	"\x02id\x18\x02 \x01(\x04R\x02id\"\x16\n" +
 	"\x14DeleteApiKeyResponseB)Z'github.com/juanfont/headscale/gen/go/v1b\x06proto3"
 
 var (

gen/go/headscale/v1/device.pb.go

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 // Code generated by protoc-gen-go. DO NOT EDIT.
 // versions:
-// 	protoc-gen-go v1.36.10
+// 	protoc-gen-go v1.36.11
 // 	protoc        (unknown)
 // source: headscale/v1/device.proto
 

gen/go/headscale/v1/headscale.pb.go

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 // Code generated by protoc-gen-go. DO NOT EDIT.
 // versions:
-// 	protoc-gen-go v1.36.10
+// 	protoc-gen-go v1.36.11
 // 	protoc        (unknown)
 // source: headscale/v1/headscale.proto
 
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ const file_headscale_v1_headscale_proto_rawDesc = "" +
 	"\x1cheadscale/v1/headscale.proto\x12\fheadscale.v1\x1a\x1cgoogle/api/annotations.proto\x1a\x17headscale/v1/user.proto\x1a\x1dheadscale/v1/preauthkey.proto\x1a\x17headscale/v1/node.proto\x1a\x19headscale/v1/apikey.proto\x1a\x19headscale/v1/policy.proto\"\x0f\n" +
 	"\rHealthRequest\"E\n" +
 	"\x0eHealthResponse\x123\n" +
-	"\x15database_connectivity\x18\x01 \x01(\bR\x14databaseConnectivity2\x80\x17\n" +
+	"\x15database_connectivity\x18\x01 \x01(\bR\x14databaseConnectivity2\x8c\x17\n" +
 	"\x10HeadscaleService\x12h\n" +
 	"\n" +
 	"CreateUser\x12\x1f.headscale.v1.CreateUserRequest\x1a .headscale.v1.CreateUserResponse\"\x17\x82\xd3\xe4\x93\x02\x11:\x01*\"\f/api/v1/user\x12\x80\x01\n" +
@@ -119,7 +119,8 @@ const file_headscale_v1_headscale_proto_rawDesc = "" +
 	"DeleteUser\x12\x1f.headscale.v1.DeleteUserRequest\x1a .headscale.v1.DeleteUserResponse\"\x19\x82\xd3\xe4\x93\x02\x13*\x11/api/v1/user/{id}\x12b\n" +
 	"\tListUsers\x12\x1e.headscale.v1.ListUsersRequest\x1a\x1f.headscale.v1.ListUsersResponse\"\x14\x82\xd3\xe4\x93\x02\x0e\x12\f/api/v1/user\x12\x80\x01\n" +
 	"\x10CreatePreAuthKey\x12%.headscale.v1.CreatePreAuthKeyRequest\x1a&.headscale.v1.CreatePreAuthKeyResponse\"\x1d\x82\xd3\xe4\x93\x02\x17:\x01*\"\x12/api/v1/preauthkey\x12\x87\x01\n" +
-	"\x10ExpirePreAuthKey\x12%.headscale.v1.ExpirePreAuthKeyRequest\x1a&.headscale.v1.ExpirePreAuthKeyResponse\"$\x82\xd3\xe4\x93\x02\x1e:\x01*\"\x19/api/v1/preauthkey/expire\x12z\n" +
+	"\x10ExpirePreAuthKey\x12%.headscale.v1.ExpirePreAuthKeyRequest\x1a&.headscale.v1.ExpirePreAuthKeyResponse\"$\x82\xd3\xe4\x93\x02\x1e:\x01*\"\x19/api/v1/preauthkey/expire\x12}\n" +
+	"\x10DeletePreAuthKey\x12%.headscale.v1.DeletePreAuthKeyRequest\x1a&.headscale.v1.DeletePreAuthKeyResponse\"\x1a\x82\xd3\xe4\x93\x02\x14*\x12/api/v1/preauthkey\x12z\n" +
 	"\x0fListPreAuthKeys\x12$.headscale.v1.ListPreAuthKeysRequest\x1a%.headscale.v1.ListPreAuthKeysResponse\"\x1a\x82\xd3\xe4\x93\x02\x14\x12\x12/api/v1/preauthkey\x12}\n" +
 	"\x0fDebugCreateNode\x12$.headscale.v1.DebugCreateNodeRequest\x1a%.headscale.v1.DebugCreateNodeResponse\"\x1d\x82\xd3\xe4\x93\x02\x17:\x01*\"\x12/api/v1/debug/node\x12f\n" +
 	"\aGetNode\x12\x1c.headscale.v1.GetNodeRequest\x1a\x1d.headscale.v1.GetNodeResponse\"\x1e\x82\xd3\xe4\x93\x02\x18\x12\x16/api/v1/node/{node_id}\x12n\n" +
@@ -132,8 +133,7 @@ const file_headscale_v1_headscale_proto_rawDesc = "" +
 	"ExpireNode\x12\x1f.headscale.v1.ExpireNodeRequest\x1a .headscale.v1.ExpireNodeResponse\"%\x82\xd3\xe4\x93\x02\x1f\"\x1d/api/v1/node/{node_id}/expire\x12\x81\x01\n" +
 	"\n" +
 	"RenameNode\x12\x1f.headscale.v1.RenameNodeRequest\x1a .headscale.v1.RenameNodeResponse\"0\x82\xd3\xe4\x93\x02*\"(/api/v1/node/{node_id}/rename/{new_name}\x12b\n" +
-	"\tListNodes\x12\x1e.headscale.v1.ListNodesRequest\x1a\x1f.headscale.v1.ListNodesResponse\"\x14\x82\xd3\xe4\x93\x02\x0e\x12\f/api/v1/node\x12q\n" +
-	"\bMoveNode\x12\x1d.headscale.v1.MoveNodeRequest\x1a\x1e.headscale.v1.MoveNodeResponse\"&\x82\xd3\xe4\x93\x02 :\x01*\"\x1b/api/v1/node/{node_id}/user\x12\x80\x01\n" +
+	"\tListNodes\x12\x1e.headscale.v1.ListNodesRequest\x1a\x1f.headscale.v1.ListNodesResponse\"\x14\x82\xd3\xe4\x93\x02\x0e\x12\f/api/v1/node\x12\x80\x01\n" +
 	"\x0fBackfillNodeIPs\x12$.headscale.v1.BackfillNodeIPsRequest\x1a%.headscale.v1.BackfillNodeIPsResponse\" \x82\xd3\xe4\x93\x02\x1a\"\x18/api/v1/node/backfillips\x12p\n" +
 	"\fCreateApiKey\x12!.headscale.v1.CreateApiKeyRequest\x1a\".headscale.v1.CreateApiKeyResponse\"\x19\x82\xd3\xe4\x93\x02\x13:\x01*\"\x0e/api/v1/apikey\x12w\n" +
 	"\fExpireApiKey\x12!.headscale.v1.ExpireApiKeyRequest\x1a\".headscale.v1.ExpireApiKeyResponse\" \x82\xd3\xe4\x93\x02\x1a:\x01*\"\x15/api/v1/apikey/expire\x12j\n" +
@@ -165,17 +165,17 @@ var file_headscale_v1_headscale_proto_goTypes = []any{
 	(*ListUsersRequest)(nil),          // 5: headscale.v1.ListUsersRequest
 	(*CreatePreAuthKeyRequest)(nil),   // 6: headscale.v1.CreatePreAuthKeyRequest
 	(*ExpirePreAuthKeyRequest)(nil),   // 7: headscale.v1.ExpirePreAuthKeyRequest
-	(*ListPreAuthKeysRequest)(nil),    // 8: headscale.v1.ListPreAuthKeysRequest
-	(*DebugCreateNodeRequest)(nil),    // 9: headscale.v1.DebugCreateNodeRequest
-	(*GetNodeRequest)(nil),            // 10: headscale.v1.GetNodeRequest
-	(*SetTagsRequest)(nil),            // 11: headscale.v1.SetTagsRequest
-	(*SetApprovedRoutesRequest)(nil),  // 12: headscale.v1.SetApprovedRoutesRequest
-	(*RegisterNodeRequest)(nil),       // 13: headscale.v1.RegisterNodeRequest
-	(*DeleteNodeRequest)(nil),         // 14: headscale.v1.DeleteNodeRequest
-	(*ExpireNodeRequest)(nil),         // 15: headscale.v1.ExpireNodeRequest
-	(*RenameNodeRequest)(nil),         // 16: headscale.v1.RenameNodeRequest
-	(*ListNodesRequest)(nil),          // 17: headscale.v1.ListNodesRequest
-	(*MoveNodeRequest)(nil),           // 18: headscale.v1.MoveNodeRequest
+	(*DeletePreAuthKeyRequest)(nil),   // 8: headscale.v1.DeletePreAuthKeyRequest
+	(*ListPreAuthKeysRequest)(nil),    // 9: headscale.v1.ListPreAuthKeysRequest
+	(*DebugCreateNodeRequest)(nil),    // 10: headscale.v1.DebugCreateNodeRequest
+	(*GetNodeRequest)(nil),            // 11: headscale.v1.GetNodeRequest
+	(*SetTagsRequest)(nil),            // 12: headscale.v1.SetTagsRequest
+	(*SetApprovedRoutesRequest)(nil),  // 13: headscale.v1.SetApprovedRoutesRequest
+	(*RegisterNodeRequest)(nil),       // 14: headscale.v1.RegisterNodeRequest
+	(*DeleteNodeRequest)(nil),         // 15: headscale.v1.DeleteNodeRequest
+	(*ExpireNodeRequest)(nil),         // 16: headscale.v1.ExpireNodeRequest
+	(*RenameNodeRequest)(nil),         // 17: headscale.v1.RenameNodeRequest
+	(*ListNodesRequest)(nil),          // 18: headscale.v1.ListNodesRequest
 	(*BackfillNodeIPsRequest)(nil),    // 19: headscale.v1.BackfillNodeIPsRequest
 	(*CreateApiKeyRequest)(nil),       // 20: headscale.v1.CreateApiKeyRequest
 	(*ExpireApiKeyRequest)(nil),       // 21: headscale.v1.ExpireApiKeyRequest
@@ -189,17 +189,17 @@ var file_headscale_v1_headscale_proto_goTypes = []any{
 	(*ListUsersResponse)(nil),         // 29: headscale.v1.ListUsersResponse
 	(*CreatePreAuthKeyResponse)(nil),  // 30: headscale.v1.CreatePreAuthKeyResponse
 	(*ExpirePreAuthKeyResponse)(nil),  // 31: headscale.v1.ExpirePreAuthKeyResponse
-	(*ListPreAuthKeysResponse)(nil),   // 32: headscale.v1.ListPreAuthKeysResponse
-	(*DebugCreateNodeResponse)(nil),   // 33: headscale.v1.DebugCreateNodeResponse
-	(*GetNodeResponse)(nil),           // 34: headscale.v1.GetNodeResponse
-	(*SetTagsResponse)(nil),           // 35: headscale.v1.SetTagsResponse
-	(*SetApprovedRoutesResponse)(nil), // 36: headscale.v1.SetApprovedRoutesResponse
-	(*RegisterNodeResponse)(nil),      // 37: headscale.v1.RegisterNodeResponse
-	(*DeleteNodeResponse)(nil),        // 38: headscale.v1.DeleteNodeResponse
-	(*ExpireNodeResponse)(nil),        // 39: headscale.v1.ExpireNodeResponse
-	(*RenameNodeResponse)(nil),        // 40: headscale.v1.RenameNodeResponse
-	(*ListNodesResponse)(nil),         // 41: headscale.v1.ListNodesResponse
-	(*MoveNodeResponse)(nil),          // 42: headscale.v1.MoveNodeResponse
+	(*DeletePreAuthKeyResponse)(nil),  // 32: headscale.v1.DeletePreAuthKeyResponse
+	(*ListPreAuthKeysResponse)(nil),   // 33: headscale.v1.ListPreAuthKeysResponse
+	(*DebugCreateNodeResponse)(nil),   // 34: headscale.v1.DebugCreateNodeResponse
+	(*GetNodeResponse)(nil),           // 35: headscale.v1.GetNodeResponse
+	(*SetTagsResponse)(nil),           // 36: headscale.v1.SetTagsResponse
+	(*SetApprovedRoutesResponse)(nil), // 37: headscale.v1.SetApprovedRoutesResponse
+	(*RegisterNodeResponse)(nil),      // 38: headscale.v1.RegisterNodeResponse
+	(*DeleteNodeResponse)(nil),        // 39: headscale.v1.DeleteNodeResponse
+	(*ExpireNodeResponse)(nil),        // 40: headscale.v1.ExpireNodeResponse
+	(*RenameNodeResponse)(nil),        // 41: headscale.v1.RenameNodeResponse
+	(*ListNodesResponse)(nil),         // 42: headscale.v1.ListNodesResponse
 	(*BackfillNodeIPsResponse)(nil),   // 43: headscale.v1.BackfillNodeIPsResponse
 	(*CreateApiKeyResponse)(nil),      // 44: headscale.v1.CreateApiKeyResponse
 	(*ExpireApiKeyResponse)(nil),      // 45: headscale.v1.ExpireApiKeyResponse
@@ -215,17 +215,17 @@ var file_headscale_v1_headscale_proto_depIdxs = []int32{
 	5,  // 3: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.ListUsers:input_type -> headscale.v1.ListUsersRequest
 	6,  // 4: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.CreatePreAuthKey:input_type -> headscale.v1.CreatePreAuthKeyRequest
 	7,  // 5: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.ExpirePreAuthKey:input_type -> headscale.v1.ExpirePreAuthKeyRequest
-	8,  // 6: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.ListPreAuthKeys:input_type -> headscale.v1.ListPreAuthKeysRequest
-	9,  // 7: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.DebugCreateNode:input_type -> headscale.v1.DebugCreateNodeRequest
-	10, // 8: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.GetNode:input_type -> headscale.v1.GetNodeRequest
-	11, // 9: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.SetTags:input_type -> headscale.v1.SetTagsRequest
-	12, // 10: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.SetApprovedRoutes:input_type -> headscale.v1.SetApprovedRoutesRequest
-	13, // 11: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.RegisterNode:input_type -> headscale.v1.RegisterNodeRequest
-	14, // 12: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.DeleteNode:input_type -> headscale.v1.DeleteNodeRequest
-	15, // 13: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.ExpireNode:input_type -> headscale.v1.ExpireNodeRequest
-	16, // 14: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.RenameNode:input_type -> headscale.v1.RenameNodeRequest
-	17, // 15: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.ListNodes:input_type -> headscale.v1.ListNodesRequest
-	18, // 16: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.MoveNode:input_type -> headscale.v1.MoveNodeRequest
+	8,  // 6: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.DeletePreAuthKey:input_type -> headscale.v1.DeletePreAuthKeyRequest
+	9,  // 7: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.ListPreAuthKeys:input_type -> headscale.v1.ListPreAuthKeysRequest
+	10, // 8: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.DebugCreateNode:input_type -> headscale.v1.DebugCreateNodeRequest
+	11, // 9: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.GetNode:input_type -> headscale.v1.GetNodeRequest
+	12, // 10: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.SetTags:input_type -> headscale.v1.SetTagsRequest
+	13, // 11: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.SetApprovedRoutes:input_type -> headscale.v1.SetApprovedRoutesRequest
+	14, // 12: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.RegisterNode:input_type -> headscale.v1.RegisterNodeRequest
+	15, // 13: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.DeleteNode:input_type -> headscale.v1.DeleteNodeRequest
+	16, // 14: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.ExpireNode:input_type -> headscale.v1.ExpireNodeRequest
+	17, // 15: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.RenameNode:input_type -> headscale.v1.RenameNodeRequest
+	18, // 16: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.ListNodes:input_type -> headscale.v1.ListNodesRequest
 	19, // 17: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.BackfillNodeIPs:input_type -> headscale.v1.BackfillNodeIPsRequest
 	20, // 18: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.CreateApiKey:input_type -> headscale.v1.CreateApiKeyRequest
 	21, // 19: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.ExpireApiKey:input_type -> headscale.v1.ExpireApiKeyRequest
@@ -240,17 +240,17 @@ var file_headscale_v1_headscale_proto_depIdxs = []int32{
 	29, // 28: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.ListUsers:output_type -> headscale.v1.ListUsersResponse
 	30, // 29: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.CreatePreAuthKey:output_type -> headscale.v1.CreatePreAuthKeyResponse
 	31, // 30: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.ExpirePreAuthKey:output_type -> headscale.v1.ExpirePreAuthKeyResponse
-	32, // 31: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.ListPreAuthKeys:output_type -> headscale.v1.ListPreAuthKeysResponse
-	33, // 32: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.DebugCreateNode:output_type -> headscale.v1.DebugCreateNodeResponse
-	34, // 33: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.GetNode:output_type -> headscale.v1.GetNodeResponse
-	35, // 34: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.SetTags:output_type -> headscale.v1.SetTagsResponse
-	36, // 35: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.SetApprovedRoutes:output_type -> headscale.v1.SetApprovedRoutesResponse
-	37, // 36: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.RegisterNode:output_type -> headscale.v1.RegisterNodeResponse
-	38, // 37: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.DeleteNode:output_type -> headscale.v1.DeleteNodeResponse
-	39, // 38: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.ExpireNode:output_type -> headscale.v1.ExpireNodeResponse
-	40, // 39: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.RenameNode:output_type -> headscale.v1.RenameNodeResponse
-	41, // 40: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.ListNodes:output_type -> headscale.v1.ListNodesResponse
-	42, // 41: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.MoveNode:output_type -> headscale.v1.MoveNodeResponse
+	32, // 31: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.DeletePreAuthKey:output_type -> headscale.v1.DeletePreAuthKeyResponse
+	33, // 32: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.ListPreAuthKeys:output_type -> headscale.v1.ListPreAuthKeysResponse
+	34, // 33: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.DebugCreateNode:output_type -> headscale.v1.DebugCreateNodeResponse
+	35, // 34: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.GetNode:output_type -> headscale.v1.GetNodeResponse
+	36, // 35: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.SetTags:output_type -> headscale.v1.SetTagsResponse
+	37, // 36: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.SetApprovedRoutes:output_type -> headscale.v1.SetApprovedRoutesResponse
+	38, // 37: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.RegisterNode:output_type -> headscale.v1.RegisterNodeResponse
+	39, // 38: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.DeleteNode:output_type -> headscale.v1.DeleteNodeResponse
+	40, // 39: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.ExpireNode:output_type -> headscale.v1.ExpireNodeResponse
+	41, // 40: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.RenameNode:output_type -> headscale.v1.RenameNodeResponse
+	42, // 41: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.ListNodes:output_type -> headscale.v1.ListNodesResponse
 	43, // 42: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.BackfillNodeIPs:output_type -> headscale.v1.BackfillNodeIPsResponse
 	44, // 43: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.CreateApiKey:output_type -> headscale.v1.CreateApiKeyResponse
 	45, // 44: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.ExpireApiKey:output_type -> headscale.v1.ExpireApiKeyResponse

gen/go/headscale/v1/headscale.pb.gw.go

@@ -43,6 +43,9 @@ func request_HeadscaleService_CreateUser_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtim
 	if err := marshaler.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&protoReq); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
 		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
 	}
+	if req.Body != nil {
+		_, _ = io.Copy(io.Discard, req.Body)
+	}
 	msg, err := client.CreateUser(ctx, &protoReq, grpc.Header(&metadata.HeaderMD), grpc.Trailer(&metadata.TrailerMD))
 	return msg, metadata, err
 }
@@ -65,6 +68,9 @@ func request_HeadscaleService_RenameUser_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtim
 		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
 		err      error
 	)
+	if req.Body != nil {
+		_, _ = io.Copy(io.Discard, req.Body)
+	}
 	val, ok := pathParams["old_id"]
 	if !ok {
 		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "missing parameter %s", "old_id")
@@ -117,6 +123,9 @@ func request_HeadscaleService_DeleteUser_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtim
 		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
 		err      error
 	)
+	if req.Body != nil {
+		_, _ = io.Copy(io.Discard, req.Body)
+	}
 	val, ok := pathParams["id"]
 	if !ok {
 		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "missing parameter %s", "id")
@@ -154,6 +163,9 @@ func request_HeadscaleService_ListUsers_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime
 		protoReq ListUsersRequest
 		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
 	)
+	if req.Body != nil {
+		_, _ = io.Copy(io.Discard, req.Body)
+	}
 	if err := req.ParseForm(); err != nil {
 		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
 	}
@@ -187,6 +199,9 @@ func request_HeadscaleService_CreatePreAuthKey_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler
 	if err := marshaler.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&protoReq); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
 		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
 	}
+	if req.Body != nil {
+		_, _ = io.Copy(io.Discard, req.Body)
+	}
 	msg, err := client.CreatePreAuthKey(ctx, &protoReq, grpc.Header(&metadata.HeaderMD), grpc.Trailer(&metadata.TrailerMD))
 	return msg, metadata, err
 }
@@ -211,6 +226,9 @@ func request_HeadscaleService_ExpirePreAuthKey_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler
 	if err := marshaler.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&protoReq); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
 		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
 	}
+	if req.Body != nil {
+		_, _ = io.Copy(io.Discard, req.Body)
+	}
 	msg, err := client.ExpirePreAuthKey(ctx, &protoReq, grpc.Header(&metadata.HeaderMD), grpc.Trailer(&metadata.TrailerMD))
 	return msg, metadata, err
 }
@@ -227,18 +245,48 @@ func local_request_HeadscaleService_ExpirePreAuthKey_0(ctx context.Context, mars
 	return msg, metadata, err
 }
 
-var filter_HeadscaleService_ListPreAuthKeys_0 = &utilities.DoubleArray{Encoding: map[string]int{}, Base: []int(nil), Check: []int(nil)}
+var filter_HeadscaleService_DeletePreAuthKey_0 = &utilities.DoubleArray{Encoding: map[string]int{}, Base: []int(nil), Check: []int(nil)}
+
+func request_HeadscaleService_DeletePreAuthKey_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime.Marshaler, client HeadscaleServiceClient, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) (proto.Message, runtime.ServerMetadata, error) {
+	var (
+		protoReq DeletePreAuthKeyRequest
+		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
+	)
+	if req.Body != nil {
+		_, _ = io.Copy(io.Discard, req.Body)
+	}
+	if err := req.ParseForm(); err != nil {
+		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
+	}
+	if err := runtime.PopulateQueryParameters(&protoReq, req.Form, filter_HeadscaleService_DeletePreAuthKey_0); err != nil {
+		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
+	}
+	msg, err := client.DeletePreAuthKey(ctx, &protoReq, grpc.Header(&metadata.HeaderMD), grpc.Trailer(&metadata.TrailerMD))
+	return msg, metadata, err
+}
+
+func local_request_HeadscaleService_DeletePreAuthKey_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime.Marshaler, server HeadscaleServiceServer, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) (proto.Message, runtime.ServerMetadata, error) {
+	var (
+		protoReq DeletePreAuthKeyRequest
+		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
+	)
+	if err := req.ParseForm(); err != nil {
+		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
+	}
+	if err := runtime.PopulateQueryParameters(&protoReq, req.Form, filter_HeadscaleService_DeletePreAuthKey_0); err != nil {
+		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
+	}
+	msg, err := server.DeletePreAuthKey(ctx, &protoReq)
+	return msg, metadata, err
+}
 
 func request_HeadscaleService_ListPreAuthKeys_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime.Marshaler, client HeadscaleServiceClient, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) (proto.Message, runtime.ServerMetadata, error) {
 	var (
 		protoReq ListPreAuthKeysRequest
 		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
 	)
-	if err := req.ParseForm(); err != nil {
-		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
-	}
-	if err := runtime.PopulateQueryParameters(&protoReq, req.Form, filter_HeadscaleService_ListPreAuthKeys_0); err != nil {
-		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
+	if req.Body != nil {
+		_, _ = io.Copy(io.Discard, req.Body)
 	}
 	msg, err := client.ListPreAuthKeys(ctx, &protoReq, grpc.Header(&metadata.HeaderMD), grpc.Trailer(&metadata.TrailerMD))
 	return msg, metadata, err
@@ -249,12 +297,6 @@ func local_request_HeadscaleService_ListPreAuthKeys_0(ctx context.Context, marsh
 		protoReq ListPreAuthKeysRequest
 		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
 	)
-	if err := req.ParseForm(); err != nil {
-		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
-	}
-	if err := runtime.PopulateQueryParameters(&protoReq, req.Form, filter_HeadscaleService_ListPreAuthKeys_0); err != nil {
-		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
-	}
 	msg, err := server.ListPreAuthKeys(ctx, &protoReq)
 	return msg, metadata, err
 }
@@ -267,6 +309,9 @@ func request_HeadscaleService_DebugCreateNode_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler r
 	if err := marshaler.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&protoReq); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
 		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
 	}
+	if req.Body != nil {
+		_, _ = io.Copy(io.Discard, req.Body)
+	}
 	msg, err := client.DebugCreateNode(ctx, &protoReq, grpc.Header(&metadata.HeaderMD), grpc.Trailer(&metadata.TrailerMD))
 	return msg, metadata, err
 }
@@ -289,6 +334,9 @@ func request_HeadscaleService_GetNode_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime.M
 		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
 		err      error
 	)
+	if req.Body != nil {
+		_, _ = io.Copy(io.Discard, req.Body)
+	}
 	val, ok := pathParams["node_id"]
 	if !ok {
 		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "missing parameter %s", "node_id")
@@ -328,6 +376,9 @@ func request_HeadscaleService_SetTags_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime.M
 	if err := marshaler.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&protoReq); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
 		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
 	}
+	if req.Body != nil {
+		_, _ = io.Copy(io.Discard, req.Body)
+	}
 	val, ok := pathParams["node_id"]
 	if !ok {
 		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "missing parameter %s", "node_id")
@@ -370,6 +421,9 @@ func request_HeadscaleService_SetApprovedRoutes_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler
 	if err := marshaler.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&protoReq); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
 		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
 	}
+	if req.Body != nil {
+		_, _ = io.Copy(io.Discard, req.Body)
+	}
 	val, ok := pathParams["node_id"]
 	if !ok {
 		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "missing parameter %s", "node_id")
@@ -410,6 +464,9 @@ func request_HeadscaleService_RegisterNode_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runt
 		protoReq RegisterNodeRequest
 		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
 	)
+	if req.Body != nil {
+		_, _ = io.Copy(io.Discard, req.Body)
+	}
 	if err := req.ParseForm(); err != nil {
 		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
 	}
@@ -441,6 +498,9 @@ func request_HeadscaleService_DeleteNode_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtim
 		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
 		err      error
 	)
+	if req.Body != nil {
+		_, _ = io.Copy(io.Discard, req.Body)
+	}
 	val, ok := pathParams["node_id"]
 	if !ok {
 		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "missing parameter %s", "node_id")
@@ -479,6 +539,9 @@ func request_HeadscaleService_ExpireNode_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtim
 		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
 		err      error
 	)
+	if req.Body != nil {
+		_, _ = io.Copy(io.Discard, req.Body)
+	}
 	val, ok := pathParams["node_id"]
 	if !ok {
 		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "missing parameter %s", "node_id")
@@ -527,6 +590,9 @@ func request_HeadscaleService_RenameNode_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtim
 		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
 		err      error
 	)
+	if req.Body != nil {
+		_, _ = io.Copy(io.Discard, req.Body)
+	}
 	val, ok := pathParams["node_id"]
 	if !ok {
 		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "missing parameter %s", "node_id")
@@ -580,6 +646,9 @@ func request_HeadscaleService_ListNodes_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime
 		protoReq ListNodesRequest
 		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
 	)
+	if req.Body != nil {
+		_, _ = io.Copy(io.Discard, req.Body)
+	}
 	if err := req.ParseForm(); err != nil {
 		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
 	}
@@ -605,48 +674,6 @@ func local_request_HeadscaleService_ListNodes_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler r
 	return msg, metadata, err
 }
 
-func request_HeadscaleService_MoveNode_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime.Marshaler, client HeadscaleServiceClient, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) (proto.Message, runtime.ServerMetadata, error) {
-	var (
-		protoReq MoveNodeRequest
-		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
-		err      error
-	)
-	if err := marshaler.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&protoReq); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
-		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
-	}
-	val, ok := pathParams["node_id"]
-	if !ok {
-		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "missing parameter %s", "node_id")
-	}
-	protoReq.NodeId, err = runtime.Uint64(val)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "type mismatch, parameter: %s, error: %v", "node_id", err)
-	}
-	msg, err := client.MoveNode(ctx, &protoReq, grpc.Header(&metadata.HeaderMD), grpc.Trailer(&metadata.TrailerMD))
-	return msg, metadata, err
-}
-
-func local_request_HeadscaleService_MoveNode_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime.Marshaler, server HeadscaleServiceServer, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) (proto.Message, runtime.ServerMetadata, error) {
-	var (
-		protoReq MoveNodeRequest
-		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
-		err      error
-	)
-	if err := marshaler.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&protoReq); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
-		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
-	}
-	val, ok := pathParams["node_id"]
-	if !ok {
-		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "missing parameter %s", "node_id")
-	}
-	protoReq.NodeId, err = runtime.Uint64(val)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "type mismatch, parameter: %s, error: %v", "node_id", err)
-	}
-	msg, err := server.MoveNode(ctx, &protoReq)
-	return msg, metadata, err
-}
-
 var filter_HeadscaleService_BackfillNodeIPs_0 = &utilities.DoubleArray{Encoding: map[string]int{}, Base: []int(nil), Check: []int(nil)}
 
 func request_HeadscaleService_BackfillNodeIPs_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime.Marshaler, client HeadscaleServiceClient, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) (proto.Message, runtime.ServerMetadata, error) {
@@ -654,6 +681,9 @@ func request_HeadscaleService_BackfillNodeIPs_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler r
 		protoReq BackfillNodeIPsRequest
 		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
 	)
+	if req.Body != nil {
+		_, _ = io.Copy(io.Discard, req.Body)
+	}
 	if err := req.ParseForm(); err != nil {
 		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
 	}
@@ -687,6 +717,9 @@ func request_HeadscaleService_CreateApiKey_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runt
 	if err := marshaler.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&protoReq); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
 		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
 	}
+	if req.Body != nil {
+		_, _ = io.Copy(io.Discard, req.Body)
+	}
 	msg, err := client.CreateApiKey(ctx, &protoReq, grpc.Header(&metadata.HeaderMD), grpc.Trailer(&metadata.TrailerMD))
 	return msg, metadata, err
 }
@@ -711,6 +744,9 @@ func request_HeadscaleService_ExpireApiKey_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runt
 	if err := marshaler.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&protoReq); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
 		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
 	}
+	if req.Body != nil {
+		_, _ = io.Copy(io.Discard, req.Body)
+	}
 	msg, err := client.ExpireApiKey(ctx, &protoReq, grpc.Header(&metadata.HeaderMD), grpc.Trailer(&metadata.TrailerMD))
 	return msg, metadata, err
 }
@@ -732,6 +768,9 @@ func request_HeadscaleService_ListApiKeys_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runti
 		protoReq ListApiKeysRequest
 		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
 	)
+	if req.Body != nil {
+		_, _ = io.Copy(io.Discard, req.Body)
+	}
 	msg, err := client.ListApiKeys(ctx, &protoReq, grpc.Header(&metadata.HeaderMD), grpc.Trailer(&metadata.TrailerMD))
 	return msg, metadata, err
 }
@@ -745,12 +784,17 @@ func local_request_HeadscaleService_ListApiKeys_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler
 	return msg, metadata, err
 }
 
+var filter_HeadscaleService_DeleteApiKey_0 = &utilities.DoubleArray{Encoding: map[string]int{"prefix": 0}, Base: []int{1, 1, 0}, Check: []int{0, 1, 2}}
+
 func request_HeadscaleService_DeleteApiKey_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime.Marshaler, client HeadscaleServiceClient, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) (proto.Message, runtime.ServerMetadata, error) {
 	var (
 		protoReq DeleteApiKeyRequest
 		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
 		err      error
 	)
+	if req.Body != nil {
+		_, _ = io.Copy(io.Discard, req.Body)
+	}
 	val, ok := pathParams["prefix"]
 	if !ok {
 		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "missing parameter %s", "prefix")
@@ -759,6 +803,12 @@ func request_HeadscaleService_DeleteApiKey_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runt
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "type mismatch, parameter: %s, error: %v", "prefix", err)
 	}
+	if err := req.ParseForm(); err != nil {
+		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
+	}
+	if err := runtime.PopulateQueryParameters(&protoReq, req.Form, filter_HeadscaleService_DeleteApiKey_0); err != nil {
+		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
+	}
 	msg, err := client.DeleteApiKey(ctx, &protoReq, grpc.Header(&metadata.HeaderMD), grpc.Trailer(&metadata.TrailerMD))
 	return msg, metadata, err
 }
@@ -777,6 +827,12 @@ func local_request_HeadscaleService_DeleteApiKey_0(ctx context.Context, marshale
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "type mismatch, parameter: %s, error: %v", "prefix", err)
 	}
+	if err := req.ParseForm(); err != nil {
+		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
+	}
+	if err := runtime.PopulateQueryParameters(&protoReq, req.Form, filter_HeadscaleService_DeleteApiKey_0); err != nil {
+		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
+	}
 	msg, err := server.DeleteApiKey(ctx, &protoReq)
 	return msg, metadata, err
 }
@@ -786,6 +842,9 @@ func request_HeadscaleService_GetPolicy_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime
 		protoReq GetPolicyRequest
 		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
 	)
+	if req.Body != nil {
+		_, _ = io.Copy(io.Discard, req.Body)
+	}
 	msg, err := client.GetPolicy(ctx, &protoReq, grpc.Header(&metadata.HeaderMD), grpc.Trailer(&metadata.TrailerMD))
 	return msg, metadata, err
 }
@@ -807,6 +866,9 @@ func request_HeadscaleService_SetPolicy_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime
 	if err := marshaler.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&protoReq); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
 		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
 	}
+	if req.Body != nil {
+		_, _ = io.Copy(io.Discard, req.Body)
+	}
 	msg, err := client.SetPolicy(ctx, &protoReq, grpc.Header(&metadata.HeaderMD), grpc.Trailer(&metadata.TrailerMD))
 	return msg, metadata, err
 }
@@ -828,6 +890,9 @@ func request_HeadscaleService_Health_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime.Ma
 		protoReq HealthRequest
 		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
 	)
+	if req.Body != nil {
+		_, _ = io.Copy(io.Discard, req.Body)
+	}
 	msg, err := client.Health(ctx, &protoReq, grpc.Header(&metadata.HeaderMD), grpc.Trailer(&metadata.TrailerMD))
 	return msg, metadata, err
 }
@@ -967,6 +1032,26 @@ func RegisterHeadscaleServiceHandlerServer(ctx context.Context, mux *runtime.Ser
 		}
 		forward_HeadscaleService_ExpirePreAuthKey_0(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, resp, mux.GetForwardResponseOptions()...)
 	})
+	mux.Handle(http.MethodDelete, pattern_HeadscaleService_DeletePreAuthKey_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(req.Context())
+		defer cancel()
+		var stream runtime.ServerTransportStream
+		ctx = grpc.NewContextWithServerTransportStream(ctx, &stream)
+		inboundMarshaler, outboundMarshaler := runtime.MarshalerForRequest(mux, req)
+		annotatedContext, err := runtime.AnnotateIncomingContext(ctx, mux, req, "/headscale.v1.HeadscaleService/DeletePreAuthKey", runtime.WithHTTPPathPattern("/api/v1/preauthkey"))
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(ctx, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		resp, md, err := local_request_HeadscaleService_DeletePreAuthKey_0(annotatedContext, inboundMarshaler, server, req, pathParams)
+		md.HeaderMD, md.TrailerMD = metadata.Join(md.HeaderMD, stream.Header()), metadata.Join(md.TrailerMD, stream.Trailer())
+		annotatedContext = runtime.NewServerMetadataContext(annotatedContext, md)
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		forward_HeadscaleService_DeletePreAuthKey_0(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, resp, mux.GetForwardResponseOptions()...)
+	})
 	mux.Handle(http.MethodGet, pattern_HeadscaleService_ListPreAuthKeys_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
 		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(req.Context())
 		defer cancel()
@@ -1167,26 +1252,6 @@ func RegisterHeadscaleServiceHandlerServer(ctx context.Context, mux *runtime.Ser
 		}
 		forward_HeadscaleService_ListNodes_0(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, resp, mux.GetForwardResponseOptions()...)
 	})
-	mux.Handle(http.MethodPost, pattern_HeadscaleService_MoveNode_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
-		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(req.Context())
-		defer cancel()
-		var stream runtime.ServerTransportStream
-		ctx = grpc.NewContextWithServerTransportStream(ctx, &stream)
-		inboundMarshaler, outboundMarshaler := runtime.MarshalerForRequest(mux, req)
-		annotatedContext, err := runtime.AnnotateIncomingContext(ctx, mux, req, "/headscale.v1.HeadscaleService/MoveNode", runtime.WithHTTPPathPattern("/api/v1/node/{node_id}/user"))
-		if err != nil {
-			runtime.HTTPError(ctx, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
-			return
-		}
-		resp, md, err := local_request_HeadscaleService_MoveNode_0(annotatedContext, inboundMarshaler, server, req, pathParams)
-		md.HeaderMD, md.TrailerMD = metadata.Join(md.HeaderMD, stream.Header()), metadata.Join(md.TrailerMD, stream.Trailer())
-		annotatedContext = runtime.NewServerMetadataContext(annotatedContext, md)
-		if err != nil {
-			runtime.HTTPError(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
-			return
-		}
-		forward_HeadscaleService_MoveNode_0(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, resp, mux.GetForwardResponseOptions()...)
-	})
 	mux.Handle(http.MethodPost, pattern_HeadscaleService_BackfillNodeIPs_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
 		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(req.Context())
 		defer cancel()
@@ -1489,6 +1554,23 @@ func RegisterHeadscaleServiceHandlerClient(ctx context.Context, mux *runtime.Ser
 		}
 		forward_HeadscaleService_ExpirePreAuthKey_0(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, resp, mux.GetForwardResponseOptions()...)
 	})
+	mux.Handle(http.MethodDelete, pattern_HeadscaleService_DeletePreAuthKey_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(req.Context())
+		defer cancel()
+		inboundMarshaler, outboundMarshaler := runtime.MarshalerForRequest(mux, req)
+		annotatedContext, err := runtime.AnnotateContext(ctx, mux, req, "/headscale.v1.HeadscaleService/DeletePreAuthKey", runtime.WithHTTPPathPattern("/api/v1/preauthkey"))
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(ctx, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		resp, md, err := request_HeadscaleService_DeletePreAuthKey_0(annotatedContext, inboundMarshaler, client, req, pathParams)
+		annotatedContext = runtime.NewServerMetadataContext(annotatedContext, md)
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		forward_HeadscaleService_DeletePreAuthKey_0(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, resp, mux.GetForwardResponseOptions()...)
+	})
 	mux.Handle(http.MethodGet, pattern_HeadscaleService_ListPreAuthKeys_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
 		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(req.Context())
 		defer cancel()
@@ -1659,23 +1741,6 @@ func RegisterHeadscaleServiceHandlerClient(ctx context.Context, mux *runtime.Ser
 		}
 		forward_HeadscaleService_ListNodes_0(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, resp, mux.GetForwardResponseOptions()...)
 	})
-	mux.Handle(http.MethodPost, pattern_HeadscaleService_MoveNode_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
-		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(req.Context())
-		defer cancel()
-		inboundMarshaler, outboundMarshaler := runtime.MarshalerForRequest(mux, req)
-		annotatedContext, err := runtime.AnnotateContext(ctx, mux, req, "/headscale.v1.HeadscaleService/MoveNode", runtime.WithHTTPPathPattern("/api/v1/node/{node_id}/user"))
-		if err != nil {
-			runtime.HTTPError(ctx, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
-			return
-		}
-		resp, md, err := request_HeadscaleService_MoveNode_0(annotatedContext, inboundMarshaler, client, req, pathParams)
-		annotatedContext = runtime.NewServerMetadataContext(annotatedContext, md)
-		if err != nil {
-			runtime.HTTPError(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
-			return
-		}
-		forward_HeadscaleService_MoveNode_0(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, resp, mux.GetForwardResponseOptions()...)
-	})
 	mux.Handle(http.MethodPost, pattern_HeadscaleService_BackfillNodeIPs_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
 		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(req.Context())
 		defer cancel()
@@ -1822,6 +1887,7 @@ var (
 	pattern_HeadscaleService_ListUsers_0         = runtime.MustPattern(runtime.NewPattern(1, []int{2, 0, 2, 1, 2, 2}, []string{"api", "v1", "user"}, ""))
 	pattern_HeadscaleService_CreatePreAuthKey_0  = runtime.MustPattern(runtime.NewPattern(1, []int{2, 0, 2, 1, 2, 2}, []string{"api", "v1", "preauthkey"}, ""))
 	pattern_HeadscaleService_ExpirePreAuthKey_0  = runtime.MustPattern(runtime.NewPattern(1, []int{2, 0, 2, 1, 2, 2, 2, 3}, []string{"api", "v1", "preauthkey", "expire"}, ""))
+	pattern_HeadscaleService_DeletePreAuthKey_0  = runtime.MustPattern(runtime.NewPattern(1, []int{2, 0, 2, 1, 2, 2}, []string{"api", "v1", "preauthkey"}, ""))
 	pattern_HeadscaleService_ListPreAuthKeys_0   = runtime.MustPattern(runtime.NewPattern(1, []int{2, 0, 2, 1, 2, 2}, []string{"api", "v1", "preauthkey"}, ""))
 	pattern_HeadscaleService_DebugCreateNode_0   = runtime.MustPattern(runtime.NewPattern(1, []int{2, 0, 2, 1, 2, 2, 2, 3}, []string{"api", "v1", "debug", "node"}, ""))
 	pattern_HeadscaleService_GetNode_0           = runtime.MustPattern(runtime.NewPattern(1, []int{2, 0, 2, 1, 2, 2, 1, 0, 4, 1, 5, 3}, []string{"api", "v1", "node", "node_id"}, ""))
@@ -1832,7 +1898,6 @@ var (
 	pattern_HeadscaleService_ExpireNode_0        = runtime.MustPattern(runtime.NewPattern(1, []int{2, 0, 2, 1, 2, 2, 1, 0, 4, 1, 5, 3, 2, 4}, []string{"api", "v1", "node", "node_id", "expire"}, ""))
 	pattern_HeadscaleService_RenameNode_0        = runtime.MustPattern(runtime.NewPattern(1, []int{2, 0, 2, 1, 2, 2, 1, 0, 4, 1, 5, 3, 2, 4, 1, 0, 4, 1, 5, 5}, []string{"api", "v1", "node", "node_id", "rename", "new_name"}, ""))
 	pattern_HeadscaleService_ListNodes_0         = runtime.MustPattern(runtime.NewPattern(1, []int{2, 0, 2, 1, 2, 2}, []string{"api", "v1", "node"}, ""))
-	pattern_HeadscaleService_MoveNode_0          = runtime.MustPattern(runtime.NewPattern(1, []int{2, 0, 2, 1, 2, 2, 1, 0, 4, 1, 5, 3, 2, 4}, []string{"api", "v1", "node", "node_id", "user"}, ""))
 	pattern_HeadscaleService_BackfillNodeIPs_0   = runtime.MustPattern(runtime.NewPattern(1, []int{2, 0, 2, 1, 2, 2, 2, 3}, []string{"api", "v1", "node", "backfillips"}, ""))
 	pattern_HeadscaleService_CreateApiKey_0      = runtime.MustPattern(runtime.NewPattern(1, []int{2, 0, 2, 1, 2, 2}, []string{"api", "v1", "apikey"}, ""))
 	pattern_HeadscaleService_ExpireApiKey_0      = runtime.MustPattern(runtime.NewPattern(1, []int{2, 0, 2, 1, 2, 2, 2, 3}, []string{"api", "v1", "apikey", "expire"}, ""))
@@ -1850,6 +1915,7 @@ var (
 	forward_HeadscaleService_ListUsers_0         = runtime.ForwardResponseMessage
 	forward_HeadscaleService_CreatePreAuthKey_0  = runtime.ForwardResponseMessage
 	forward_HeadscaleService_ExpirePreAuthKey_0  = runtime.ForwardResponseMessage
+	forward_HeadscaleService_DeletePreAuthKey_0  = runtime.ForwardResponseMessage
 	forward_HeadscaleService_ListPreAuthKeys_0   = runtime.ForwardResponseMessage
 	forward_HeadscaleService_DebugCreateNode_0   = runtime.ForwardResponseMessage
 	forward_HeadscaleService_GetNode_0           = runtime.ForwardResponseMessage
@@ -1860,7 +1926,6 @@ var (
 	forward_HeadscaleService_ExpireNode_0        = runtime.ForwardResponseMessage
 	forward_HeadscaleService_RenameNode_0        = runtime.ForwardResponseMessage
 	forward_HeadscaleService_ListNodes_0         = runtime.ForwardResponseMessage
-	forward_HeadscaleService_MoveNode_0          = runtime.ForwardResponseMessage
 	forward_HeadscaleService_BackfillNodeIPs_0   = runtime.ForwardResponseMessage
 	forward_HeadscaleService_CreateApiKey_0      = runtime.ForwardResponseMessage
 	forward_HeadscaleService_ExpireApiKey_0      = runtime.ForwardResponseMessage

gen/go/headscale/v1/headscale_grpc.pb.go

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 // Code generated by protoc-gen-go-grpc. DO NOT EDIT.
 // versions:
-// - protoc-gen-go-grpc v1.5.1
+// - protoc-gen-go-grpc v1.6.0
 // - protoc             (unknown)
 // source: headscale/v1/headscale.proto
 
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ const (
 	HeadscaleService_ListUsers_FullMethodName         = "/headscale.v1.HeadscaleService/ListUsers"
 	HeadscaleService_CreatePreAuthKey_FullMethodName  = "/headscale.v1.HeadscaleService/CreatePreAuthKey"
 	HeadscaleService_ExpirePreAuthKey_FullMethodName  = "/headscale.v1.HeadscaleService/ExpirePreAuthKey"
+	HeadscaleService_DeletePreAuthKey_FullMethodName  = "/headscale.v1.HeadscaleService/DeletePreAuthKey"
 	HeadscaleService_ListPreAuthKeys_FullMethodName   = "/headscale.v1.HeadscaleService/ListPreAuthKeys"
 	HeadscaleService_DebugCreateNode_FullMethodName   = "/headscale.v1.HeadscaleService/DebugCreateNode"
 	HeadscaleService_GetNode_FullMethodName           = "/headscale.v1.HeadscaleService/GetNode"
@@ -35,7 +36,6 @@ const (
 	HeadscaleService_ExpireNode_FullMethodName        = "/headscale.v1.HeadscaleService/ExpireNode"
 	HeadscaleService_RenameNode_FullMethodName        = "/headscale.v1.HeadscaleService/RenameNode"
 	HeadscaleService_ListNodes_FullMethodName         = "/headscale.v1.HeadscaleService/ListNodes"
-	HeadscaleService_MoveNode_FullMethodName          = "/headscale.v1.HeadscaleService/MoveNode"
 	HeadscaleService_BackfillNodeIPs_FullMethodName   = "/headscale.v1.HeadscaleService/BackfillNodeIPs"
 	HeadscaleService_CreateApiKey_FullMethodName      = "/headscale.v1.HeadscaleService/CreateApiKey"
 	HeadscaleService_ExpireApiKey_FullMethodName      = "/headscale.v1.HeadscaleService/ExpireApiKey"
@@ -58,6 +58,7 @@ type HeadscaleServiceClient interface {
 	// --- PreAuthKeys start ---
 	CreatePreAuthKey(ctx context.Context, in *CreatePreAuthKeyRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*CreatePreAuthKeyResponse, error)
 	ExpirePreAuthKey(ctx context.Context, in *ExpirePreAuthKeyRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*ExpirePreAuthKeyResponse, error)
+	DeletePreAuthKey(ctx context.Context, in *DeletePreAuthKeyRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*DeletePreAuthKeyResponse, error)
 	ListPreAuthKeys(ctx context.Context, in *ListPreAuthKeysRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*ListPreAuthKeysResponse, error)
 	// --- Node start ---
 	DebugCreateNode(ctx context.Context, in *DebugCreateNodeRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*DebugCreateNodeResponse, error)
@@ -69,7 +70,6 @@ type HeadscaleServiceClient interface {
 	ExpireNode(ctx context.Context, in *ExpireNodeRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*ExpireNodeResponse, error)
 	RenameNode(ctx context.Context, in *RenameNodeRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*RenameNodeResponse, error)
 	ListNodes(ctx context.Context, in *ListNodesRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*ListNodesResponse, error)
-	MoveNode(ctx context.Context, in *MoveNodeRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*MoveNodeResponse, error)
 	BackfillNodeIPs(ctx context.Context, in *BackfillNodeIPsRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*BackfillNodeIPsResponse, error)
 	// --- ApiKeys start ---
 	CreateApiKey(ctx context.Context, in *CreateApiKeyRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*CreateApiKeyResponse, error)
@@ -151,6 +151,16 @@ func (c *headscaleServiceClient) ExpirePreAuthKey(ctx context.Context, in *Expir
 	return out, nil
 }
 
+func (c *headscaleServiceClient) DeletePreAuthKey(ctx context.Context, in *DeletePreAuthKeyRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*DeletePreAuthKeyResponse, error) {
+	cOpts := append([]grpc.CallOption{grpc.StaticMethod()}, opts...)
+	out := new(DeletePreAuthKeyResponse)
+	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, HeadscaleService_DeletePreAuthKey_FullMethodName, in, out, cOpts...)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}
+
 func (c *headscaleServiceClient) ListPreAuthKeys(ctx context.Context, in *ListPreAuthKeysRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*ListPreAuthKeysResponse, error) {
 	cOpts := append([]grpc.CallOption{grpc.StaticMethod()}, opts...)
 	out := new(ListPreAuthKeysResponse)
@@ -251,16 +261,6 @@ func (c *headscaleServiceClient) ListNodes(ctx context.Context, in *ListNodesReq
 	return out, nil
 }
 
-func (c *headscaleServiceClient) MoveNode(ctx context.Context, in *MoveNodeRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*MoveNodeResponse, error) {
-	cOpts := append([]grpc.CallOption{grpc.StaticMethod()}, opts...)
-	out := new(MoveNodeResponse)
-	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, HeadscaleService_MoveNode_FullMethodName, in, out, cOpts...)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	return out, nil
-}
-
 func (c *headscaleServiceClient) BackfillNodeIPs(ctx context.Context, in *BackfillNodeIPsRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*BackfillNodeIPsResponse, error) {
 	cOpts := append([]grpc.CallOption{grpc.StaticMethod()}, opts...)
 	out := new(BackfillNodeIPsResponse)
@@ -353,6 +353,7 @@ type HeadscaleServiceServer interface {
 	// --- PreAuthKeys start ---
 	CreatePreAuthKey(context.Context, *CreatePreAuthKeyRequest) (*CreatePreAuthKeyResponse, error)
 	ExpirePreAuthKey(context.Context, *ExpirePreAuthKeyRequest) (*ExpirePreAuthKeyResponse, error)
+	DeletePreAuthKey(context.Context, *DeletePreAuthKeyRequest) (*DeletePreAuthKeyResponse, error)
 	ListPreAuthKeys(context.Context, *ListPreAuthKeysRequest) (*ListPreAuthKeysResponse, error)
 	// --- Node start ---
 	DebugCreateNode(context.Context, *DebugCreateNodeRequest) (*DebugCreateNodeResponse, error)
@@ -364,7 +365,6 @@ type HeadscaleServiceServer interface {
 	ExpireNode(context.Context, *ExpireNodeRequest) (*ExpireNodeResponse, error)
 	RenameNode(context.Context, *RenameNodeRequest) (*RenameNodeResponse, error)
 	ListNodes(context.Context, *ListNodesRequest) (*ListNodesResponse, error)
-	MoveNode(context.Context, *MoveNodeRequest) (*MoveNodeResponse, error)
 	BackfillNodeIPs(context.Context, *BackfillNodeIPsRequest) (*BackfillNodeIPsResponse, error)
 	// --- ApiKeys start ---
 	CreateApiKey(context.Context, *CreateApiKeyRequest) (*CreateApiKeyResponse, error)
@@ -387,79 +387,79 @@ type HeadscaleServiceServer interface {
 type UnimplementedHeadscaleServiceServer struct{}
 
 func (UnimplementedHeadscaleServiceServer) CreateUser(context.Context, *CreateUserRequest) (*CreateUserResponse, error) {
-	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method CreateUser not implemented")
+	return nil, status.Error(codes.Unimplemented, "method CreateUser not implemented")
 }
 func (UnimplementedHeadscaleServiceServer) RenameUser(context.Context, *RenameUserRequest) (*RenameUserResponse, error) {
-	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method RenameUser not implemented")
+	return nil, status.Error(codes.Unimplemented, "method RenameUser not implemented")
 }
 func (UnimplementedHeadscaleServiceServer) DeleteUser(context.Context, *DeleteUserRequest) (*DeleteUserResponse, error) {
-	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method DeleteUser not implemented")
+	return nil, status.Error(codes.Unimplemented, "method DeleteUser not implemented")
 }
 func (UnimplementedHeadscaleServiceServer) ListUsers(context.Context, *ListUsersRequest) (*ListUsersResponse, error) {
-	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method ListUsers not implemented")
+	return nil, status.Error(codes.Unimplemented, "method ListUsers not implemented")
 }
 func (UnimplementedHeadscaleServiceServer) CreatePreAuthKey(context.Context, *CreatePreAuthKeyRequest) (*CreatePreAuthKeyResponse, error) {
-	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method CreatePreAuthKey not implemented")
+	return nil, status.Error(codes.Unimplemented, "method CreatePreAuthKey not implemented")
 }
 func (UnimplementedHeadscaleServiceServer) ExpirePreAuthKey(context.Context, *ExpirePreAuthKeyRequest) (*ExpirePreAuthKeyResponse, error) {
-	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method ExpirePreAuthKey not implemented")
+	return nil, status.Error(codes.Unimplemented, "method ExpirePreAuthKey not implemented")
+}
+func (UnimplementedHeadscaleServiceServer) DeletePreAuthKey(context.Context, *DeletePreAuthKeyRequest) (*DeletePreAuthKeyResponse, error) {
+	return nil, status.Error(codes.Unimplemented, "method DeletePreAuthKey not implemented")
 }
 func (UnimplementedHeadscaleServiceServer) ListPreAuthKeys(context.Context, *ListPreAuthKeysRequest) (*ListPreAuthKeysResponse, error) {
-	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method ListPreAuthKeys not implemented")
+	return nil, status.Error(codes.Unimplemented, "method ListPreAuthKeys not implemented")
 }
 func (UnimplementedHeadscaleServiceServer) DebugCreateNode(context.Context, *DebugCreateNodeRequest) (*DebugCreateNodeResponse, error) {
-	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method DebugCreateNode not implemented")
+	return nil, status.Error(codes.Unimplemented, "method DebugCreateNode not implemented")
 }
 func (UnimplementedHeadscaleServiceServer) GetNode(context.Context, *GetNodeRequest) (*GetNodeResponse, error) {
-	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method GetNode not implemented")
+	return nil, status.Error(codes.Unimplemented, "method GetNode not implemented")
 }
 func (UnimplementedHeadscaleServiceServer) SetTags(context.Context, *SetTagsRequest) (*SetTagsResponse, error) {
-	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method SetTags not implemented")
+	return nil, status.Error(codes.Unimplemented, "method SetTags not implemented")
 }
 func (UnimplementedHeadscaleServiceServer) SetApprovedRoutes(context.Context, *SetApprovedRoutesRequest) (*SetApprovedRoutesResponse, error) {
-	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method SetApprovedRoutes not implemented")
+	return nil, status.Error(codes.Unimplemented, "method SetApprovedRoutes not implemented")
 }
 func (UnimplementedHeadscaleServiceServer) RegisterNode(context.Context, *RegisterNodeRequest) (*RegisterNodeResponse, error) {
-	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method RegisterNode not implemented")
+	return nil, status.Error(codes.Unimplemented, "method RegisterNode not implemented")
 }
 func (UnimplementedHeadscaleServiceServer) DeleteNode(context.Context, *DeleteNodeRequest) (*DeleteNodeResponse, error) {
-	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method DeleteNode not implemented")
+	return nil, status.Error(codes.Unimplemented, "method DeleteNode not implemented")
 }
 func (UnimplementedHeadscaleServiceServer) ExpireNode(context.Context, *ExpireNodeRequest) (*ExpireNodeResponse, error) {
-	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method ExpireNode not implemented")
+	return nil, status.Error(codes.Unimplemented, "method ExpireNode not implemented")
 }
 func (UnimplementedHeadscaleServiceServer) RenameNode(context.Context, *RenameNodeRequest) (*RenameNodeResponse, error) {
-	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method RenameNode not implemented")
+	return nil, status.Error(codes.Unimplemented, "method RenameNode not implemented")
 }
 func (UnimplementedHeadscaleServiceServer) ListNodes(context.Context, *ListNodesRequest) (*ListNodesResponse, error) {
-	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method ListNodes not implemented")
-}
-func (UnimplementedHeadscaleServiceServer) MoveNode(context.Context, *MoveNodeRequest) (*MoveNodeResponse, error) {
-	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method MoveNode not implemented")
+	return nil, status.Error(codes.Unimplemented, "method ListNodes not implemented")
 }
 func (UnimplementedHeadscaleServiceServer) BackfillNodeIPs(context.Context, *BackfillNodeIPsRequest) (*BackfillNodeIPsResponse, error) {
-	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method BackfillNodeIPs not implemented")
+	return nil, status.Error(codes.Unimplemented, "method BackfillNodeIPs not implemented")
 }
 func (UnimplementedHeadscaleServiceServer) CreateApiKey(context.Context, *CreateApiKeyRequest) (*CreateApiKeyResponse, error) {
-	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method CreateApiKey not implemented")
+	return nil, status.Error(codes.Unimplemented, "method CreateApiKey not implemented")
 }
 func (UnimplementedHeadscaleServiceServer) ExpireApiKey(context.Context, *ExpireApiKeyRequest) (*ExpireApiKeyResponse, error) {
-	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method ExpireApiKey not implemented")
+	return nil, status.Error(codes.Unimplemented, "method ExpireApiKey not implemented")
 }
 func (UnimplementedHeadscaleServiceServer) ListApiKeys(context.Context, *ListApiKeysRequest) (*ListApiKeysResponse, error) {
-	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method ListApiKeys not implemented")
+	return nil, status.Error(codes.Unimplemented, "method ListApiKeys not implemented")
 }
 func (UnimplementedHeadscaleServiceServer) DeleteApiKey(context.Context, *DeleteApiKeyRequest) (*DeleteApiKeyResponse, error) {
-	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method DeleteApiKey not implemented")
+	return nil, status.Error(codes.Unimplemented, "method DeleteApiKey not implemented")
 }
 func (UnimplementedHeadscaleServiceServer) GetPolicy(context.Context, *GetPolicyRequest) (*GetPolicyResponse, error) {
-	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method GetPolicy not implemented")
+	return nil, status.Error(codes.Unimplemented, "method GetPolicy not implemented")
 }
 func (UnimplementedHeadscaleServiceServer) SetPolicy(context.Context, *SetPolicyRequest) (*SetPolicyResponse, error) {
-	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method SetPolicy not implemented")
+	return nil, status.Error(codes.Unimplemented, "method SetPolicy not implemented")
 }
 func (UnimplementedHeadscaleServiceServer) Health(context.Context, *HealthRequest) (*HealthResponse, error) {
-	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method Health not implemented")
+	return nil, status.Error(codes.Unimplemented, "method Health not implemented")
 }
 func (UnimplementedHeadscaleServiceServer) mustEmbedUnimplementedHeadscaleServiceServer() {}
 func (UnimplementedHeadscaleServiceServer) testEmbeddedByValue()                          {}
@@ -472,7 +472,7 @@ type UnsafeHeadscaleServiceServer interface {
 }
 
 func RegisterHeadscaleServiceServer(s grpc.ServiceRegistrar, srv HeadscaleServiceServer) {
-	// If the following call pancis, it indicates UnimplementedHeadscaleServiceServer was
+	// If the following call panics, it indicates UnimplementedHeadscaleServiceServer was
 	// embedded by pointer and is nil.  This will cause panics if an
 	// unimplemented method is ever invoked, so we test this at initialization
 	// time to prevent it from happening at runtime later due to I/O.
@@ -590,6 +590,24 @@ func _HeadscaleService_ExpirePreAuthKey_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Con
 	return interceptor(ctx, in, info, handler)
 }
 
+func _HeadscaleService_DeletePreAuthKey_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, dec func(interface{}) error, interceptor grpc.UnaryServerInterceptor) (interface{}, error) {
+	in := new(DeletePreAuthKeyRequest)
+	if err := dec(in); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if interceptor == nil {
+		return srv.(HeadscaleServiceServer).DeletePreAuthKey(ctx, in)
+	}
+	info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
+		Server:     srv,
+		FullMethod: HeadscaleService_DeletePreAuthKey_FullMethodName,
+	}
+	handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
+		return srv.(HeadscaleServiceServer).DeletePreAuthKey(ctx, req.(*DeletePreAuthKeyRequest))
+	}
+	return interceptor(ctx, in, info, handler)
+}
+
 func _HeadscaleService_ListPreAuthKeys_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, dec func(interface{}) error, interceptor grpc.UnaryServerInterceptor) (interface{}, error) {
 	in := new(ListPreAuthKeysRequest)
 	if err := dec(in); err != nil {
@@ -770,24 +788,6 @@ func _HeadscaleService_ListNodes_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, d
 	return interceptor(ctx, in, info, handler)
 }
 
-func _HeadscaleService_MoveNode_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, dec func(interface{}) error, interceptor grpc.UnaryServerInterceptor) (interface{}, error) {
-	in := new(MoveNodeRequest)
-	if err := dec(in); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	if interceptor == nil {
-		return srv.(HeadscaleServiceServer).MoveNode(ctx, in)
-	}
-	info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
-		Server:     srv,
-		FullMethod: HeadscaleService_MoveNode_FullMethodName,
-	}
-	handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
-		return srv.(HeadscaleServiceServer).MoveNode(ctx, req.(*MoveNodeRequest))
-	}
-	return interceptor(ctx, in, info, handler)
-}
-
 func _HeadscaleService_BackfillNodeIPs_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, dec func(interface{}) error, interceptor grpc.UnaryServerInterceptor) (interface{}, error) {
 	in := new(BackfillNodeIPsRequest)
 	if err := dec(in); err != nil {
@@ -963,6 +963,10 @@ var HeadscaleService_ServiceDesc = grpc.ServiceDesc{
 			MethodName: "ExpirePreAuthKey",
 			Handler:    _HeadscaleService_ExpirePreAuthKey_Handler,
 		},
+		{
+			MethodName: "DeletePreAuthKey",
+			Handler:    _HeadscaleService_DeletePreAuthKey_Handler,
+		},
 		{
 			MethodName: "ListPreAuthKeys",
 			Handler:    _HeadscaleService_ListPreAuthKeys_Handler,
@@ -1003,10 +1007,6 @@ var HeadscaleService_ServiceDesc = grpc.ServiceDesc{
 			MethodName: "ListNodes",
 			Handler:    _HeadscaleService_ListNodes_Handler,
 		},
-		{
-			MethodName: "MoveNode",
-			Handler:    _HeadscaleService_MoveNode_Handler,
-		},
 		{
 			MethodName: "BackfillNodeIPs",
 			Handler:    _HeadscaleService_BackfillNodeIPs_Handler,

gen/go/headscale/v1/node.pb.go

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 // Code generated by protoc-gen-go. DO NOT EDIT.
 // versions:
-// 	protoc-gen-go v1.36.10
+// 	protoc-gen-go v1.36.11
 // 	protoc        (unknown)
 // source: headscale/v1/node.proto
 
@@ -75,27 +75,29 @@ func (RegisterMethod) EnumDescriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
 }
 
 type Node struct {
-	state           protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
-	Id              uint64                 `protobuf:"varint,1,opt,name=id,proto3" json:"id,omitempty"`
-	MachineKey      string                 `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=machine_key,json=machineKey,proto3" json:"machine_key,omitempty"`
-	NodeKey         string                 `protobuf:"bytes,3,opt,name=node_key,json=nodeKey,proto3" json:"node_key,omitempty"`
-	DiscoKey        string                 `protobuf:"bytes,4,opt,name=disco_key,json=discoKey,proto3" json:"disco_key,omitempty"`
-	IpAddresses     []string               `protobuf:"bytes,5,rep,name=ip_addresses,json=ipAddresses,proto3" json:"ip_addresses,omitempty"`
-	Name            string                 `protobuf:"bytes,6,opt,name=name,proto3" json:"name,omitempty"`
-	User            *User                  `protobuf:"bytes,7,opt,name=user,proto3" json:"user,omitempty"`
-	LastSeen        *timestamppb.Timestamp `protobuf:"bytes,8,opt,name=last_seen,json=lastSeen,proto3" json:"last_seen,omitempty"`
-	Expiry          *timestamppb.Timestamp `protobuf:"bytes,10,opt,name=expiry,proto3" json:"expiry,omitempty"`
-	PreAuthKey      *PreAuthKey            `protobuf:"bytes,11,opt,name=pre_auth_key,json=preAuthKey,proto3" json:"pre_auth_key,omitempty"`
-	CreatedAt       *timestamppb.Timestamp `protobuf:"bytes,12,opt,name=created_at,json=createdAt,proto3" json:"created_at,omitempty"`
-	RegisterMethod  RegisterMethod         `protobuf:"varint,13,opt,name=register_method,json=registerMethod,proto3,enum=headscale.v1.RegisterMethod" json:"register_method,omitempty"`
-	ForcedTags      []string               `protobuf:"bytes,18,rep,name=forced_tags,json=forcedTags,proto3" json:"forced_tags,omitempty"`
-	InvalidTags     []string               `protobuf:"bytes,19,rep,name=invalid_tags,json=invalidTags,proto3" json:"invalid_tags,omitempty"`
-	ValidTags       []string               `protobuf:"bytes,20,rep,name=valid_tags,json=validTags,proto3" json:"valid_tags,omitempty"`
-	GivenName       string                 `protobuf:"bytes,21,opt,name=given_name,json=givenName,proto3" json:"given_name,omitempty"`
-	Online          bool                   `protobuf:"varint,22,opt,name=online,proto3" json:"online,omitempty"`
-	ApprovedRoutes  []string               `protobuf:"bytes,23,rep,name=approved_routes,json=approvedRoutes,proto3" json:"approved_routes,omitempty"`
-	AvailableRoutes []string               `protobuf:"bytes,24,rep,name=available_routes,json=availableRoutes,proto3" json:"available_routes,omitempty"`
-	SubnetRoutes    []string               `protobuf:"bytes,25,rep,name=subnet_routes,json=subnetRoutes,proto3" json:"subnet_routes,omitempty"`
+	state          protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
+	Id             uint64                 `protobuf:"varint,1,opt,name=id,proto3" json:"id,omitempty"`
+	MachineKey     string                 `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=machine_key,json=machineKey,proto3" json:"machine_key,omitempty"`
+	NodeKey        string                 `protobuf:"bytes,3,opt,name=node_key,json=nodeKey,proto3" json:"node_key,omitempty"`
+	DiscoKey       string                 `protobuf:"bytes,4,opt,name=disco_key,json=discoKey,proto3" json:"disco_key,omitempty"`
+	IpAddresses    []string               `protobuf:"bytes,5,rep,name=ip_addresses,json=ipAddresses,proto3" json:"ip_addresses,omitempty"`
+	Name           string                 `protobuf:"bytes,6,opt,name=name,proto3" json:"name,omitempty"`
+	User           *User                  `protobuf:"bytes,7,opt,name=user,proto3" json:"user,omitempty"`
+	LastSeen       *timestamppb.Timestamp `protobuf:"bytes,8,opt,name=last_seen,json=lastSeen,proto3" json:"last_seen,omitempty"`
+	Expiry         *timestamppb.Timestamp `protobuf:"bytes,10,opt,name=expiry,proto3" json:"expiry,omitempty"`
+	PreAuthKey     *PreAuthKey            `protobuf:"bytes,11,opt,name=pre_auth_key,json=preAuthKey,proto3" json:"pre_auth_key,omitempty"`
+	CreatedAt      *timestamppb.Timestamp `protobuf:"bytes,12,opt,name=created_at,json=createdAt,proto3" json:"created_at,omitempty"`
+	RegisterMethod RegisterMethod         `protobuf:"varint,13,opt,name=register_method,json=registerMethod,proto3,enum=headscale.v1.RegisterMethod" json:"register_method,omitempty"`
+	// Deprecated
+	// repeated string forced_tags = 18;
+	// repeated string invalid_tags = 19;
+	// repeated string valid_tags = 20;
+	GivenName       string   `protobuf:"bytes,21,opt,name=given_name,json=givenName,proto3" json:"given_name,omitempty"`
+	Online          bool     `protobuf:"varint,22,opt,name=online,proto3" json:"online,omitempty"`
+	ApprovedRoutes  []string `protobuf:"bytes,23,rep,name=approved_routes,json=approvedRoutes,proto3" json:"approved_routes,omitempty"`
+	AvailableRoutes []string `protobuf:"bytes,24,rep,name=available_routes,json=availableRoutes,proto3" json:"available_routes,omitempty"`
+	SubnetRoutes    []string `protobuf:"bytes,25,rep,name=subnet_routes,json=subnetRoutes,proto3" json:"subnet_routes,omitempty"`
+	Tags            []string `protobuf:"bytes,26,rep,name=tags,proto3" json:"tags,omitempty"`
 	unknownFields   protoimpl.UnknownFields
 	sizeCache       protoimpl.SizeCache
 }
@@ -214,27 +216,6 @@ func (x *Node) GetRegisterMethod() RegisterMethod {
 	return RegisterMethod_REGISTER_METHOD_UNSPECIFIED
 }
 
-func (x *Node) GetForcedTags() []string {
-	if x != nil {
-		return x.ForcedTags
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (x *Node) GetInvalidTags() []string {
-	if x != nil {
-		return x.InvalidTags
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (x *Node) GetValidTags() []string {
-	if x != nil {
-		return x.ValidTags
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
 func (x *Node) GetGivenName() string {
 	if x != nil {
 		return x.GivenName
@@ -270,6 +251,13 @@ func (x *Node) GetSubnetRoutes() []string {
 	return nil
 }
 
+func (x *Node) GetTags() []string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Tags
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 type RegisterNodeRequest struct {
 	state         protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
 	User          string                 `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=user,proto3" json:"user,omitempty"`
@@ -1006,102 +994,6 @@ func (x *ListNodesResponse) GetNodes() []*Node {
 	return nil
 }
 
-type MoveNodeRequest struct {
-	state         protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
-	NodeId        uint64                 `protobuf:"varint,1,opt,name=node_id,json=nodeId,proto3" json:"node_id,omitempty"`
-	User          uint64                 `protobuf:"varint,2,opt,name=user,proto3" json:"user,omitempty"`
-	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
-	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
-}
-
-func (x *MoveNodeRequest) Reset() {
-	*x = MoveNodeRequest{}
-	mi := &file_headscale_v1_node_proto_msgTypes[17]
-	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
-	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
-}
-
-func (x *MoveNodeRequest) String() string {
-	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
-}
-
-func (*MoveNodeRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
-
-func (x *MoveNodeRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_headscale_v1_node_proto_msgTypes[17]
-	if x != nil {
-		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
-		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
-			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
-		}
-		return ms
-	}
-	return mi.MessageOf(x)
-}
-
-// Deprecated: Use MoveNodeRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
-func (*MoveNodeRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_headscale_v1_node_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{17}
-}
-
-func (x *MoveNodeRequest) GetNodeId() uint64 {
-	if x != nil {
-		return x.NodeId
-	}
-	return 0
-}
-
-func (x *MoveNodeRequest) GetUser() uint64 {
-	if x != nil {
-		return x.User
-	}
-	return 0
-}
-
-type MoveNodeResponse struct {
-	state         protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
-	Node          *Node                  `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=node,proto3" json:"node,omitempty"`
-	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
-	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
-}
-
-func (x *MoveNodeResponse) Reset() {
-	*x = MoveNodeResponse{}
-	mi := &file_headscale_v1_node_proto_msgTypes[18]
-	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
-	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
-}
-
-func (x *MoveNodeResponse) String() string {
-	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
-}
-
-func (*MoveNodeResponse) ProtoMessage() {}
-
-func (x *MoveNodeResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_headscale_v1_node_proto_msgTypes[18]
-	if x != nil {
-		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
-		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
-			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
-		}
-		return ms
-	}
-	return mi.MessageOf(x)
-}
-
-// Deprecated: Use MoveNodeResponse.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
-func (*MoveNodeResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_headscale_v1_node_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{18}
-}
-
-func (x *MoveNodeResponse) GetNode() *Node {
-	if x != nil {
-		return x.Node
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
 type DebugCreateNodeRequest struct {
 	state         protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
 	User          string                 `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=user,proto3" json:"user,omitempty"`
@@ -1114,7 +1006,7 @@ type DebugCreateNodeRequest struct {
 
 func (x *DebugCreateNodeRequest) Reset() {
 	*x = DebugCreateNodeRequest{}
-	mi := &file_headscale_v1_node_proto_msgTypes[19]
+	mi := &file_headscale_v1_node_proto_msgTypes[17]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
@@ -1126,7 +1018,7 @@ func (x *DebugCreateNodeRequest) String() string {
 func (*DebugCreateNodeRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *DebugCreateNodeRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_headscale_v1_node_proto_msgTypes[19]
+	mi := &file_headscale_v1_node_proto_msgTypes[17]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -1139,7 +1031,7 @@ func (x *DebugCreateNodeRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use DebugCreateNodeRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*DebugCreateNodeRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_headscale_v1_node_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{19}
+	return file_headscale_v1_node_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{17}
 }
 
 func (x *DebugCreateNodeRequest) GetUser() string {
@@ -1179,7 +1071,7 @@ type DebugCreateNodeResponse struct {
 
 func (x *DebugCreateNodeResponse) Reset() {
 	*x = DebugCreateNodeResponse{}
-	mi := &file_headscale_v1_node_proto_msgTypes[20]
+	mi := &file_headscale_v1_node_proto_msgTypes[18]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
@@ -1191,7 +1083,7 @@ func (x *DebugCreateNodeResponse) String() string {
 func (*DebugCreateNodeResponse) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *DebugCreateNodeResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_headscale_v1_node_proto_msgTypes[20]
+	mi := &file_headscale_v1_node_proto_msgTypes[18]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -1204,7 +1096,7 @@ func (x *DebugCreateNodeResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use DebugCreateNodeResponse.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*DebugCreateNodeResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_headscale_v1_node_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{20}
+	return file_headscale_v1_node_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{18}
 }
 
 func (x *DebugCreateNodeResponse) GetNode() *Node {
@@ -1223,7 +1115,7 @@ type BackfillNodeIPsRequest struct {
 
 func (x *BackfillNodeIPsRequest) Reset() {
 	*x = BackfillNodeIPsRequest{}
-	mi := &file_headscale_v1_node_proto_msgTypes[21]
+	mi := &file_headscale_v1_node_proto_msgTypes[19]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
@@ -1235,7 +1127,7 @@ func (x *BackfillNodeIPsRequest) String() string {
 func (*BackfillNodeIPsRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *BackfillNodeIPsRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_headscale_v1_node_proto_msgTypes[21]
+	mi := &file_headscale_v1_node_proto_msgTypes[19]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -1248,7 +1140,7 @@ func (x *BackfillNodeIPsRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use BackfillNodeIPsRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*BackfillNodeIPsRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_headscale_v1_node_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{21}
+	return file_headscale_v1_node_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{19}
 }
 
 func (x *BackfillNodeIPsRequest) GetConfirmed() bool {
@@ -1267,7 +1159,7 @@ type BackfillNodeIPsResponse struct {
 
 func (x *BackfillNodeIPsResponse) Reset() {
 	*x = BackfillNodeIPsResponse{}
-	mi := &file_headscale_v1_node_proto_msgTypes[22]
+	mi := &file_headscale_v1_node_proto_msgTypes[20]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
@@ -1279,7 +1171,7 @@ func (x *BackfillNodeIPsResponse) String() string {
 func (*BackfillNodeIPsResponse) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *BackfillNodeIPsResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_headscale_v1_node_proto_msgTypes[22]
+	mi := &file_headscale_v1_node_proto_msgTypes[20]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -1292,7 +1184,7 @@ func (x *BackfillNodeIPsResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use BackfillNodeIPsResponse.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*BackfillNodeIPsResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_headscale_v1_node_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{22}
+	return file_headscale_v1_node_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{20}
 }
 
 func (x *BackfillNodeIPsResponse) GetChanges() []string {
@@ -1306,7 +1198,7 @@ var File_headscale_v1_node_proto protoreflect.FileDescriptor
 
 const file_headscale_v1_node_proto_rawDesc = "" +
 	"\n" +
-	"\x17headscale/v1/node.proto\x12\fheadscale.v1\x1a\x1fgoogle/protobuf/timestamp.proto\x1a\x1dheadscale/v1/preauthkey.proto\x1a\x17headscale/v1/user.proto\"\x98\x06\n" +
+	"\x17headscale/v1/node.proto\x12\fheadscale.v1\x1a\x1fgoogle/protobuf/timestamp.proto\x1a\x1dheadscale/v1/preauthkey.proto\x1a\x17headscale/v1/user.proto\"\xc9\x05\n" +
 	"\x04Node\x12\x0e\n" +
 	"\x02id\x18\x01 \x01(\x04R\x02id\x12\x1f\n" +
 	"\vmachine_key\x18\x02 \x01(\tR\n" +
@@ -1323,19 +1215,15 @@ const file_headscale_v1_node_proto_rawDesc = "" +
 	"preAuthKey\x129\n" +
 	"\n" +
 	"created_at\x18\f \x01(\v2\x1a.google.protobuf.TimestampR\tcreatedAt\x12E\n" +
-	"\x0fregister_method\x18\r \x01(\x0e2\x1c.headscale.v1.RegisterMethodR\x0eregisterMethod\x12\x1f\n" +
-	"\vforced_tags\x18\x12 \x03(\tR\n" +
-	"forcedTags\x12!\n" +
-	"\finvalid_tags\x18\x13 \x03(\tR\vinvalidTags\x12\x1d\n" +
-	"\n" +
-	"valid_tags\x18\x14 \x03(\tR\tvalidTags\x12\x1d\n" +
+	"\x0fregister_method\x18\r \x01(\x0e2\x1c.headscale.v1.RegisterMethodR\x0eregisterMethod\x12\x1d\n" +
 	"\n" +
 	"given_name\x18\x15 \x01(\tR\tgivenName\x12\x16\n" +
 	"\x06online\x18\x16 \x01(\bR\x06online\x12'\n" +
 	"\x0fapproved_routes\x18\x17 \x03(\tR\x0eapprovedRoutes\x12)\n" +
 	"\x10available_routes\x18\x18 \x03(\tR\x0favailableRoutes\x12#\n" +
-	"\rsubnet_routes\x18\x19 \x03(\tR\fsubnetRoutesJ\x04\b\t\x10\n" +
-	"J\x04\b\x0e\x10\x12\";\n" +
+	"\rsubnet_routes\x18\x19 \x03(\tR\fsubnetRoutes\x12\x12\n" +
+	"\x04tags\x18\x1a \x03(\tR\x04tagsJ\x04\b\t\x10\n" +
+	"J\x04\b\x0e\x10\x15\";\n" +
 	"\x13RegisterNodeRequest\x12\x12\n" +
 	"\x04user\x18\x01 \x01(\tR\x04user\x12\x10\n" +
 	"\x03key\x18\x02 \x01(\tR\x03key\">\n" +
@@ -1371,12 +1259,7 @@ const file_headscale_v1_node_proto_rawDesc = "" +
 	"\x10ListNodesRequest\x12\x12\n" +
 	"\x04user\x18\x01 \x01(\tR\x04user\"=\n" +
 	"\x11ListNodesResponse\x12(\n" +
-	"\x05nodes\x18\x01 \x03(\v2\x12.headscale.v1.NodeR\x05nodes\">\n" +
-	"\x0fMoveNodeRequest\x12\x17\n" +
-	"\anode_id\x18\x01 \x01(\x04R\x06nodeId\x12\x12\n" +
-	"\x04user\x18\x02 \x01(\x04R\x04user\":\n" +
-	"\x10MoveNodeResponse\x12&\n" +
-	"\x04node\x18\x01 \x01(\v2\x12.headscale.v1.NodeR\x04node\"j\n" +
+	"\x05nodes\x18\x01 \x03(\v2\x12.headscale.v1.NodeR\x05nodes\"j\n" +
 	"\x16DebugCreateNodeRequest\x12\x12\n" +
 	"\x04user\x18\x01 \x01(\tR\x04user\x12\x10\n" +
 	"\x03key\x18\x02 \x01(\tR\x03key\x12\x12\n" +
@@ -1407,7 +1290,7 @@ func file_headscale_v1_node_proto_rawDescGZIP() []byte {
 }
 
 var file_headscale_v1_node_proto_enumTypes = make([]protoimpl.EnumInfo, 1)
-var file_headscale_v1_node_proto_msgTypes = make([]protoimpl.MessageInfo, 23)
+var file_headscale_v1_node_proto_msgTypes = make([]protoimpl.MessageInfo, 21)
 var file_headscale_v1_node_proto_goTypes = []any{
 	(RegisterMethod)(0),               // 0: headscale.v1.RegisterMethod
 	(*Node)(nil),                      // 1: headscale.v1.Node
@@ -1427,38 +1310,35 @@ var file_headscale_v1_node_proto_goTypes = []any{
 	(*RenameNodeResponse)(nil),        // 15: headscale.v1.RenameNodeResponse
 	(*ListNodesRequest)(nil),          // 16: headscale.v1.ListNodesRequest
 	(*ListNodesResponse)(nil),         // 17: headscale.v1.ListNodesResponse
-	(*MoveNodeRequest)(nil),           // 18: headscale.v1.MoveNodeRequest
-	(*MoveNodeResponse)(nil),          // 19: headscale.v1.MoveNodeResponse
-	(*DebugCreateNodeRequest)(nil),    // 20: headscale.v1.DebugCreateNodeRequest
-	(*DebugCreateNodeResponse)(nil),   // 21: headscale.v1.DebugCreateNodeResponse
-	(*BackfillNodeIPsRequest)(nil),    // 22: headscale.v1.BackfillNodeIPsRequest
-	(*BackfillNodeIPsResponse)(nil),   // 23: headscale.v1.BackfillNodeIPsResponse
-	(*User)(nil),                      // 24: headscale.v1.User
-	(*timestamppb.Timestamp)(nil),     // 25: google.protobuf.Timestamp
-	(*PreAuthKey)(nil),                // 26: headscale.v1.PreAuthKey
+	(*DebugCreateNodeRequest)(nil),    // 18: headscale.v1.DebugCreateNodeRequest
+	(*DebugCreateNodeResponse)(nil),   // 19: headscale.v1.DebugCreateNodeResponse
+	(*BackfillNodeIPsRequest)(nil),    // 20: headscale.v1.BackfillNodeIPsRequest
+	(*BackfillNodeIPsResponse)(nil),   // 21: headscale.v1.BackfillNodeIPsResponse
+	(*User)(nil),                      // 22: headscale.v1.User
+	(*timestamppb.Timestamp)(nil),     // 23: google.protobuf.Timestamp
+	(*PreAuthKey)(nil),                // 24: headscale.v1.PreAuthKey
 }
 var file_headscale_v1_node_proto_depIdxs = []int32{
-	24, // 0: headscale.v1.Node.user:type_name -> headscale.v1.User
-	25, // 1: headscale.v1.Node.last_seen:type_name -> google.protobuf.Timestamp
-	25, // 2: headscale.v1.Node.expiry:type_name -> google.protobuf.Timestamp
-	26, // 3: headscale.v1.Node.pre_auth_key:type_name -> headscale.v1.PreAuthKey
-	25, // 4: headscale.v1.Node.created_at:type_name -> google.protobuf.Timestamp
+	22, // 0: headscale.v1.Node.user:type_name -> headscale.v1.User
+	23, // 1: headscale.v1.Node.last_seen:type_name -> google.protobuf.Timestamp
+	23, // 2: headscale.v1.Node.expiry:type_name -> google.protobuf.Timestamp
+	24, // 3: headscale.v1.Node.pre_auth_key:type_name -> headscale.v1.PreAuthKey
+	23, // 4: headscale.v1.Node.created_at:type_name -> google.protobuf.Timestamp
 	0,  // 5: headscale.v1.Node.register_method:type_name -> headscale.v1.RegisterMethod
 	1,  // 6: headscale.v1.RegisterNodeResponse.node:type_name -> headscale.v1.Node
 	1,  // 7: headscale.v1.GetNodeResponse.node:type_name -> headscale.v1.Node
 	1,  // 8: headscale.v1.SetTagsResponse.node:type_name -> headscale.v1.Node
 	1,  // 9: headscale.v1.SetApprovedRoutesResponse.node:type_name -> headscale.v1.Node
-	25, // 10: headscale.v1.ExpireNodeRequest.expiry:type_name -> google.protobuf.Timestamp
+	23, // 10: headscale.v1.ExpireNodeRequest.expiry:type_name -> google.protobuf.Timestamp
 	1,  // 11: headscale.v1.ExpireNodeResponse.node:type_name -> headscale.v1.Node
 	1,  // 12: headscale.v1.RenameNodeResponse.node:type_name -> headscale.v1.Node
 	1,  // 13: headscale.v1.ListNodesResponse.nodes:type_name -> headscale.v1.Node
-	1,  // 14: headscale.v1.MoveNodeResponse.node:type_name -> headscale.v1.Node
-	1,  // 15: headscale.v1.DebugCreateNodeResponse.node:type_name -> headscale.v1.Node
-	16, // [16:16] is the sub-list for method output_type
-	16, // [16:16] is the sub-list for method input_type
-	16, // [16:16] is the sub-list for extension type_name
-	16, // [16:16] is the sub-list for extension extendee
-	0,  // [0:16] is the sub-list for field type_name
+	1,  // 14: headscale.v1.DebugCreateNodeResponse.node:type_name -> headscale.v1.Node
+	15, // [15:15] is the sub-list for method output_type
+	15, // [15:15] is the sub-list for method input_type
+	15, // [15:15] is the sub-list for extension type_name
+	15, // [15:15] is the sub-list for extension extendee
+	0,  // [0:15] is the sub-list for field type_name
 }
 
 func init() { file_headscale_v1_node_proto_init() }
@@ -1474,7 +1354,7 @@ func file_headscale_v1_node_proto_init() {
 			GoPackagePath: reflect.TypeOf(x{}).PkgPath(),
 			RawDescriptor: unsafe.Slice(unsafe.StringData(file_headscale_v1_node_proto_rawDesc), len(file_headscale_v1_node_proto_rawDesc)),
 			NumEnums:      1,
-			NumMessages:   23,
+			NumMessages:   21,
 			NumExtensions: 0,
 			NumServices:   0,
 		},

gen/go/headscale/v1/policy.pb.go

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 // Code generated by protoc-gen-go. DO NOT EDIT.
 // versions:
-// 	protoc-gen-go v1.36.10
+// 	protoc-gen-go v1.36.11
 // 	protoc        (unknown)
 // source: headscale/v1/policy.proto
 

gen/go/headscale/v1/preauthkey.pb.go

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 // Code generated by protoc-gen-go. DO NOT EDIT.
 // versions:
-// 	protoc-gen-go v1.36.10
+// 	protoc-gen-go v1.36.11
 // 	protoc        (unknown)
 // source: headscale/v1/preauthkey.proto
 
@@ -252,8 +252,7 @@ func (x *CreatePreAuthKeyResponse) GetPreAuthKey() *PreAuthKey {
 
 type ExpirePreAuthKeyRequest struct {
 	state         protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
-	User          uint64                 `protobuf:"varint,1,opt,name=user,proto3" json:"user,omitempty"`
-	Key           string                 `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=key,proto3" json:"key,omitempty"`
+	Id            uint64                 `protobuf:"varint,1,opt,name=id,proto3" json:"id,omitempty"`
 	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
 	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
 }
@@ -288,20 +287,13 @@ func (*ExpirePreAuthKeyRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
 	return file_headscale_v1_preauthkey_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{3}
 }
 
-func (x *ExpirePreAuthKeyRequest) GetUser() uint64 {
+func (x *ExpirePreAuthKeyRequest) GetId() uint64 {
 	if x != nil {
-		return x.User
+		return x.Id
 	}
 	return 0
 }
 
-func (x *ExpirePreAuthKeyRequest) GetKey() string {
-	if x != nil {
-		return x.Key
-	}
-	return ""
-}
-
 type ExpirePreAuthKeyResponse struct {
 	state         protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
 	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
@@ -338,16 +330,95 @@ func (*ExpirePreAuthKeyResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
 	return file_headscale_v1_preauthkey_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{4}
 }
 
+type DeletePreAuthKeyRequest struct {
+	state         protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
+	Id            uint64                 `protobuf:"varint,1,opt,name=id,proto3" json:"id,omitempty"`
+	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
+	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+}
+
+func (x *DeletePreAuthKeyRequest) Reset() {
+	*x = DeletePreAuthKeyRequest{}
+	mi := &file_headscale_v1_preauthkey_proto_msgTypes[5]
+	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+}
+
+func (x *DeletePreAuthKeyRequest) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*DeletePreAuthKeyRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *DeletePreAuthKeyRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_headscale_v1_preauthkey_proto_msgTypes[5]
+	if x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use DeletePreAuthKeyRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*DeletePreAuthKeyRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_headscale_v1_preauthkey_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{5}
+}
+
+func (x *DeletePreAuthKeyRequest) GetId() uint64 {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Id
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
+type DeletePreAuthKeyResponse struct {
+	state         protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
+	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
+	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+}
+
+func (x *DeletePreAuthKeyResponse) Reset() {
+	*x = DeletePreAuthKeyResponse{}
+	mi := &file_headscale_v1_preauthkey_proto_msgTypes[6]
+	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+}
+
+func (x *DeletePreAuthKeyResponse) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*DeletePreAuthKeyResponse) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *DeletePreAuthKeyResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_headscale_v1_preauthkey_proto_msgTypes[6]
+	if x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use DeletePreAuthKeyResponse.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*DeletePreAuthKeyResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_headscale_v1_preauthkey_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{6}
+}
+
 type ListPreAuthKeysRequest struct {
 	state         protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
-	User          uint64                 `protobuf:"varint,1,opt,name=user,proto3" json:"user,omitempty"`
 	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
 	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
 }
 
 func (x *ListPreAuthKeysRequest) Reset() {
 	*x = ListPreAuthKeysRequest{}
-	mi := &file_headscale_v1_preauthkey_proto_msgTypes[5]
+	mi := &file_headscale_v1_preauthkey_proto_msgTypes[7]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
@@ -359,7 +430,7 @@ func (x *ListPreAuthKeysRequest) String() string {
 func (*ListPreAuthKeysRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *ListPreAuthKeysRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_headscale_v1_preauthkey_proto_msgTypes[5]
+	mi := &file_headscale_v1_preauthkey_proto_msgTypes[7]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -372,14 +443,7 @@ func (x *ListPreAuthKeysRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use ListPreAuthKeysRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*ListPreAuthKeysRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_headscale_v1_preauthkey_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{5}
-}
-
-func (x *ListPreAuthKeysRequest) GetUser() uint64 {
-	if x != nil {
-		return x.User
-	}
-	return 0
+	return file_headscale_v1_preauthkey_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{7}
 }
 
 type ListPreAuthKeysResponse struct {
@@ -391,7 +455,7 @@ type ListPreAuthKeysResponse struct {
 
 func (x *ListPreAuthKeysResponse) Reset() {
 	*x = ListPreAuthKeysResponse{}
-	mi := &file_headscale_v1_preauthkey_proto_msgTypes[6]
+	mi := &file_headscale_v1_preauthkey_proto_msgTypes[8]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
@@ -403,7 +467,7 @@ func (x *ListPreAuthKeysResponse) String() string {
 func (*ListPreAuthKeysResponse) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *ListPreAuthKeysResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_headscale_v1_preauthkey_proto_msgTypes[6]
+	mi := &file_headscale_v1_preauthkey_proto_msgTypes[8]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -416,7 +480,7 @@ func (x *ListPreAuthKeysResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use ListPreAuthKeysResponse.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*ListPreAuthKeysResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_headscale_v1_preauthkey_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{6}
+	return file_headscale_v1_preauthkey_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{8}
 }
 
 func (x *ListPreAuthKeysResponse) GetPreAuthKeys() []*PreAuthKey {
@@ -455,13 +519,14 @@ const file_headscale_v1_preauthkey_proto_rawDesc = "" +
 	"\bacl_tags\x18\x05 \x03(\tR\aaclTags\"V\n" +
 	"\x18CreatePreAuthKeyResponse\x12:\n" +
 	"\fpre_auth_key\x18\x01 \x01(\v2\x18.headscale.v1.PreAuthKeyR\n" +
-	"preAuthKey\"?\n" +
-	"\x17ExpirePreAuthKeyRequest\x12\x12\n" +
-	"\x04user\x18\x01 \x01(\x04R\x04user\x12\x10\n" +
-	"\x03key\x18\x02 \x01(\tR\x03key\"\x1a\n" +
-	"\x18ExpirePreAuthKeyResponse\",\n" +
-	"\x16ListPreAuthKeysRequest\x12\x12\n" +
-	"\x04user\x18\x01 \x01(\x04R\x04user\"W\n" +
+	"preAuthKey\")\n" +
+	"\x17ExpirePreAuthKeyRequest\x12\x0e\n" +
+	"\x02id\x18\x01 \x01(\x04R\x02id\"\x1a\n" +
+	"\x18ExpirePreAuthKeyResponse\")\n" +
+	"\x17DeletePreAuthKeyRequest\x12\x0e\n" +
+	"\x02id\x18\x01 \x01(\x04R\x02id\"\x1a\n" +
+	"\x18DeletePreAuthKeyResponse\"\x18\n" +
+	"\x16ListPreAuthKeysRequest\"W\n" +
 	"\x17ListPreAuthKeysResponse\x12<\n" +
 	"\rpre_auth_keys\x18\x01 \x03(\v2\x18.headscale.v1.PreAuthKeyR\vpreAuthKeysB)Z'github.com/juanfont/headscale/gen/go/v1b\x06proto3"
 
@@ -477,30 +542,32 @@ func file_headscale_v1_preauthkey_proto_rawDescGZIP() []byte {
 	return file_headscale_v1_preauthkey_proto_rawDescData
 }
 
-var file_headscale_v1_preauthkey_proto_msgTypes = make([]protoimpl.MessageInfo, 7)
+var file_headscale_v1_preauthkey_proto_msgTypes = make([]protoimpl.MessageInfo, 9)
 var file_headscale_v1_preauthkey_proto_goTypes = []any{
 	(*PreAuthKey)(nil),               // 0: headscale.v1.PreAuthKey
 	(*CreatePreAuthKeyRequest)(nil),  // 1: headscale.v1.CreatePreAuthKeyRequest
 	(*CreatePreAuthKeyResponse)(nil), // 2: headscale.v1.CreatePreAuthKeyResponse
 	(*ExpirePreAuthKeyRequest)(nil),  // 3: headscale.v1.ExpirePreAuthKeyRequest
 	(*ExpirePreAuthKeyResponse)(nil), // 4: headscale.v1.ExpirePreAuthKeyResponse
-	(*ListPreAuthKeysRequest)(nil),   // 5: headscale.v1.ListPreAuthKeysRequest
-	(*ListPreAuthKeysResponse)(nil),  // 6: headscale.v1.ListPreAuthKeysResponse
-	(*User)(nil),                     // 7: headscale.v1.User
-	(*timestamppb.Timestamp)(nil),    // 8: google.protobuf.Timestamp
+	(*DeletePreAuthKeyRequest)(nil),  // 5: headscale.v1.DeletePreAuthKeyRequest
+	(*DeletePreAuthKeyResponse)(nil), // 6: headscale.v1.DeletePreAuthKeyResponse
+	(*ListPreAuthKeysRequest)(nil),   // 7: headscale.v1.ListPreAuthKeysRequest
+	(*ListPreAuthKeysResponse)(nil),  // 8: headscale.v1.ListPreAuthKeysResponse
+	(*User)(nil),                     // 9: headscale.v1.User
+	(*timestamppb.Timestamp)(nil),    // 10: google.protobuf.Timestamp
 }
 var file_headscale_v1_preauthkey_proto_depIdxs = []int32{
-	7, // 0: headscale.v1.PreAuthKey.user:type_name -> headscale.v1.User
-	8, // 1: headscale.v1.PreAuthKey.expiration:type_name -> google.protobuf.Timestamp
-	8, // 2: headscale.v1.PreAuthKey.created_at:type_name -> google.protobuf.Timestamp
-	8, // 3: headscale.v1.CreatePreAuthKeyRequest.expiration:type_name -> google.protobuf.Timestamp
-	0, // 4: headscale.v1.CreatePreAuthKeyResponse.pre_auth_key:type_name -> headscale.v1.PreAuthKey
-	0, // 5: headscale.v1.ListPreAuthKeysResponse.pre_auth_keys:type_name -> headscale.v1.PreAuthKey
-	6, // [6:6] is the sub-list for method output_type
-	6, // [6:6] is the sub-list for method input_type
-	6, // [6:6] is the sub-list for extension type_name
-	6, // [6:6] is the sub-list for extension extendee
-	0, // [0:6] is the sub-list for field type_name
+	9,  // 0: headscale.v1.PreAuthKey.user:type_name -> headscale.v1.User
+	10, // 1: headscale.v1.PreAuthKey.expiration:type_name -> google.protobuf.Timestamp
+	10, // 2: headscale.v1.PreAuthKey.created_at:type_name -> google.protobuf.Timestamp
+	10, // 3: headscale.v1.CreatePreAuthKeyRequest.expiration:type_name -> google.protobuf.Timestamp
+	0,  // 4: headscale.v1.CreatePreAuthKeyResponse.pre_auth_key:type_name -> headscale.v1.PreAuthKey
+	0,  // 5: headscale.v1.ListPreAuthKeysResponse.pre_auth_keys:type_name -> headscale.v1.PreAuthKey
+	6,  // [6:6] is the sub-list for method output_type
+	6,  // [6:6] is the sub-list for method input_type
+	6,  // [6:6] is the sub-list for extension type_name
+	6,  // [6:6] is the sub-list for extension extendee
+	0,  // [0:6] is the sub-list for field type_name
 }
 
 func init() { file_headscale_v1_preauthkey_proto_init() }
@@ -515,7 +582,7 @@ func file_headscale_v1_preauthkey_proto_init() {
 			GoPackagePath: reflect.TypeOf(x{}).PkgPath(),
 			RawDescriptor: unsafe.Slice(unsafe.StringData(file_headscale_v1_preauthkey_proto_rawDesc), len(file_headscale_v1_preauthkey_proto_rawDesc)),
 			NumEnums:      0,
-			NumMessages:   7,
+			NumMessages:   9,
 			NumExtensions: 0,
 			NumServices:   0,
 		},

gen/go/headscale/v1/user.pb.go

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 // Code generated by protoc-gen-go. DO NOT EDIT.
 // versions:
-// 	protoc-gen-go v1.36.10
+// 	protoc-gen-go v1.36.11
 // 	protoc        (unknown)
 // source: headscale/v1/user.proto
 

gen/openapiv2/headscale/v1/headscale.swagger.json

@@ -124,6 +124,13 @@
             "in": "path",
             "required": true,
             "type": "string"
+          },
+          {
+            "name": "id",
+            "in": "query",
+            "required": false,
+            "type": "string",
+            "format": "uint64"
           }
         ],
         "tags": [
@@ -496,45 +503,6 @@
         ]
       }
     },
-    "/api/v1/node/{nodeId}/user": {
-      "post": {
-        "operationId": "HeadscaleService_MoveNode",
-        "responses": {
-          "200": {
-            "description": "A successful response.",
-            "schema": {
-              "$ref": "#/definitions/v1MoveNodeResponse"
-            }
-          },
-          "default": {
-            "description": "An unexpected error response.",
-            "schema": {
-              "$ref": "#/definitions/rpcStatus"
-            }
-          }
-        },
-        "parameters": [
-          {
-            "name": "nodeId",
-            "in": "path",
-            "required": true,
-            "type": "string",
-            "format": "uint64"
-          },
-          {
-            "name": "body",
-            "in": "body",
-            "required": true,
-            "schema": {
-              "$ref": "#/definitions/HeadscaleServiceMoveNodeBody"
-            }
-          }
-        ],
-        "tags": [
-          "HeadscaleService"
-        ]
-      }
-    },
     "/api/v1/policy": {
       "get": {
         "summary": "--- Policy start ---",
@@ -605,9 +573,29 @@
             }
           }
         },
+        "tags": [
+          "HeadscaleService"
+        ]
+      },
+      "delete": {
+        "operationId": "HeadscaleService_DeletePreAuthKey",
+        "responses": {
+          "200": {
+            "description": "A successful response.",
+            "schema": {
+              "$ref": "#/definitions/v1DeletePreAuthKeyResponse"
+            }
+          },
+          "default": {
+            "description": "An unexpected error response.",
+            "schema": {
+              "$ref": "#/definitions/rpcStatus"
+            }
+          }
+        },
         "parameters": [
           {
-            "name": "user",
+            "name": "id",
             "in": "query",
             "required": false,
             "type": "string",
@@ -826,15 +814,6 @@
     }
   },
   "definitions": {
-    "HeadscaleServiceMoveNodeBody": {
-      "type": "object",
-      "properties": {
-        "user": {
-          "type": "string",
-          "format": "uint64"
-        }
-      }
-    },
     "HeadscaleServiceSetApprovedRoutesBody": {
       "type": "object",
       "properties": {
@@ -1029,6 +1008,9 @@
     "v1DeleteNodeResponse": {
       "type": "object"
     },
+    "v1DeletePreAuthKeyResponse": {
+      "type": "object"
+    },
     "v1DeleteUserResponse": {
       "type": "object"
     },
@@ -1037,6 +1019,10 @@
       "properties": {
         "prefix": {
           "type": "string"
+        },
+        "id": {
+          "type": "string",
+          "format": "uint64"
         }
       }
     },
@@ -1054,12 +1040,9 @@
     "v1ExpirePreAuthKeyRequest": {
       "type": "object",
       "properties": {
-        "user": {
+        "id": {
           "type": "string",
           "format": "uint64"
-        },
-        "key": {
-          "type": "string"
         }
       }
     },
@@ -1142,14 +1125,6 @@
         }
       }
     },
-    "v1MoveNodeResponse": {
-      "type": "object",
-      "properties": {
-        "node": {
-          "$ref": "#/definitions/v1Node"
-        }
-      }
-    },
     "v1Node": {
       "type": "object",
       "properties": {
@@ -1196,26 +1171,9 @@
         "registerMethod": {
           "$ref": "#/definitions/v1RegisterMethod"
         },
-        "forcedTags": {
-          "type": "array",
-          "items": {
-            "type": "string"
-          }
-        },
-        "invalidTags": {
-          "type": "array",
-          "items": {
-            "type": "string"
-          }
-        },
-        "validTags": {
-          "type": "array",
-          "items": {
-            "type": "string"
-          }
-        },
         "givenName": {
-          "type": "string"
+          "type": "string",
+          "title": "Deprecated\nrepeated string forced_tags = 18;\nrepeated string invalid_tags = 19;\nrepeated string valid_tags = 20;"
         },
         "online": {
           "type": "boolean"
@@ -1237,6 +1195,12 @@
           "items": {
             "type": "string"
           }
+        },
+        "tags": {
+          "type": "array",
+          "items": {
+            "type": "string"
+          }
         }
       }
     },

go.mod

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 module github.com/juanfont/headscale
 
-go 1.25
+go 1.25.5
 
 require (
-	github.com/arl/statsviz v0.7.2
+	github.com/arl/statsviz v0.8.0
 	github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v5 v5.0.3
 	github.com/chasefleming/elem-go v0.31.0
 	github.com/coder/websocket v1.8.14
@@ -11,48 +11,47 @@ require (
 	github.com/creachadair/command v0.2.0
 	github.com/creachadair/flax v0.0.5
 	github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.2-0.20180830191138-d8f796af33cc
-	github.com/docker/docker v28.5.1+incompatible
+	github.com/docker/docker v28.5.2+incompatible
 	github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify v1.9.0
 	github.com/glebarez/sqlite v1.11.0
 	github.com/go-gormigrate/gormigrate/v2 v2.1.5
 	github.com/go-json-experiment/json v0.0.0-20250813024750-ebf49471dced
-	github.com/gofrs/uuid/v5 v5.3.2
+	github.com/gofrs/uuid/v5 v5.4.0
 	github.com/google/go-cmp v0.7.0
 	github.com/gorilla/mux v1.8.1
-	github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.27.3
+	github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.27.4
 	github.com/jagottsicher/termcolor v1.0.2
 	github.com/oauth2-proxy/mockoidc v0.0.0-20240214162133-caebfff84d25
 	github.com/ory/dockertest/v3 v3.12.0
 	github.com/philip-bui/grpc-zerolog v1.0.1
 	github.com/pkg/profile v1.7.0
 	github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.23.2
-	github.com/prometheus/common v0.66.1
+	github.com/prometheus/common v0.67.5
 	github.com/pterm/pterm v0.12.82
-	github.com/puzpuzpuz/xsync/v4 v4.2.0
+	github.com/puzpuzpuz/xsync/v4 v4.3.0
 	github.com/rs/zerolog v1.34.0
 	github.com/samber/lo v1.52.0
 	github.com/sasha-s/go-deadlock v0.3.6
-	github.com/spf13/cobra v1.10.1
+	github.com/spf13/cobra v1.10.2
 	github.com/spf13/viper v1.21.0
 	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.11.1
-	github.com/tailscale/hujson v0.0.0-20250226034555-ec1d1c113d33
-	github.com/tailscale/squibble v0.0.0-20251030164342-4d5df9caa993
-	github.com/tailscale/tailsql v0.0.0-20250421235516-02f85f087b97
+	github.com/tailscale/hujson v0.0.0-20250605163823-992244df8c5a
+	github.com/tailscale/squibble v0.0.0-20251104223530-a961feffb67f
+	github.com/tailscale/tailsql v0.0.0-20260105194658-001575c3ca09
 	github.com/tcnksm/go-latest v0.0.0-20170313132115-e3007ae9052e
 	go4.org/netipx v0.0.0-20231129151722-fdeea329fbba
-	golang.org/x/crypto v0.43.0
-	golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20251009144603-d2f985daa21b
-	golang.org/x/net v0.46.0
-	golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.32.0
-	golang.org/x/sync v0.17.0
-	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20250929231259-57b25ae835d4
-	google.golang.org/grpc v1.75.1
-	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.10
-	gopkg.in/check.v1 v1.0.0-20201130134442-10cb98267c6c
+	golang.org/x/crypto v0.46.0
+	golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20251023183803-a4bb9ffd2546
+	golang.org/x/net v0.48.0
+	golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.34.0
+	golang.org/x/sync v0.19.0
+	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20251222181119-0a764e51fe1b
+	google.golang.org/grpc v1.78.0
+	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.11
 	gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1
 	gorm.io/driver/postgres v1.6.0
-	gorm.io/gorm v1.31.0
-	tailscale.com v1.86.5
+	gorm.io/gorm v1.31.1
+	tailscale.com v1.94.0
 	zgo.at/zcache/v2 v2.4.1
 	zombiezen.com/go/postgrestest v1.0.1
 )
@@ -75,10 +74,10 @@ require (
 // together, e.g:
 // go get modernc.org/libc@v1.55.3 modernc.org/sqlite@v1.33.1
 require (
-	modernc.org/libc v1.66.10 // indirect
+	modernc.org/libc v1.67.6 // indirect
 	modernc.org/mathutil v1.7.1 // indirect
 	modernc.org/memory v1.11.0 // indirect
-	modernc.org/sqlite v1.39.1
+	modernc.org/sqlite v1.44.3
 )
 
 require (
@@ -92,32 +91,32 @@ require (
 	github.com/Nvveen/Gotty v0.0.0-20120604004816-cd527374f1e5 // indirect
 	github.com/akutz/memconn v0.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/alexbrainman/sspi v0.0.0-20231016080023-1a75b4708caa // indirect
-	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2 v1.36.0 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2 v1.41.0 // indirect
 	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/config v1.29.5 // indirect
 	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/credentials v1.17.58 // indirect
 	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/feature/ec2/imds v1.16.27 // indirect
-	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/internal/configsources v1.3.31 // indirect
-	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/internal/endpoints/v2 v2.6.31 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/internal/configsources v1.4.16 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/internal/endpoints/v2 v2.7.16 // indirect
 	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/internal/ini v1.8.2 // indirect
-	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/internal/accept-encoding v1.12.2 // indirect
-	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/internal/presigned-url v1.12.12 // indirect
-	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/ssm v1.45.0 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/internal/accept-encoding v1.13.4 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/internal/presigned-url v1.13.16 // indirect
 	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/sso v1.24.14 // indirect
 	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/ssooidc v1.28.13 // indirect
-	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/sts v1.33.13 // indirect
-	github.com/aws/smithy-go v1.22.2 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/sts v1.41.5 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/smithy-go v1.24.0 // indirect
+	github.com/axiomhq/hyperloglog v0.0.0-20240319100328-84253e514e02 // indirect
 	github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1 // indirect
 	github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v4 v4.3.0 // indirect
 	github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0 // indirect
 	github.com/clipperhouse/uax29/v2 v2.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/containerd/console v1.0.5 // indirect
 	github.com/containerd/continuity v0.4.5 // indirect
-	github.com/containerd/errdefs v0.3.0 // indirect
+	github.com/containerd/errdefs v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/containerd/errdefs/pkg v0.3.0 // indirect
-	github.com/coreos/go-iptables v0.7.1-0.20240112124308-65c67c9f46e6 // indirect
 	github.com/creachadair/mds v0.25.10 // indirect
+	github.com/creachadair/msync v0.7.1 // indirect
 	github.com/dblohm7/wingoes v0.0.0-20240123200102-b75a8a7d7eb0 // indirect
-	github.com/digitalocean/go-smbios v0.0.0-20180907143718-390a4f403a8e // indirect
+	github.com/dgryski/go-metro v0.0.0-20180109044635-280f6062b5bc // indirect
 	github.com/distribution/reference v0.6.0 // indirect
 	github.com/docker/cli v28.5.1+incompatible // indirect
 	github.com/docker/go-connections v0.6.0 // indirect
@@ -125,31 +124,29 @@ require (
 	github.com/dustin/go-humanize v1.0.1 // indirect
 	github.com/felixge/fgprof v0.9.5 // indirect
 	github.com/felixge/httpsnoop v1.0.4 // indirect
-	github.com/fxamacker/cbor/v2 v2.7.0 // indirect
+	github.com/fxamacker/cbor/v2 v2.9.0 // indirect
 	github.com/gaissmai/bart v0.18.0 // indirect
 	github.com/glebarez/go-sqlite v1.22.0 // indirect
 	github.com/go-jose/go-jose/v3 v3.0.4 // indirect
 	github.com/go-jose/go-jose/v4 v4.1.3 // indirect
 	github.com/go-logr/logr v1.4.3 // indirect
 	github.com/go-logr/stdr v1.2.2 // indirect
-	github.com/go-ole/go-ole v1.3.0 // indirect
 	github.com/go-viper/mapstructure/v2 v2.4.0 // indirect
 	github.com/godbus/dbus/v5 v5.1.1-0.20230522191255-76236955d466 // indirect
-	github.com/golang-jwt/jwt/v5 v5.2.2 // indirect
-	github.com/golang/groupcache v0.0.0-20210331224755-41bb18bfe9da // indirect
+	github.com/golang-jwt/jwt/v5 v5.3.0 // indirect
+	github.com/golang/groupcache v0.0.0-20241129210726-2c02b8208cf8 // indirect
 	github.com/golang/protobuf v1.5.4 // indirect
-	github.com/google/btree v1.1.2 // indirect
+	github.com/google/btree v1.1.3 // indirect
 	github.com/google/go-github v17.0.0+incompatible // indirect
 	github.com/google/go-querystring v1.1.0 // indirect
-	github.com/google/nftables v0.2.1-0.20240414091927-5e242ec57806 // indirect
 	github.com/google/pprof v0.0.0-20251007162407-5df77e3f7d1d // indirect
 	github.com/google/shlex v0.0.0-20191202100458-e7afc7fbc510 // indirect
 	github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0 // indirect
 	github.com/gookit/color v1.6.0 // indirect
-	github.com/gorilla/websocket v1.5.3 // indirect
+	github.com/gorilla/websocket v1.5.4-0.20250319132907-e064f32e3674 // indirect
 	github.com/hashicorp/go-version v1.7.0 // indirect
 	github.com/hdevalence/ed25519consensus v0.2.0 // indirect
-	github.com/illarion/gonotify/v3 v3.0.2 // indirect
+	github.com/huin/goupnp v1.3.0 // indirect
 	github.com/inconshreveable/mousetrap v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/jackc/pgpassfile v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/jackc/pgservicefile v0.0.0-20240606120523-5a60cdf6a761 // indirect
@@ -157,21 +154,15 @@ require (
 	github.com/jackc/puddle/v2 v2.2.2 // indirect
 	github.com/jinzhu/inflection v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/jinzhu/now v1.1.5 // indirect
-	github.com/jmespath/go-jmespath v0.4.0 // indirect
 	github.com/jsimonetti/rtnetlink v1.4.1 // indirect
-	github.com/klauspost/compress v1.18.1 // indirect
-	github.com/kr/pretty v0.3.1 // indirect
-	github.com/kr/text v0.2.0 // indirect
+	github.com/klauspost/compress v1.18.2 // indirect
 	github.com/lib/pq v1.10.9 // indirect
 	github.com/lithammer/fuzzysearch v1.1.8 // indirect
 	github.com/mattn/go-colorable v0.1.14 // indirect
 	github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.20 // indirect
 	github.com/mattn/go-runewidth v0.0.19 // indirect
-	github.com/mdlayher/genetlink v1.3.2 // indirect
 	github.com/mdlayher/netlink v1.7.3-0.20250113171957-fbb4dce95f42 // indirect
-	github.com/mdlayher/sdnotify v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/mdlayher/socket v0.5.0 // indirect
-	github.com/miekg/dns v1.1.58 // indirect
 	github.com/mitchellh/go-ps v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/moby/docker-image-spec v1.3.1 // indirect
 	github.com/moby/sys/atomicwriter v0.1.0 // indirect
@@ -185,13 +176,13 @@ require (
 	github.com/opencontainers/runc v1.3.2 // indirect
 	github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2 v2.2.4 // indirect
 	github.com/petermattis/goid v0.0.0-20250904145737-900bdf8bb490 // indirect
+	github.com/pires/go-proxyproto v0.8.1 // indirect
 	github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1 // indirect
 	github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.1-0.20181226105442-5d4384ee4fb2 // indirect
 	github.com/prometheus-community/pro-bing v0.4.0 // indirect
 	github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.6.2 // indirect
 	github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.16.1 // indirect
 	github.com/remyoudompheng/bigfft v0.0.0-20230129092748-24d4a6f8daec // indirect
-	github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal v1.14.1 // indirect
 	github.com/safchain/ethtool v0.3.0 // indirect
 	github.com/sagikazarmark/locafero v0.12.0 // indirect
 	github.com/sirupsen/logrus v1.9.3 // indirect
@@ -201,36 +192,33 @@ require (
 	github.com/subosito/gotenv v1.6.0 // indirect
 	github.com/tailscale/certstore v0.1.1-0.20231202035212-d3fa0460f47e // indirect
 	github.com/tailscale/go-winio v0.0.0-20231025203758-c4f33415bf55 // indirect
-	github.com/tailscale/goupnp v1.0.1-0.20210804011211-c64d0f06ea05 // indirect
-	github.com/tailscale/netlink v1.1.1-0.20240822203006-4d49adab4de7 // indirect
 	github.com/tailscale/peercred v0.0.0-20250107143737-35a0c7bd7edc // indirect
-	github.com/tailscale/setec v0.0.0-20250305161714-445cadbbca3d // indirect
+	github.com/tailscale/setec v0.0.0-20251203133219-2ab774e4129a // indirect
 	github.com/tailscale/web-client-prebuilt v0.0.0-20250124233751-d4cd19a26976 // indirect
 	github.com/tailscale/wireguard-go v0.0.0-20250716170648-1d0488a3d7da // indirect
-	github.com/vishvananda/netns v0.0.5 // indirect
 	github.com/x448/float16 v0.8.4 // indirect
 	github.com/xeipuuv/gojsonpointer v0.0.0-20190905194746-02993c407bfb // indirect
 	github.com/xeipuuv/gojsonreference v0.0.0-20180127040603-bd5ef7bd5415 // indirect
 	github.com/xeipuuv/gojsonschema v1.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/xo/terminfo v0.0.0-20220910002029-abceb7e1c41e // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/auto/sdk v1.1.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/net/http/otelhttp v0.58.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.37.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/auto/sdk v1.2.1 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/net/http/otelhttp v0.64.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.39.0 // indirect
 	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracehttp v1.36.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.37.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.37.0 // indirect
-	go.yaml.in/yaml/v2 v2.4.2 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.39.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.39.0 // indirect
+	go.yaml.in/yaml/v2 v2.4.3 // indirect
 	go.yaml.in/yaml/v3 v3.0.4 // indirect
 	go4.org/mem v0.0.0-20240501181205-ae6ca9944745 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/mod v0.29.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.37.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/term v0.36.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/text v0.30.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/time v0.11.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/tools v0.38.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/mod v0.30.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.40.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/term v0.38.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/text v0.32.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/time v0.12.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/tools v0.39.0 // indirect
 	golang.zx2c4.com/wintun v0.0.0-20230126152724-0fa3db229ce2 // indirect
 	golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/windows v0.5.3 // indirect
-	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20250929231259-57b25ae835d4 // indirect
+	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20251222181119-0a764e51fe1b // indirect
 	gvisor.dev/gvisor v0.0.0-20250205023644-9414b50a5633 // indirect
 )
 

go.sum

@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@ filippo.io/mkcert v1.4.4 h1:8eVbbwfVlaqUM7OwuftKc2nuYOoTDQWqsoXmzoXZdbc=
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@@ -37,11 +37,11 @@ github.com/alexbrainman/sspi v0.0.0-20231016080023-1a75b4708caa h1:LHTHcTQiSGT7V
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@@ -50,20 +50,20 @@ github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/credentials v1.17.58 h1:/d7FUpAPU8Lf2KUdjniQvfNdlMI
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@@ -74,10 +74,12 @@ github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/sso v1.24.14 h1:c5WJ3iHz7rLIgArznb3JCSQT3uU
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@@ -108,8 +110,8 @@ github.com/containerd/console v1.0.5 h1:R0ymNeydRqH2DmakFNdmjR2k0t7UPuiOV/N/27/q
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@@ -124,13 +126,12 @@ github.com/creachadair/command v0.2.0 h1:qTA9cMMhZePAxFoNdnk6F6nn94s1qPndIg9hJbq
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@@ -139,6 +140,8 @@ github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.2-0.20180830191138-d8f796af33cc h1:U9qPSI2PIWSS1
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@@ -147,8 +150,8 @@ github.com/djherbis/times v1.6.0 h1:w2ctJ92J8fBvWPxugmXIv7Nz7Q3iDMKNx9v5ocVH20c=
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@@ -164,8 +167,8 @@ github.com/frankban/quicktest v1.14.6 h1:7Xjx+VpznH+oBnejlPUj8oUpdxnVs4f8XU8WnHk
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@@ -201,16 +204,16 @@ github.com/gobwas/ws v1.2.1/go.mod h1:hRKAFb8wOxFROYNsT1bqfWnhX+b5MFeJM9r2ZSwg/K
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@@ -239,14 +242,19 @@ github.com/gookit/color v1.6.0 h1:JjJXBTk1ETNyqyilJhkTXJYYigHG24TM9Xa2M1xAhRA=
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@@ -273,15 +281,11 @@ github.com/jinzhu/now v1.1.5 h1:/o9tlHleP7gOFmsnYNz3RGnqzefHA47wQpKrrdTIwXQ=
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@@ -292,7 +296,6 @@ github.com/kortschak/wol v0.0.0-20200729010619-da482cc4850a/go.mod h1:YTtCCM3ryy
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@@ -368,7 +371,8 @@ github.com/philip-bui/grpc-zerolog v1.0.1 h1:EMacvLRUd2O1K0eWod27ZP5CY1iTNkhBDLS
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@@ -384,8 +388,8 @@ github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.23.2 h1:Je96obch5RDVy3FDMndoUsjAhG5Edi49h
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@@ -397,12 +401,11 @@ github.com/pterm/pterm v0.12.36/go.mod h1:NjiL09hFhT/vWjQHSj1athJpx6H8cjpHXNAK5b
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@@ -426,8 +429,8 @@ github.com/spf13/afero v1.15.0 h1:b/YBCLWAJdFWJTN9cLhiXXcD7mzKn9Dm86dNnfyQw1I=
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@@ -453,22 +456,18 @@ github.com/tailscale/go-winio v0.0.0-20231025203758-c4f33415bf55 h1:Gzfnfk2TWrk8
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@@ -487,7 +486,6 @@ github.com/u-root/u-root v0.14.0 h1:Ka4T10EEML7dQ5XDvO9c3MBN8z4nuSnGjcd1jmU2ivg=
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@@ -503,30 +501,30 @@ github.com/xo/terminfo v0.0.0-20210125001918-ca9a967f8778/go.mod h1:2MuV+tbUrU1z
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@@ -536,36 +534,34 @@ go4.org/netipx v0.0.0-20231129151722-fdeea329fbba/go.mod h1:PLyyIXexvUFg3Owu6p/W
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 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210330210617-4fbd30eecc44/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
@@ -586,8 +582,8 @@ golang.org/x/sys v0.6.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.8.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.12.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.17.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.37.0 h1:fdNQudmxPjkdUTPnLn5mdQv7Zwvbvpaxqs831goi9kQ=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.37.0/go.mod h1:OgkHotnGiDImocRcuBABYBEXf8A9a87e/uXjp9XT3ks=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.40.0 h1:DBZZqJ2Rkml6QMQsZywtnjnnGvHza6BTfYFWY9kjEWQ=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.40.0/go.mod h1:OgkHotnGiDImocRcuBABYBEXf8A9a87e/uXjp9XT3ks=
 golang.org/x/term v0.0.0-20201126162022-7de9c90e9dd1/go.mod h1:bj7SfCRtBDWHUb9snDiAeCFNEtKQo2Wmx5Cou7ajbmo=
 golang.org/x/term v0.0.0-20210220032956-6a3ed077a48d/go.mod h1:bj7SfCRtBDWHUb9snDiAeCFNEtKQo2Wmx5Cou7ajbmo=
 golang.org/x/term v0.0.0-20210615171337-6886f2dfbf5b/go.mod h1:jbD1KX2456YbFQfuXm/mYQcufACuNUgVhRMnK/tPxf8=
@@ -595,24 +591,24 @@ golang.org/x/term v0.0.0-20210927222741-03fcf44c2211/go.mod h1:jbD1KX2456YbFQfuX
 golang.org/x/term v0.5.0/go.mod h1:jMB1sMXY+tzblOD4FWmEbocvup2/aLOaQEp7JmGp78k=
 golang.org/x/term v0.8.0/go.mod h1:xPskH00ivmX89bAKVGSKKtLOWNx2+17Eiy94tnKShWo=
 golang.org/x/term v0.17.0/go.mod h1:lLRBjIVuehSbZlaOtGMbcMncT+aqLLLmKrsjNrUguwk=
-golang.org/x/term v0.36.0 h1:zMPR+aF8gfksFprF/Nc/rd1wRS1EI6nDBGyWAvDzx2Q=
-golang.org/x/term v0.36.0/go.mod h1:Qu394IJq6V6dCBRgwqshf3mPF85AqzYEzofzRdZkWss=
+golang.org/x/term v0.38.0 h1:PQ5pkm/rLO6HnxFR7N2lJHOZX6Kez5Y1gDSJla6jo7Q=
+golang.org/x/term v0.38.0/go.mod h1:bSEAKrOT1W+VSu9TSCMtoGEOUcKxOKgl3LE5QEF/xVg=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.0/go.mod h1:NqM8EUOU14njkJ3fqMW+pc6Ldnwhi/IjpwHt7yyuwOQ=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.3/go.mod h1:5Zoc/QRtKVWzQhOtBMvqHzDpF6irO9z98xDceosuGiQ=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.7/go.mod h1:u+2+/6zg+i71rQMx5EYifcz6MCKuco9NR6JIITiCfzQ=
 golang.org/x/text v0.7.0/go.mod h1:mrYo+phRRbMaCq/xk9113O4dZlRixOauAjOtrjsXDZ8=
 golang.org/x/text v0.9.0/go.mod h1:e1OnstbJyHTd6l/uOt8jFFHp6TRDWZR/bV3emEE/zU8=
 golang.org/x/text v0.14.0/go.mod h1:18ZOQIKpY8NJVqYksKHtTdi31H5itFRjB5/qKTNYzSU=
-golang.org/x/text v0.30.0 h1:yznKA/E9zq54KzlzBEAWn1NXSQ8DIp/NYMy88xJjl4k=
-golang.org/x/text v0.30.0/go.mod h1:yDdHFIX9t+tORqspjENWgzaCVXgk0yYnYuSZ8UzzBVM=
-golang.org/x/time v0.11.0 h1:/bpjEDfN9tkoN/ryeYHnv5hcMlc8ncjMcM4XBk5NWV0=
-golang.org/x/time v0.11.0/go.mod h1:CDIdPxbZBQxdj6cxyCIdrNogrJKMJ7pr37NYpMcMDSg=
+golang.org/x/text v0.32.0 h1:ZD01bjUt1FQ9WJ0ClOL5vxgxOI/sVCNgX1YtKwcY0mU=
+golang.org/x/text v0.32.0/go.mod h1:o/rUWzghvpD5TXrTIBuJU77MTaN0ljMWE47kxGJQ7jY=
+golang.org/x/time v0.12.0 h1:ScB/8o8olJvc+CQPWrK3fPZNfh7qgwCrY0zJmoEQLSE=
+golang.org/x/time v0.12.0/go.mod h1:CDIdPxbZBQxdj6cxyCIdrNogrJKMJ7pr37NYpMcMDSg=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20180917221912-90fa682c2a6e/go.mod h1:n7NCudcB/nEzxVGmLbDWY5pfWTLqBcC2KZ6jyYvM4mQ=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20191119224855-298f0cb1881e/go.mod h1:b+2E5dAYhXwXZwtnZ6UAqBI28+e2cm9otk0dWdXHAEo=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.1.12/go.mod h1:hNGJHUnrk76NpqgfD5Aqm5Crs+Hm0VOH/i9J2+nxYbc=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.6.0/go.mod h1:Xwgl3UAJ/d3gWutnCtw505GrjyAbvKui8lOU390QaIU=
-golang.org/x/tools v0.38.0 h1:Hx2Xv8hISq8Lm16jvBZ2VQf+RLmbd7wVUsALibYI/IQ=
-golang.org/x/tools v0.38.0/go.mod h1:yEsQ/d/YK8cjh0L6rZlY8tgtlKiBNTL14pGDJPJpYQs=
+golang.org/x/tools v0.39.0 h1:ik4ho21kwuQln40uelmciQPp9SipgNDdrafrYA4TmQQ=
+golang.org/x/tools v0.39.0/go.mod h1:JnefbkDPyD8UU2kI5fuf8ZX4/yUeh9W877ZeBONxUqQ=
 golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20190717185122-a985d3407aa7/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
 golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20191204190536-9bdfabe68543/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
 golang.zx2c4.com/wintun v0.0.0-20230126152724-0fa3db229ce2 h1:B82qJJgjvYKsXS9jeunTOisW56dUokqW/FOteYJJ/yg=
@@ -621,51 +617,50 @@ golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/windows v0.5.3 h1:On6j2Rpn3OEMXqBq00QEDC7bWSZrPIHKIus
 golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/windows v0.5.3/go.mod h1:9TEe8TJmtwyQebdFwAkEWOPr3prrtqm+REGFifP60hI=
 gonum.org/v1/gonum v0.16.0 h1:5+ul4Swaf3ESvrOnidPp4GZbzf0mxVQpDCYUQE7OJfk=
 gonum.org/v1/gonum v0.16.0/go.mod h1:fef3am4MQ93R2HHpKnLk4/Tbh/s0+wqD5nfa6Pnwy4E=
-google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20250929231259-57b25ae835d4 h1:8XJ4pajGwOlasW+L13MnEGA8W4115jJySQtVfS2/IBU=
-google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20250929231259-57b25ae835d4/go.mod h1:NnuHhy+bxcg30o7FnVAZbXsPHUDQ9qKWAQKCD7VxFtk=
-google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20250929231259-57b25ae835d4 h1:i8QOKZfYg6AbGVZzUAY3LrNWCKF8O6zFisU9Wl9RER4=
-google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20250929231259-57b25ae835d4/go.mod h1:HSkG/KdJWusxU1F6CNrwNDjBMgisKxGnc5dAZfT0mjQ=
-google.golang.org/grpc v1.75.1 h1:/ODCNEuf9VghjgO3rqLcfg8fiOP0nSluljWFlDxELLI=
-google.golang.org/grpc v1.75.1/go.mod h1:JtPAzKiq4v1xcAB2hydNlWI2RnF85XXcV0mhKXr2ecQ=
-google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.10 h1:AYd7cD/uASjIL6Q9LiTjz8JLcrh/88q5UObnmY3aOOE=
-google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.10/go.mod h1:HTf+CrKn2C3g5S8VImy6tdcUvCska2kB7j23XfzDpco=
+google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20251222181119-0a764e51fe1b h1:uA40e2M6fYRBf0+8uN5mLlqUtV192iiksiICIBkYJ1E=
+google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20251222181119-0a764e51fe1b/go.mod h1:Xa7le7qx2vmqB/SzWUBa7KdMjpdpAHlh5QCSnjessQk=
+google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20251222181119-0a764e51fe1b h1:Mv8VFug0MP9e5vUxfBcE3vUkV6CImK3cMNMIDFjmzxU=
+google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20251222181119-0a764e51fe1b/go.mod h1:j9x/tPzZkyxcgEFkiKEEGxfvyumM01BEtsW8xzOahRQ=
+google.golang.org/grpc v1.78.0 h1:K1XZG/yGDJnzMdd/uZHAkVqJE+xIDOcmdSFZkBUicNc=
+google.golang.org/grpc v1.78.0/go.mod h1:I47qjTo4OKbMkjA/aOOwxDIiPSBofUtQUI5EfpWvW7U=
+google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.11 h1:fV6ZwhNocDyBLK0dj+fg8ektcVegBBuEolpbTQyBNVE=
+google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.11/go.mod h1:HTf+CrKn2C3g5S8VImy6tdcUvCska2kB7j23XfzDpco=
 gopkg.in/check.v1 v0.0.0-20161208181325-20d25e280405/go.mod h1:Co6ibVJAznAaIkqp8huTwlJQCZ016jof/cbN4VW5Yz0=
 gopkg.in/check.v1 v1.0.0-20190902080502-41f04d3bba15/go.mod h1:Co6ibVJAznAaIkqp8huTwlJQCZ016jof/cbN4VW5Yz0=
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-gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.2.8/go.mod h1:hI93XBmqTisBFMUTm0b8Fm+jr3Dg1NNxqwp+5A1VGuI=
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 gorm.io/driver/postgres v1.6.0/go.mod h1:vUw0mrGgrTK+uPHEhAdV4sfFELrByKVGnaVRkXDhtWo=
-gorm.io/gorm v1.31.0 h1:0VlycGreVhK7RF/Bwt51Fk8v0xLiiiFdbGDPIZQ7mJY=
-gorm.io/gorm v1.31.0/go.mod h1:XyQVbO2k6YkOis7C2437jSit3SsDK72s7n7rsSHd+Gs=
+gorm.io/gorm v1.31.1 h1:7CA8FTFz/gRfgqgpeKIBcervUn3xSyPUmr6B2WXJ7kg=
+gorm.io/gorm v1.31.1/go.mod h1:XyQVbO2k6YkOis7C2437jSit3SsDK72s7n7rsSHd+Gs=
 gotest.tools/v3 v3.5.1 h1:EENdUnS3pdur5nybKYIh2Vfgc8IUNBjxDPSjtiJcOzU=
 gotest.tools/v3 v3.5.1/go.mod h1:isy3WKz7GK6uNw/sbHzfKBLvlvXwUyV06n6brMxxopU=
 gvisor.dev/gvisor v0.0.0-20250205023644-9414b50a5633 h1:2gap+Kh/3F47cO6hAu3idFvsJ0ue6TRcEi2IUkv/F8k=
 gvisor.dev/gvisor v0.0.0-20250205023644-9414b50a5633/go.mod h1:5DMfjtclAbTIjbXqO1qCe2K5GKKxWz2JHvCChuTcJEM=
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 howett.net/plist v1.0.0/go.mod h1:lqaXoTrLY4hg8tnEzNru53gicrbv7rrk+2xJA/7hw9g=
-modernc.org/cc/v4 v4.26.5 h1:xM3bX7Mve6G8K8b+T11ReenJOT+BmVqQj0FY5T4+5Y4=
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+modernc.org/cc/v4 v4.27.1/go.mod h1:uVtb5OGqUKpoLWhqwNQo/8LwvoiEBLvZXIQ/SmO6mL0=
+modernc.org/ccgo/v4 v4.30.1 h1:4r4U1J6Fhj98NKfSjnPUN7Ze2c6MnAdL0hWw6+LrJpc=
+modernc.org/ccgo/v4 v4.30.1/go.mod h1:bIOeI1JL54Utlxn+LwrFyjCx2n2RDiYEaJVSrgdrRfM=
 modernc.org/fileutil v1.3.40 h1:ZGMswMNc9JOCrcrakF1HrvmergNLAmxOPjizirpfqBA=
 modernc.org/fileutil v1.3.40/go.mod h1:HxmghZSZVAz/LXcMNwZPA/DRrQZEVP9VX0V4LQGQFOc=
 modernc.org/gc/v2 v2.6.5 h1:nyqdV8q46KvTpZlsw66kWqwXRHdjIlJOhG6kxiV/9xI=
 modernc.org/gc/v2 v2.6.5/go.mod h1:YgIahr1ypgfe7chRuJi2gD7DBQiKSLMPgBQe9oIiito=
+modernc.org/gc/v3 v3.1.1 h1:k8T3gkXWY9sEiytKhcgyiZ2L0DTyCQ/nvX+LoCljoRE=
+modernc.org/gc/v3 v3.1.1/go.mod h1:HFK/6AGESC7Ex+EZJhJ2Gni6cTaYpSMmU/cT9RmlfYY=
 modernc.org/goabi0 v0.2.0 h1:HvEowk7LxcPd0eq6mVOAEMai46V+i7Jrj13t4AzuNks=
 modernc.org/goabi0 v0.2.0/go.mod h1:CEFRnnJhKvWT1c1JTI3Avm+tgOWbkOu5oPA8eH8LnMI=
-modernc.org/libc v1.66.10 h1:yZkb3YeLx4oynyR+iUsXsybsX4Ubx7MQlSYEw4yj59A=
-modernc.org/libc v1.66.10/go.mod h1:8vGSEwvoUoltr4dlywvHqjtAqHBaw0j1jI7iFBTAr2I=
+modernc.org/libc v1.67.6 h1:eVOQvpModVLKOdT+LvBPjdQqfrZq+pC39BygcT+E7OI=
+modernc.org/libc v1.67.6/go.mod h1:JAhxUVlolfYDErnwiqaLvUqc8nfb2r6S6slAgZOnaiE=
 modernc.org/mathutil v1.7.1 h1:GCZVGXdaN8gTqB1Mf/usp1Y/hSqgI2vAGGP4jZMCxOU=
 modernc.org/mathutil v1.7.1/go.mod h1:4p5IwJITfppl0G4sUEDtCr4DthTaT47/N3aT6MhfgJg=
 modernc.org/memory v1.11.0 h1:o4QC8aMQzmcwCK3t3Ux/ZHmwFPzE6hf2Y5LbkRs+hbI=
@@ -674,16 +669,16 @@ modernc.org/opt v0.1.4 h1:2kNGMRiUjrp4LcaPuLY2PzUfqM/w9N23quVwhKt5Qm8=
 modernc.org/opt v0.1.4/go.mod h1:03fq9lsNfvkYSfxrfUhZCWPk1lm4cq4N+Bh//bEtgns=
 modernc.org/sortutil v1.2.1 h1:+xyoGf15mM3NMlPDnFqrteY07klSFxLElE2PVuWIJ7w=
 modernc.org/sortutil v1.2.1/go.mod h1:7ZI3a3REbai7gzCLcotuw9AC4VZVpYMjDzETGsSMqJE=
-modernc.org/sqlite v1.39.1 h1:H+/wGFzuSCIEVCvXYVHX5RQglwhMOvtHSv+VtidL2r4=
-modernc.org/sqlite v1.39.1/go.mod h1:9fjQZ0mB1LLP0GYrp39oOJXx/I2sxEnZtzCmEQIKvGE=
+modernc.org/sqlite v1.44.3 h1:+39JvV/HWMcYslAwRxHb8067w+2zowvFOUrOWIy9PjY=
+modernc.org/sqlite v1.44.3/go.mod h1:CzbrU2lSB1DKUusvwGz7rqEKIq+NUd8GWuBBZDs9/nA=
 modernc.org/strutil v1.2.1 h1:UneZBkQA+DX2Rp35KcM69cSsNES9ly8mQWD71HKlOA0=
 modernc.org/strutil v1.2.1/go.mod h1:EHkiggD70koQxjVdSBM3JKM7k6L0FbGE5eymy9i3B9A=
 modernc.org/token v1.1.0 h1:Xl7Ap9dKaEs5kLoOQeQmPWevfnk/DM5qcLcYlA8ys6Y=
 modernc.org/token v1.1.0/go.mod h1:UGzOrNV1mAFSEB63lOFHIpNRUVMvYTc6yu1SMY/XTDM=
 software.sslmate.com/src/go-pkcs12 v0.4.0 h1:H2g08FrTvSFKUj+D309j1DPfk5APnIdAQAB8aEykJ5k=
 software.sslmate.com/src/go-pkcs12 v0.4.0/go.mod h1:Qiz0EyvDRJjjxGyUQa2cCNZn/wMyzrRJ/qcDXOQazLI=
-tailscale.com v1.86.5 h1:yBtWFjuLYDmxVnfnvPbZNZcKADCYgNfMd0rUAOA9XCs=
-tailscale.com v1.86.5/go.mod h1:Lm8dnzU2i/Emw15r6sl3FRNp/liSQ/nYw6ZSQvIdZ1M=
+tailscale.com v1.94.0 h1:5oW3SF35aU9ekHDhP2J4CHewnA2NxE7SRilDB2pVjaA=
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 zgo.at/zcache/v2 v2.4.1 h1:Dfjoi8yI0Uq7NCc4lo2kaQJJmp9Mijo21gef+oJstbY=
 zgo.at/zcache/v2 v2.4.1/go.mod h1:gyCeoLVo01QjDZynjime8xUGHHMbsLiPyUTBpDGd4Gk=
 zombiezen.com/go/postgrestest v1.0.1 h1:aXoADQAJmZDU3+xilYVut0pHhgc0sF8ZspPW9gFNwP4=

hscontrol/app.go

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import (
 	"crypto/tls"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
+	"io"
 	"net"
 	"net/http"
 	_ "net/http/pprof" // nolint
@@ -270,7 +271,7 @@ func (h *Headscale) scheduledTasks(ctx context.Context) {
 			return
 
 		case <-expireTicker.C:
-			var expiredNodeChanges []change.ChangeSet
+			var expiredNodeChanges []change.Change
 			var changed bool
 
 			lastExpiryCheck, expiredNodeChanges, changed = h.state.ExpireExpiredNodes(lastExpiryCheck)
@@ -304,7 +305,7 @@ func (h *Headscale) scheduledTasks(ctx context.Context) {
 			}
 			h.state.SetDERPMap(derpMap)
 
-			h.Change(change.DERPSet)
+			h.Change(change.DERPMap())
 
 		case records, ok := <-extraRecordsUpdate:
 			if !ok {
@@ -312,7 +313,7 @@ func (h *Headscale) scheduledTasks(ctx context.Context) {
 			}
 			h.cfg.TailcfgDNSConfig.ExtraRecords = records
 
-			h.Change(change.ExtraRecordsSet)
+			h.Change(change.ExtraRecords())
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -476,8 +477,8 @@ func (h *Headscale) createRouter(grpcMux *grpcRuntime.ServeMux) *mux.Router {
 	apiRouter := router.PathPrefix("/api").Subrouter()
 	apiRouter.Use(h.httpAuthenticationMiddleware)
 	apiRouter.PathPrefix("/v1/").HandlerFunc(grpcMux.ServeHTTP)
-
-	router.PathPrefix("/").HandlerFunc(notFoundHandler)
+	router.HandleFunc("/favicon.ico", FaviconHandler)
+	router.PathPrefix("/").HandlerFunc(BlankHandler)
 
 	return router
 }
@@ -729,16 +730,27 @@ func (h *Headscale) Serve() error {
 	log.Info().
 		Msgf("listening and serving HTTP on: %s", h.cfg.Addr)
 
-	debugHTTPListener, err := net.Listen("tcp", h.cfg.MetricsAddr)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to bind to TCP address: %w", err)
+	// Only start debug/metrics server if address is configured
+	var debugHTTPServer *http.Server
+
+	var debugHTTPListener net.Listener
+
+	if h.cfg.MetricsAddr != "" {
+		debugHTTPListener, err = (&net.ListenConfig{}).Listen(ctx, "tcp", h.cfg.MetricsAddr)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to bind to TCP address: %w", err)
+		}
+
+		debugHTTPServer = h.debugHTTPServer()
+
+		errorGroup.Go(func() error { return debugHTTPServer.Serve(debugHTTPListener) })
+
+		log.Info().
+			Msgf("listening and serving debug and metrics on: %s", h.cfg.MetricsAddr)
+	} else {
+		log.Info().Msg("metrics server disabled (metrics_listen_addr is empty)")
 	}
 
-	debugHTTPServer := h.debugHTTPServer()
-	errorGroup.Go(func() error { return debugHTTPServer.Serve(debugHTTPListener) })
-
-	log.Info().
-		Msgf("listening and serving debug and metrics on: %s", h.cfg.MetricsAddr)
 
 	var tailsqlContext context.Context
 	if tailsqlEnabled {
@@ -794,16 +806,25 @@ func (h *Headscale) Serve() error {
 				h.ephemeralGC.Close()
 
 				// Gracefully shut down servers
-				ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(
-					context.Background(),
+				shutdownCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(
+					context.WithoutCancel(ctx),
 					types.HTTPShutdownTimeout,
 				)
-				info("shutting down debug http server")
-				if err := debugHTTPServer.Shutdown(ctx); err != nil {
-					log.Error().Err(err).Msg("failed to shutdown prometheus http")
+				defer cancel()
+
+				if debugHTTPServer != nil {
+					info("shutting down debug http server")
+
+					err := debugHTTPServer.Shutdown(shutdownCtx)
+					if err != nil {
+						log.Error().Err(err).Msg("failed to shutdown prometheus http")
+					}
 				}
+
 				info("shutting down main http server")
-				if err := httpServer.Shutdown(ctx); err != nil {
+
+				err := httpServer.Shutdown(shutdownCtx)
+				if err != nil {
 					log.Error().Err(err).Msg("failed to shutdown http")
 				}
 
@@ -829,7 +850,10 @@ func (h *Headscale) Serve() error {
 
 				// Close network listeners
 				info("closing network listeners")
-				debugHTTPListener.Close()
+
+				if debugHTTPListener != nil {
+					debugHTTPListener.Close()
+				}
 				httpListener.Close()
 				grpcGatewayConn.Close()
 
@@ -847,9 +871,6 @@ func (h *Headscale) Serve() error {
 				log.Info().
 					Msg("Headscale stopped")
 
-				// And we're done:
-				cancel()
-
 				return
 			}
 		}
@@ -877,6 +898,11 @@ func (h *Headscale) getTLSSettings() (*tls.Config, error) {
 			Cache:      autocert.DirCache(h.cfg.TLS.LetsEncrypt.CacheDir),
 			Client: &acme.Client{
 				DirectoryURL: h.cfg.ACMEURL,
+				HTTPClient: &http.Client{
+					Transport: &acmeLogger{
+						rt: http.DefaultTransport,
+					},
+				},
 			},
 			Email: h.cfg.ACMEEmail,
 		}
@@ -935,18 +961,6 @@ func (h *Headscale) getTLSSettings() (*tls.Config, error) {
 	}
 }
 
-func notFoundHandler(
-	writer http.ResponseWriter,
-	req *http.Request,
-) {
-	log.Trace().
-		Interface("header", req.Header).
-		Interface("proto", req.Proto).
-		Interface("url", req.URL).
-		Msg("Request did not match")
-	writer.WriteHeader(http.StatusNotFound)
-}
-
 func readOrCreatePrivateKey(path string) (*key.MachinePrivate, error) {
 	dir := filepath.Dir(path)
 	err := util.EnsureDir(dir)
@@ -994,6 +1008,31 @@ func readOrCreatePrivateKey(path string) (*key.MachinePrivate, error) {
 // Change is used to send changes to nodes.
 // All change should be enqueued here and empty will be automatically
 // ignored.
-func (h *Headscale) Change(cs ...change.ChangeSet) {
+func (h *Headscale) Change(cs ...change.Change) {
 	h.mapBatcher.AddWork(cs...)
 }
+
+// Provide some middleware that can inspect the ACME/autocert https calls
+// and log when things are failing.
+type acmeLogger struct {
+	rt http.RoundTripper
+}
+
+// RoundTrip will log when ACME/autocert failures happen either when err != nil OR
+// when http status codes indicate a failure has occurred.
+func (l *acmeLogger) RoundTrip(req *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
+	resp, err := l.rt.RoundTrip(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Error().Err(err).Str("url", req.URL.String()).Msg("ACME request failed")
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	if resp.StatusCode >= http.StatusBadRequest {
+		defer resp.Body.Close()
+
+		body, _ := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+		log.Error().Int("status_code", resp.StatusCode).Str("url", req.URL.String()).Bytes("body", body).Msg("ACME request returned error")
+	}
+
+	return resp, nil
+}

hscontrol/assets/assets.go

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+// Package assets provides embedded static assets for Headscale.
+// All static files (favicon, CSS, SVG) are embedded here for
+// centralized asset management.
+package assets
+
+import (
+	_ "embed"
+)
+
+// Favicon is the embedded favicon.png file served at /favicon.ico
+//
+//go:embed favicon.png
+var Favicon []byte
+
+// CSS is the embedded style.css stylesheet used in HTML templates.
+// Contains Material for MkDocs design system styles.
+//
+//go:embed style.css
+var CSS string
+
+// SVG is the embedded headscale.svg logo used in HTML templates.
+//
+//go:embed headscale.svg
+var SVG string

hscontrol/assets/oidc_callback_template.html

@@ -1,307 +0,0 @@
-<!doctype html>
-<html lang="en">
-  <head>
-    <meta charset="UTF-8" />
-    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
-    <title>Headscale Authentication Succeeded</title>
-    <style>
-      body {
-        font-size: 14px;
-        font-family:
-          system-ui,
-          -apple-system,
-          BlinkMacSystemFont,
-          "Segoe UI",
-          "Roboto",
-          "Oxygen",
-          "Ubuntu",
-          "Cantarell",
-          "Fira Sans",
-          "Droid Sans",
-          "Helvetica Neue",
-          sans-serif;
-      }
-
-      hr {
-        border-color: #fdfdfe;
-        margin: 24px 0;
-      }
-
-      .container {
-        display: flex;
-        justify-content: center;
-        align-items: center;
-        height: 70vh;
-      }
-
-      #logo {
-        display: block;
-        margin-left: -20px;
-        margin-bottom: 16px;
-      }
-
-      .message {
-        display: flex;
-        min-width: 40vw;
-        background: #fafdfa;
-        border: 1px solid #c6e9c9;
-        margin-bottom: 12px;
-        padding: 12px 16px 16px 12px;
-        position: relative;
-        border-radius: 2px;
-        font-size: 14px;
-      }
-
-      .message-content {
-        margin-left: 4px;
-      }
-
-      .message #checkbox {
-        fill: #2eb039;
-      }
-
-      .message .message-title {
-        color: #1e7125;
-        font-size: 16px;
-        font-weight: 700;
-        line-height: 1.25;
-      }
-
-      .message .message-body {
-        border: 0;
-        margin-top: 4px;
-      }
-
-      .message p {
-        font-size: 12px;
-        margin: 0;
-        padding: 0;
-        color: #17421b;
-      }
-
-      a {
-        display: block;
-        margin: 8px 0;
-        color: #1563ff;
-        text-decoration: none;
-        font-weight: 600;
-      }
-
-      a:hover {
-        color: black;
-      }
-
-      a svg {
-        fill: currentcolor;
-      }
-
-      .icon {
-        align-items: center;
-        display: inline-flex;
-        justify-content: center;
-        height: 21px;
-        width: 21px;
-        vertical-align: middle;
-      }
-
-      h1 {
-        font-size: 17.5px;
-        font-weight: 700;
-        margin-bottom: 0;
-      }
-
-      h1 + p {
-        margin: 8px 0 16px 0;
-      }
-    </style>
-  </head>
-  <body translate="no">
-    <div class="container">
-      <div>
-        <svg
-          id="logo"
-          width="146"
-          height="51"
-          xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
-          xml:space="preserve"
-          style="
-            fill-rule: evenodd;
-            clip-rule: evenodd;
-            stroke-linejoin: round;
-            stroke-miterlimit: 2;
-          "
-          viewBox="0 0 1280 640"
-        >
-          <path
-            d="M.08 0v-.736h.068v.3C.203-.509.27-.545.347-.545c.029 0 .055.005.079.015.024.01.045.025.062.045.017.02.031.045.041.075.009.03.014.065.014.105V0H.475v-.289C.475-.352.464-.4.443-.433.422-.466.385-.483.334-.483c-.027 0-.052.006-.075.017C.236-.455.216-.439.2-.419c-.017.02-.029.044-.038.072-.009.028-.014.059-.014.093V0H.08Z"
-            style="fill: #f8b5cb; fill-rule: nonzero"
-            transform="translate(32.92220721 521.8022953) scale(235.3092)"
-          />
-          <path
-            d="M.051-.264c0-.036.007-.071.02-.105.013-.034.031-.064.055-.09.023-.026.052-.047.086-.063.033-.015.071-.023.112-.023.039 0 .076.007.109.021.033.014.062.033.087.058.025.025.044.054.058.088.014.035.021.072.021.113v.005H.121c.001.031.007.059.018.084.01.025.024.047.042.065.018.019.04.033.065.043.025.01.052.015.082.015.026 0 .049-.003.069-.01.02-.007.038-.016.054-.028C.466-.102.48-.115.492-.13c.011-.015.022-.03.032-.046l.057.03C.556-.097.522-.058.48-.03.437-.001.387.013.328.013.284.013.245.006.21-.01.175-.024.146-.045.123-.07.1-.095.082-.125.07-.159.057-.192.051-.227.051-.264ZM.128-.32h.396C.51-.375.485-.416.449-.441.412-.466.371-.479.325-.479c-.048 0-.089.013-.123.039-.034.026-.059.066-.074.12Z"
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-            style="fill: #303030"
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-        </svg>
-        <div class="message is-success">
-          <svg
-            id="checkbox"
-            aria-hidden="true"
-            xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
-            width="20"
-            height="20"
-            viewBox="0 0 512 512"
-          >
-            <path
-              d="M256 32C132.3 32 32 132.3 32 256s100.3 224 224 224 224-100.3 224-224S379.7 32 256 32zm114.9 149.1L231.8 359.6c-1.1 1.1-2.9 3.5-5.1 3.5-2.3 0-3.8-1.6-5.1-2.9-1.3-1.3-78.9-75.9-78.9-75.9l-1.5-1.5c-.6-.9-1.1-2-1.1-3.2 0-1.2.5-2.3 1.1-3.2.4-.4.7-.7 1.1-1.2 7.7-8.1 23.3-24.5 24.3-25.5 1.3-1.3 2.4-3 4.8-3 2.5 0 4.1 2.1 5.3 3.3 1.2 1.2 45 43.3 45 43.3l111.3-143c1-.8 2.2-1.4 3.5-1.4 1.3 0 2.5.5 3.5 1.3l30.6 24.1c.8 1 1.3 2.2 1.3 3.5.1 1.3-.4 2.4-1 3.3z"
-            ></path>
-          </svg>
-          <div class="message-content">
-            <div class="message-title">Signed in via your OIDC provider</div>
-            <p class="message-body">
-              {{.Verb}} as {{.User}}, you can now close this window.
-            </p>
-          </div>
-        </div>
-        <hr />
-        <h1>Not sure how to get started?</h1>
-        <p class="learn">
-          Check out beginner and advanced guides on, or read more in the
-          documentation.
-        </p>
-        <a
-          href="https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/tree/main/docs"
-          rel="noreferrer noopener"
-          target="_blank"
-        >
-          <span class="icon">
-            <svg
-              width="16"
-              height="16"
-              viewBox="0 0 16 16"
-              xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
-            >
-              <path
-                d="M13.307 1H11.5a.5.5 0 1 1 0-1h3a.499.499 0 0 1 .5.65V3.5a.5.5 0 1 1-1 0V1.72l-1.793 1.774a.5.5 0 0 1-.713-.701L13.307 1zM12 14V8a.5.5 0 1 1 1 0v6.5a.5.5 0 0 1-.5.5H.563a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5v-13a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5H8a.5.5 0 0 1 0 1H1v12h11zM4 6a.5.5 0 0 1 0-1h3a.5.5 0 0 1 0 1H4zm0 2.5a.5.5 0 0 1 0-1h5a.5.5 0 0 1 0 1H4zM4 11a.5.5 0 1 1 0-1h5a.5.5 0 1 1 0 1H4z"
-              />
-            </svg>
-          </span>
-          View the headscale documentation
-        </a>
-        <a
-          href="https://tailscale.com/kb/"
-          rel="noreferrer noopener"
-          target="_blank"
-        >
-          <span class="icon">
-            <svg
-              width="16"
-              height="16"
-              viewBox="0 0 16 16"
-              xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
-            >
-              <path
-                d="M13.307 1H11.5a.5.5 0 1 1 0-1h3a.499.499 0 0 1 .5.65V3.5a.5.5 0 1 1-1 0V1.72l-1.793 1.774a.5.5 0 0 1-.713-.701L13.307 1zM12 14V8a.5.5 0 1 1 1 0v6.5a.5.5 0 0 1-.5.5H.563a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5v-13a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5H8a.5.5 0 0 1 0 1H1v12h11zM4 6a.5.5 0 0 1 0-1h3a.5.5 0 0 1 0 1H4zm0 2.5a.5.5 0 0 1 0-1h5a.5.5 0 0 1 0 1H4zM4 11a.5.5 0 1 1 0-1h5a.5.5 0 1 1 0 1H4z"
-              />
-            </svg>
-          </span>
-          View the tailscale documentation
-        </a>
-      </div>
-    </div>
-  </body>
-</html>

hscontrol/assets/style.css

@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+/* CSS Variables from Material for MkDocs */
+:root {
+  --md-default-fg-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87);
+  --md-default-fg-color--light: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.54);
+  --md-default-fg-color--lighter: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.32);
+  --md-default-fg-color--lightest: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.07);
+  --md-code-fg-color: #36464e;
+  --md-code-bg-color: #f5f5f5;
+  --md-primary-fg-color: #4051b5;
+  --md-accent-fg-color: #526cfe;
+  --md-typeset-a-color: var(--md-primary-fg-color);
+  --md-text-font: "Roboto", -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif;
+  --md-code-font: "Roboto Mono", "SF Mono", Monaco, "Cascadia Code", Consolas, "Courier New", monospace;
+}
+
+/* Base Typography */
+.md-typeset {
+  font-size: 0.8rem;
+  line-height: 1.6;
+  color: var(--md-default-fg-color);
+  font-family: var(--md-text-font);
+  overflow-wrap: break-word;
+  text-align: left;
+}
+
+/* Headings */
+.md-typeset h1 {
+  color: var(--md-default-fg-color--light);
+  font-size: 2em;
+  line-height: 1.3;
+  margin: 0 0 1.25em;
+  font-weight: 300;
+  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
+}
+
+.md-typeset h1:not(:first-child) {
+  margin-top: 2em;
+}
+
+.md-typeset h2 {
+  font-size: 1.5625em;
+  line-height: 1.4;
+  margin: 2.4em 0 0.64em;
+  font-weight: 300;
+  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
+  color: var(--md-default-fg-color--light);
+}
+
+.md-typeset h3 {
+  font-size: 1.25em;
+  line-height: 1.5;
+  margin: 2em 0 0.8em;
+  font-weight: 400;
+  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
+  color: var(--md-default-fg-color--light);
+}
+
+/* Paragraphs and block elements */
+.md-typeset p {
+  margin: 1em 0;
+}
+
+.md-typeset blockquote,
+.md-typeset dl,
+.md-typeset figure,
+.md-typeset ol,
+.md-typeset pre,
+.md-typeset ul {
+  margin-bottom: 1em;
+  margin-top: 1em;
+}
+
+/* Lists */
+.md-typeset ol,
+.md-typeset ul {
+  padding-left: 2em;
+}
+
+/* Links */
+.md-typeset a {
+  color: var(--md-typeset-a-color);
+  text-decoration: none;
+  word-break: break-word;
+}
+
+.md-typeset a:hover,
+.md-typeset a:focus {
+  color: var(--md-accent-fg-color);
+}
+
+/* Code (inline) */
+.md-typeset code {
+  background-color: var(--md-code-bg-color);
+  color: var(--md-code-fg-color);
+  border-radius: 0.1rem;
+  font-size: 0.85em;
+  font-family: var(--md-code-font);
+  padding: 0 0.2941176471em;
+  word-break: break-word;
+}
+
+/* Code blocks (pre) */
+.md-typeset pre {
+  display: block;
+  line-height: 1.4;
+  margin: 1em 0;
+  overflow-x: auto;
+}
+
+.md-typeset pre > code {
+  background-color: var(--md-code-bg-color);
+  color: var(--md-code-fg-color);
+  display: block;
+  padding: 0.7720588235em 1.1764705882em;
+  font-family: var(--md-code-font);
+  font-size: 0.85em;
+  line-height: 1.4;
+  overflow-wrap: break-word;
+  word-wrap: break-word;
+  white-space: pre-wrap;
+}
+
+/* Links in code */
+.md-typeset a code {
+  color: currentcolor;
+}
+
+/* Logo */
+.headscale-logo {
+  display: block;
+  width: 400px;
+  max-width: 100%;
+  height: auto;
+  margin: 0 0 3rem 0;
+  padding: 0;
+}
+
+@media (max-width: 768px) {
+  .headscale-logo {
+    width: 200px;
+    margin-left: 0;
+  }
+}

hscontrol/auth.go

@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/juanfont/headscale/hscontrol/types"
-	"github.com/juanfont/headscale/hscontrol/types/change"
 	"github.com/juanfont/headscale/hscontrol/util"
 	"github.com/rs/zerolog/log"
 	"gorm.io/gorm"
@@ -234,11 +233,7 @@ func isAuthKey(req tailcfg.RegisterRequest) bool {
 }
 
 func nodeToRegisterResponse(node types.NodeView) *tailcfg.RegisterResponse {
-	return &tailcfg.RegisterResponse{
-		// TODO(kradalby): Only send for user-owned nodes
-		// and not tagged nodes when tags is working.
-		User:           node.UserView().TailscaleUser(),
-		Login:          node.UserView().TailscaleLogin(),
+	resp := &tailcfg.RegisterResponse{
 		NodeKeyExpired: node.IsExpired(),
 
 		// Headscale does not implement the concept of machine authorization
@@ -246,6 +241,18 @@ func nodeToRegisterResponse(node types.NodeView) *tailcfg.RegisterResponse {
 		// Revisit this if #2176 gets implemented.
 		MachineAuthorized: true,
 	}
+
+	// For tagged nodes, use the TaggedDevices special user
+	// For user-owned nodes, include User and Login information from the actual user
+	if node.IsTagged() {
+		resp.User = types.TaggedDevices.View().TailscaleUser()
+		resp.Login = types.TaggedDevices.View().TailscaleLogin()
+	} else if node.Owner().Valid() {
+		resp.User = node.Owner().TailscaleUser()
+		resp.Login = node.Owner().TailscaleLogin()
+	}
+
+	return resp
 }
 
 func (h *Headscale) waitForFollowup(
@@ -364,16 +371,13 @@ func (h *Headscale) handleRegisterWithAuthKey(
 	// eventbus.
 	// TODO(kradalby): This needs to be ran as part of the batcher maybe?
 	// now since we dont update the node/pol here anymore
-	routeChange := h.state.AutoApproveRoutes(node)
-
-	if _, _, err := h.state.SaveNode(node); err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("saving auto approved routes to node: %w", err)
+	routesChange, err := h.state.AutoApproveRoutes(node)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("auto approving routes: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	if routeChange && changed.Empty() {
-		changed = change.NodeAdded(node.ID())
-	}
-	h.Change(changed)
+	// Send both changes. Empty changes are ignored by Change().
+	h.Change(changed, routesChange)
 
 	// TODO(kradalby): I think this is covered above, but we need to validate that.
 	// // If policy changed due to node registration, send a separate policy change
@@ -385,8 +389,8 @@ func (h *Headscale) handleRegisterWithAuthKey(
 	resp := &tailcfg.RegisterResponse{
 		MachineAuthorized: true,
 		NodeKeyExpired:    node.IsExpired(),
-		User:              node.UserView().TailscaleUser(),
-		Login:             node.UserView().TailscaleLogin(),
+		User:              node.Owner().TailscaleUser(),
+		Login:             node.Owner().TailscaleLogin(),
 	}
 
 	log.Trace().

hscontrol/auth_tags_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,689 @@
+package hscontrol
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/juanfont/headscale/hscontrol/types"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"tailscale.com/tailcfg"
+	"tailscale.com/types/key"
+)
+
+// TestTaggedPreAuthKeyCreatesTaggedNode tests that a PreAuthKey with tags creates
+// a tagged node with:
+// - Tags from the PreAuthKey
+// - UserID tracking who created the key (informational "created by")
+// - IsTagged() returns true.
+func TestTaggedPreAuthKeyCreatesTaggedNode(t *testing.T) {
+	app := createTestApp(t)
+
+	user := app.state.CreateUserForTest("tag-creator")
+	tags := []string{"tag:server", "tag:prod"}
+
+	// Create a tagged PreAuthKey
+	pak, err := app.state.CreatePreAuthKey(user.TypedID(), true, false, nil, tags)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotEmpty(t, pak.Tags, "PreAuthKey should have tags")
+	require.ElementsMatch(t, tags, pak.Tags, "PreAuthKey should have specified tags")
+
+	// Register a node using the tagged key
+	machineKey := key.NewMachine()
+	nodeKey := key.NewNode()
+
+	regReq := tailcfg.RegisterRequest{
+		Auth: &tailcfg.RegisterResponseAuth{
+			AuthKey: pak.Key,
+		},
+		NodeKey: nodeKey.Public(),
+		Hostinfo: &tailcfg.Hostinfo{
+			Hostname: "tagged-node",
+		},
+		Expiry: time.Now().Add(24 * time.Hour),
+	}
+
+	resp, err := app.handleRegisterWithAuthKey(regReq, machineKey.Public())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.True(t, resp.MachineAuthorized)
+
+	// Verify the node was created with tags
+	node, found := app.state.GetNodeByNodeKey(nodeKey.Public())
+	require.True(t, found)
+
+	// Critical assertions for tags-as-identity model
+	assert.True(t, node.IsTagged(), "Node should be tagged")
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, tags, node.Tags().AsSlice(), "Node should have tags from PreAuthKey")
+	assert.True(t, node.UserID().Valid(), "Node should have UserID tracking creator")
+	assert.Equal(t, user.ID, node.UserID().Get(), "UserID should track PreAuthKey creator")
+
+	// Verify node is identified correctly
+	assert.True(t, node.IsTagged(), "Tagged node is not user-owned")
+	assert.True(t, node.HasTag("tag:server"), "Node should have tag:server")
+	assert.True(t, node.HasTag("tag:prod"), "Node should have tag:prod")
+	assert.False(t, node.HasTag("tag:other"), "Node should not have tag:other")
+}
+
+// TestReAuthDoesNotReapplyTags tests that when a node re-authenticates using the
+// same PreAuthKey, the tags are NOT re-applied. Tags are only set during initial
+// authentication. This is critical for the container restart scenario (#2830).
+//
+// NOTE: This test verifies that re-authentication preserves the node's current tags
+// without testing tag modification via SetNodeTags (which requires ACL policy setup).
+func TestReAuthDoesNotReapplyTags(t *testing.T) {
+	app := createTestApp(t)
+
+	user := app.state.CreateUserForTest("tag-creator")
+	initialTags := []string{"tag:server", "tag:dev"}
+
+	// Create a tagged PreAuthKey with reusable=true for re-auth
+	pak, err := app.state.CreatePreAuthKey(user.TypedID(), true, false, nil, initialTags)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Initial registration
+	machineKey := key.NewMachine()
+	nodeKey := key.NewNode()
+
+	regReq := tailcfg.RegisterRequest{
+		Auth: &tailcfg.RegisterResponseAuth{
+			AuthKey: pak.Key,
+		},
+		NodeKey: nodeKey.Public(),
+		Hostinfo: &tailcfg.Hostinfo{
+			Hostname: "reauth-test-node",
+		},
+		Expiry: time.Now().Add(24 * time.Hour),
+	}
+
+	resp, err := app.handleRegisterWithAuthKey(regReq, machineKey.Public())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.True(t, resp.MachineAuthorized)
+
+	// Verify initial tags
+	node, found := app.state.GetNodeByNodeKey(nodeKey.Public())
+	require.True(t, found)
+	require.True(t, node.IsTagged())
+	require.ElementsMatch(t, initialTags, node.Tags().AsSlice())
+
+	// Re-authenticate with the SAME PreAuthKey (container restart scenario)
+	// Key behavior: Tags should NOT be re-applied during re-auth
+	reAuthReq := tailcfg.RegisterRequest{
+		Auth: &tailcfg.RegisterResponseAuth{
+			AuthKey: pak.Key, // Same key
+		},
+		NodeKey: nodeKey.Public(), // Same node key
+		Hostinfo: &tailcfg.Hostinfo{
+			Hostname: "reauth-test-node",
+		},
+		Expiry: time.Now().Add(24 * time.Hour),
+	}
+
+	reAuthResp, err := app.handleRegisterWithAuthKey(reAuthReq, machineKey.Public())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.True(t, reAuthResp.MachineAuthorized)
+
+	// CRITICAL: Tags should remain unchanged after re-auth
+	// They should match the original tags, proving they weren't re-applied
+	nodeAfterReauth, found := app.state.GetNodeByNodeKey(nodeKey.Public())
+	require.True(t, found)
+	assert.True(t, nodeAfterReauth.IsTagged(), "Node should still be tagged")
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, initialTags, nodeAfterReauth.Tags().AsSlice(), "Tags should remain unchanged on re-auth")
+
+	// Verify only one node was created (no duplicates)
+	nodes := app.state.ListNodesByUser(types.UserID(user.ID))
+	assert.Equal(t, 1, nodes.Len(), "Should have exactly one node")
+}
+
+// NOTE: TestSetTagsOnUserOwnedNode functionality is covered by gRPC tests in grpcv1_test.go
+// which properly handle ACL policy setup. The test verifies that SetTags can convert
+// user-owned nodes to tagged nodes while preserving UserID.
+
+// TestCannotRemoveAllTags tests that attempting to remove all tags from a
+// tagged node fails with ErrCannotRemoveAllTags. Once a node is tagged,
+// it must always have at least one tag (Tailscale requirement).
+func TestCannotRemoveAllTags(t *testing.T) {
+	app := createTestApp(t)
+
+	user := app.state.CreateUserForTest("tag-creator")
+	tags := []string{"tag:server"}
+
+	// Create a tagged node
+	pak, err := app.state.CreatePreAuthKey(user.TypedID(), true, false, nil, tags)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	machineKey := key.NewMachine()
+	nodeKey := key.NewNode()
+
+	regReq := tailcfg.RegisterRequest{
+		Auth: &tailcfg.RegisterResponseAuth{
+			AuthKey: pak.Key,
+		},
+		NodeKey: nodeKey.Public(),
+		Hostinfo: &tailcfg.Hostinfo{
+			Hostname: "tagged-node",
+		},
+		Expiry: time.Now().Add(24 * time.Hour),
+	}
+
+	resp, err := app.handleRegisterWithAuthKey(regReq, machineKey.Public())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.True(t, resp.MachineAuthorized)
+
+	// Verify node is tagged
+	node, found := app.state.GetNodeByNodeKey(nodeKey.Public())
+	require.True(t, found)
+	require.True(t, node.IsTagged())
+
+	// Attempt to remove all tags by setting empty array
+	_, _, err = app.state.SetNodeTags(node.ID(), []string{})
+	require.Error(t, err, "Should not be able to remove all tags")
+	require.ErrorIs(t, err, types.ErrCannotRemoveAllTags, "Error should be ErrCannotRemoveAllTags")
+
+	// Verify node still has original tags
+	nodeAfter, found := app.state.GetNodeByNodeKey(nodeKey.Public())
+	require.True(t, found)
+	assert.True(t, nodeAfter.IsTagged(), "Node should still be tagged")
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, tags, nodeAfter.Tags().AsSlice(), "Tags should be unchanged")
+}
+
+// TestUserOwnedNodeCreatedWithUntaggedPreAuthKey tests that using a PreAuthKey
+// without tags creates a user-owned node (no tags, UserID is the owner).
+func TestUserOwnedNodeCreatedWithUntaggedPreAuthKey(t *testing.T) {
+	app := createTestApp(t)
+
+	user := app.state.CreateUserForTest("node-owner")
+
+	// Create an untagged PreAuthKey
+	pak, err := app.state.CreatePreAuthKey(user.TypedID(), true, false, nil, nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Empty(t, pak.Tags, "PreAuthKey should not be tagged")
+	require.Empty(t, pak.Tags, "PreAuthKey should have no tags")
+
+	// Register a node
+	machineKey := key.NewMachine()
+	nodeKey := key.NewNode()
+
+	regReq := tailcfg.RegisterRequest{
+		Auth: &tailcfg.RegisterResponseAuth{
+			AuthKey: pak.Key,
+		},
+		NodeKey: nodeKey.Public(),
+		Hostinfo: &tailcfg.Hostinfo{
+			Hostname: "user-owned-node",
+		},
+		Expiry: time.Now().Add(24 * time.Hour),
+	}
+
+	resp, err := app.handleRegisterWithAuthKey(regReq, machineKey.Public())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.True(t, resp.MachineAuthorized)
+
+	// Verify node is user-owned
+	node, found := app.state.GetNodeByNodeKey(nodeKey.Public())
+	require.True(t, found)
+
+	// Critical assertions for user-owned node
+	assert.False(t, node.IsTagged(), "Node should not be tagged")
+	assert.False(t, node.IsTagged(), "Node should be user-owned (not tagged)")
+	assert.Empty(t, node.Tags().AsSlice(), "Node should have no tags")
+	assert.True(t, node.UserID().Valid(), "Node should have UserID")
+	assert.Equal(t, user.ID, node.UserID().Get(), "UserID should be the PreAuthKey owner")
+}
+
+// TestMultipleNodesWithSameReusableTaggedPreAuthKey tests that a reusable
+// PreAuthKey with tags can be used to register multiple nodes, and all nodes
+// receive the same tags from the key.
+func TestMultipleNodesWithSameReusableTaggedPreAuthKey(t *testing.T) {
+	app := createTestApp(t)
+
+	user := app.state.CreateUserForTest("tag-creator")
+	tags := []string{"tag:server", "tag:prod"}
+
+	// Create a REUSABLE tagged PreAuthKey
+	pak, err := app.state.CreatePreAuthKey(user.TypedID(), true, false, nil, tags)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.ElementsMatch(t, tags, pak.Tags)
+
+	// Register first node
+	machineKey1 := key.NewMachine()
+	nodeKey1 := key.NewNode()
+
+	regReq1 := tailcfg.RegisterRequest{
+		Auth: &tailcfg.RegisterResponseAuth{
+			AuthKey: pak.Key,
+		},
+		NodeKey: nodeKey1.Public(),
+		Hostinfo: &tailcfg.Hostinfo{
+			Hostname: "tagged-node-1",
+		},
+		Expiry: time.Now().Add(24 * time.Hour),
+	}
+
+	resp1, err := app.handleRegisterWithAuthKey(regReq1, machineKey1.Public())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.True(t, resp1.MachineAuthorized)
+
+	// Register second node with SAME PreAuthKey
+	machineKey2 := key.NewMachine()
+	nodeKey2 := key.NewNode()
+
+	regReq2 := tailcfg.RegisterRequest{
+		Auth: &tailcfg.RegisterResponseAuth{
+			AuthKey: pak.Key, // Same key
+		},
+		NodeKey: nodeKey2.Public(),
+		Hostinfo: &tailcfg.Hostinfo{
+			Hostname: "tagged-node-2",
+		},
+		Expiry: time.Now().Add(24 * time.Hour),
+	}
+
+	resp2, err := app.handleRegisterWithAuthKey(regReq2, machineKey2.Public())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.True(t, resp2.MachineAuthorized)
+
+	// Verify both nodes exist and have the same tags
+	node1, found := app.state.GetNodeByNodeKey(nodeKey1.Public())
+	require.True(t, found)
+	node2, found := app.state.GetNodeByNodeKey(nodeKey2.Public())
+	require.True(t, found)
+
+	// Both nodes should be tagged with the same tags
+	assert.True(t, node1.IsTagged(), "First node should be tagged")
+	assert.True(t, node2.IsTagged(), "Second node should be tagged")
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, tags, node1.Tags().AsSlice(), "First node should have PreAuthKey tags")
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, tags, node2.Tags().AsSlice(), "Second node should have PreAuthKey tags")
+
+	// Both nodes should track the same creator
+	assert.Equal(t, user.ID, node1.UserID().Get(), "First node should track creator")
+	assert.Equal(t, user.ID, node2.UserID().Get(), "Second node should track creator")
+
+	// Verify we have exactly 2 nodes
+	nodes := app.state.ListNodesByUser(types.UserID(user.ID))
+	assert.Equal(t, 2, nodes.Len(), "Should have exactly two nodes")
+}
+
+// TestNonReusableTaggedPreAuthKey tests that a non-reusable PreAuthKey with tags
+// can only be used once. The second attempt should fail.
+func TestNonReusableTaggedPreAuthKey(t *testing.T) {
+	app := createTestApp(t)
+
+	user := app.state.CreateUserForTest("tag-creator")
+	tags := []string{"tag:server"}
+
+	// Create a NON-REUSABLE tagged PreAuthKey
+	pak, err := app.state.CreatePreAuthKey(user.TypedID(), false, false, nil, tags)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.ElementsMatch(t, tags, pak.Tags)
+
+	// Register first node - should succeed
+	machineKey1 := key.NewMachine()
+	nodeKey1 := key.NewNode()
+
+	regReq1 := tailcfg.RegisterRequest{
+		Auth: &tailcfg.RegisterResponseAuth{
+			AuthKey: pak.Key,
+		},
+		NodeKey: nodeKey1.Public(),
+		Hostinfo: &tailcfg.Hostinfo{
+			Hostname: "tagged-node-1",
+		},
+		Expiry: time.Now().Add(24 * time.Hour),
+	}
+
+	resp1, err := app.handleRegisterWithAuthKey(regReq1, machineKey1.Public())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.True(t, resp1.MachineAuthorized)
+
+	// Verify first node was created with tags
+	node1, found := app.state.GetNodeByNodeKey(nodeKey1.Public())
+	require.True(t, found)
+	assert.True(t, node1.IsTagged())
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, tags, node1.Tags().AsSlice())
+
+	// Attempt to register second node with SAME non-reusable key - should fail
+	machineKey2 := key.NewMachine()
+	nodeKey2 := key.NewNode()
+
+	regReq2 := tailcfg.RegisterRequest{
+		Auth: &tailcfg.RegisterResponseAuth{
+			AuthKey: pak.Key, // Same non-reusable key
+		},
+		NodeKey: nodeKey2.Public(),
+		Hostinfo: &tailcfg.Hostinfo{
+			Hostname: "tagged-node-2",
+		},
+		Expiry: time.Now().Add(24 * time.Hour),
+	}
+
+	_, err = app.handleRegisterWithAuthKey(regReq2, machineKey2.Public())
+	require.Error(t, err, "Should not be able to reuse non-reusable PreAuthKey")
+
+	// Verify only one node was created
+	nodes := app.state.ListNodesByUser(types.UserID(user.ID))
+	assert.Equal(t, 1, nodes.Len(), "Should have exactly one node")
+}
+
+// TestExpiredTaggedPreAuthKey tests that an expired PreAuthKey with tags
+// cannot be used to register a node.
+func TestExpiredTaggedPreAuthKey(t *testing.T) {
+	app := createTestApp(t)
+
+	user := app.state.CreateUserForTest("tag-creator")
+	tags := []string{"tag:server"}
+
+	// Create a PreAuthKey that expires immediately
+	expiration := time.Now().Add(-1 * time.Hour) // Already expired
+	pak, err := app.state.CreatePreAuthKey(user.TypedID(), false, false, &expiration, tags)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.ElementsMatch(t, tags, pak.Tags)
+
+	// Attempt to register with expired key
+	machineKey := key.NewMachine()
+	nodeKey := key.NewNode()
+
+	regReq := tailcfg.RegisterRequest{
+		Auth: &tailcfg.RegisterResponseAuth{
+			AuthKey: pak.Key,
+		},
+		NodeKey: nodeKey.Public(),
+		Hostinfo: &tailcfg.Hostinfo{
+			Hostname: "tagged-node",
+		},
+		Expiry: time.Now().Add(24 * time.Hour),
+	}
+
+	_, err = app.handleRegisterWithAuthKey(regReq, machineKey.Public())
+	require.Error(t, err, "Should not be able to use expired PreAuthKey")
+
+	// Verify no node was created
+	_, found := app.state.GetNodeByNodeKey(nodeKey.Public())
+	assert.False(t, found, "No node should be created with expired key")
+}
+
+// TestSingleVsMultipleTags tests that PreAuthKeys work correctly with both
+// a single tag and multiple tags.
+func TestSingleVsMultipleTags(t *testing.T) {
+	app := createTestApp(t)
+
+	user := app.state.CreateUserForTest("tag-creator")
+
+	// Test with single tag
+	singleTag := []string{"tag:server"}
+	pak1, err := app.state.CreatePreAuthKey(user.TypedID(), true, false, nil, singleTag)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	machineKey1 := key.NewMachine()
+	nodeKey1 := key.NewNode()
+
+	regReq1 := tailcfg.RegisterRequest{
+		Auth: &tailcfg.RegisterResponseAuth{
+			AuthKey: pak1.Key,
+		},
+		NodeKey: nodeKey1.Public(),
+		Hostinfo: &tailcfg.Hostinfo{
+			Hostname: "single-tag-node",
+		},
+		Expiry: time.Now().Add(24 * time.Hour),
+	}
+
+	resp1, err := app.handleRegisterWithAuthKey(regReq1, machineKey1.Public())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.True(t, resp1.MachineAuthorized)
+
+	node1, found := app.state.GetNodeByNodeKey(nodeKey1.Public())
+	require.True(t, found)
+	assert.True(t, node1.IsTagged())
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, singleTag, node1.Tags().AsSlice())
+
+	// Test with multiple tags
+	multipleTags := []string{"tag:server", "tag:prod", "tag:database"}
+	pak2, err := app.state.CreatePreAuthKey(user.TypedID(), true, false, nil, multipleTags)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	machineKey2 := key.NewMachine()
+	nodeKey2 := key.NewNode()
+
+	regReq2 := tailcfg.RegisterRequest{
+		Auth: &tailcfg.RegisterResponseAuth{
+			AuthKey: pak2.Key,
+		},
+		NodeKey: nodeKey2.Public(),
+		Hostinfo: &tailcfg.Hostinfo{
+			Hostname: "multi-tag-node",
+		},
+		Expiry: time.Now().Add(24 * time.Hour),
+	}
+
+	resp2, err := app.handleRegisterWithAuthKey(regReq2, machineKey2.Public())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.True(t, resp2.MachineAuthorized)
+
+	node2, found := app.state.GetNodeByNodeKey(nodeKey2.Public())
+	require.True(t, found)
+	assert.True(t, node2.IsTagged())
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, multipleTags, node2.Tags().AsSlice())
+
+	// Verify HasTag works for all tags
+	assert.True(t, node2.HasTag("tag:server"))
+	assert.True(t, node2.HasTag("tag:prod"))
+	assert.True(t, node2.HasTag("tag:database"))
+	assert.False(t, node2.HasTag("tag:other"))
+}
+
+// TestTaggedPreAuthKeyDisablesKeyExpiry tests that nodes registered with
+// a tagged PreAuthKey have key expiry disabled (expiry is nil).
+func TestTaggedPreAuthKeyDisablesKeyExpiry(t *testing.T) {
+	app := createTestApp(t)
+
+	user := app.state.CreateUserForTest("tag-creator")
+	tags := []string{"tag:server", "tag:prod"}
+
+	// Create a tagged PreAuthKey
+	pak, err := app.state.CreatePreAuthKey(user.TypedID(), true, false, nil, tags)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.ElementsMatch(t, tags, pak.Tags)
+
+	// Register a node using the tagged key
+	machineKey := key.NewMachine()
+	nodeKey := key.NewNode()
+
+	// Client requests an expiry time, but for tagged nodes it should be ignored
+	clientRequestedExpiry := time.Now().Add(24 * time.Hour)
+
+	regReq := tailcfg.RegisterRequest{
+		Auth: &tailcfg.RegisterResponseAuth{
+			AuthKey: pak.Key,
+		},
+		NodeKey: nodeKey.Public(),
+		Hostinfo: &tailcfg.Hostinfo{
+			Hostname: "tagged-expiry-test",
+		},
+		Expiry: clientRequestedExpiry,
+	}
+
+	resp, err := app.handleRegisterWithAuthKey(regReq, machineKey.Public())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.True(t, resp.MachineAuthorized)
+
+	// Verify the node has key expiry DISABLED (expiry is nil/zero)
+	node, found := app.state.GetNodeByNodeKey(nodeKey.Public())
+	require.True(t, found)
+
+	// Critical assertion: Tagged nodes should have expiry disabled
+	assert.True(t, node.IsTagged(), "Node should be tagged")
+	assert.False(t, node.Expiry().Valid(), "Tagged node should have expiry disabled (nil)")
+}
+
+// TestUntaggedPreAuthKeyPreservesKeyExpiry tests that nodes registered with
+// an untagged PreAuthKey preserve the client's requested key expiry.
+func TestUntaggedPreAuthKeyPreservesKeyExpiry(t *testing.T) {
+	app := createTestApp(t)
+
+	user := app.state.CreateUserForTest("node-owner")
+
+	// Create an untagged PreAuthKey
+	pak, err := app.state.CreatePreAuthKey(user.TypedID(), true, false, nil, nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Empty(t, pak.Tags, "PreAuthKey should not be tagged")
+
+	// Register a node
+	machineKey := key.NewMachine()
+	nodeKey := key.NewNode()
+
+	// Client requests an expiry time
+	clientRequestedExpiry := time.Now().Add(24 * time.Hour)
+
+	regReq := tailcfg.RegisterRequest{
+		Auth: &tailcfg.RegisterResponseAuth{
+			AuthKey: pak.Key,
+		},
+		NodeKey: nodeKey.Public(),
+		Hostinfo: &tailcfg.Hostinfo{
+			Hostname: "untagged-expiry-test",
+		},
+		Expiry: clientRequestedExpiry,
+	}
+
+	resp, err := app.handleRegisterWithAuthKey(regReq, machineKey.Public())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.True(t, resp.MachineAuthorized)
+
+	// Verify the node has the client's requested expiry
+	node, found := app.state.GetNodeByNodeKey(nodeKey.Public())
+	require.True(t, found)
+
+	// Critical assertion: User-owned nodes should preserve client expiry
+	assert.False(t, node.IsTagged(), "Node should not be tagged")
+	assert.True(t, node.Expiry().Valid(), "User-owned node should have expiry set")
+	// Allow some tolerance for test execution time
+	assert.WithinDuration(t, clientRequestedExpiry, node.Expiry().Get(), 5*time.Second,
+		"User-owned node should have the client's requested expiry")
+}
+
+// TestTaggedNodeReauthPreservesDisabledExpiry tests that when a tagged node
+// re-authenticates, the disabled expiry is preserved (not updated from client request).
+func TestTaggedNodeReauthPreservesDisabledExpiry(t *testing.T) {
+	app := createTestApp(t)
+
+	user := app.state.CreateUserForTest("tag-creator")
+	tags := []string{"tag:server"}
+
+	// Create a reusable tagged PreAuthKey
+	pak, err := app.state.CreatePreAuthKey(user.TypedID(), true, false, nil, tags)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Initial registration
+	machineKey := key.NewMachine()
+	nodeKey := key.NewNode()
+
+	regReq := tailcfg.RegisterRequest{
+		Auth: &tailcfg.RegisterResponseAuth{
+			AuthKey: pak.Key,
+		},
+		NodeKey: nodeKey.Public(),
+		Hostinfo: &tailcfg.Hostinfo{
+			Hostname: "tagged-reauth-test",
+		},
+		Expiry: time.Now().Add(24 * time.Hour),
+	}
+
+	resp, err := app.handleRegisterWithAuthKey(regReq, machineKey.Public())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.True(t, resp.MachineAuthorized)
+
+	// Verify initial registration has expiry disabled
+	node, found := app.state.GetNodeByNodeKey(nodeKey.Public())
+	require.True(t, found)
+	require.True(t, node.IsTagged())
+	require.False(t, node.Expiry().Valid(), "Initial registration should have expiry disabled")
+
+	// Re-authenticate with a NEW expiry request (should be ignored for tagged nodes)
+	newRequestedExpiry := time.Now().Add(48 * time.Hour)
+	reAuthReq := tailcfg.RegisterRequest{
+		Auth: &tailcfg.RegisterResponseAuth{
+			AuthKey: pak.Key,
+		},
+		NodeKey: nodeKey.Public(),
+		Hostinfo: &tailcfg.Hostinfo{
+			Hostname: "tagged-reauth-test",
+		},
+		Expiry: newRequestedExpiry, // Client requests new expiry
+	}
+
+	reAuthResp, err := app.handleRegisterWithAuthKey(reAuthReq, machineKey.Public())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.True(t, reAuthResp.MachineAuthorized)
+
+	// Verify expiry is STILL disabled after re-auth
+	nodeAfterReauth, found := app.state.GetNodeByNodeKey(nodeKey.Public())
+	require.True(t, found)
+
+	// Critical assertion: Tagged node should preserve disabled expiry on re-auth
+	assert.True(t, nodeAfterReauth.IsTagged(), "Node should still be tagged")
+	assert.False(t, nodeAfterReauth.Expiry().Valid(),
+		"Tagged node should have expiry PRESERVED as disabled after re-auth")
+}
+
+// TestReAuthWithDifferentMachineKey tests the edge case where a node attempts
+// to re-authenticate with the same NodeKey but a DIFFERENT MachineKey.
+// This scenario should be handled gracefully (currently creates a new node).
+func TestReAuthWithDifferentMachineKey(t *testing.T) {
+	app := createTestApp(t)
+
+	user := app.state.CreateUserForTest("tag-creator")
+	tags := []string{"tag:server"}
+
+	// Create a reusable tagged PreAuthKey
+	pak, err := app.state.CreatePreAuthKey(user.TypedID(), true, false, nil, tags)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Initial registration
+	machineKey1 := key.NewMachine()
+	nodeKey := key.NewNode() // Same NodeKey for both attempts
+
+	regReq1 := tailcfg.RegisterRequest{
+		Auth: &tailcfg.RegisterResponseAuth{
+			AuthKey: pak.Key,
+		},
+		NodeKey: nodeKey.Public(),
+		Hostinfo: &tailcfg.Hostinfo{
+			Hostname: "test-node",
+		},
+		Expiry: time.Now().Add(24 * time.Hour),
+	}
+
+	resp1, err := app.handleRegisterWithAuthKey(regReq1, machineKey1.Public())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.True(t, resp1.MachineAuthorized)
+
+	// Verify initial node
+	node1, found := app.state.GetNodeByNodeKey(nodeKey.Public())
+	require.True(t, found)
+	assert.True(t, node1.IsTagged())
+
+	// Re-authenticate with DIFFERENT MachineKey but SAME NodeKey
+	machineKey2 := key.NewMachine() // Different machine key
+
+	regReq2 := tailcfg.RegisterRequest{
+		Auth: &tailcfg.RegisterResponseAuth{
+			AuthKey: pak.Key,
+		},
+		NodeKey: nodeKey.Public(), // Same NodeKey
+		Hostinfo: &tailcfg.Hostinfo{
+			Hostname: "test-node",
+		},
+		Expiry: time.Now().Add(24 * time.Hour),
+	}
+
+	resp2, err := app.handleRegisterWithAuthKey(regReq2, machineKey2.Public())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.True(t, resp2.MachineAuthorized)
+
+	// Verify the node still exists and has tags
+	// Note: Depending on implementation, this might be the same node or a new node
+	node2, found := app.state.GetNodeByNodeKey(nodeKey.Public())
+	require.True(t, found)
+	assert.True(t, node2.IsTagged())
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, tags, node2.Tags().AsSlice())
+}

hscontrol/capver/capver.go

@@ -12,7 +12,13 @@ import (
 	"tailscale.com/util/set"
 )
 
-const MinSupportedCapabilityVersion tailcfg.CapabilityVersion = 90
+const (
+	// minVersionParts is the minimum number of version parts needed for major.minor.
+	minVersionParts = 2
+
+	// legacyDERPCapVer is the capability version when LegacyDERP can be cleaned up.
+	legacyDERPCapVer = 111
+)
 
 // CanOldCodeBeCleanedUp is intended to be called on startup to see if
 // there are old code that can ble cleaned up, entries should contain
@@ -21,7 +27,7 @@ const MinSupportedCapabilityVersion tailcfg.CapabilityVersion = 90
 //
 // All uses of Capability version checks should be listed here.
 func CanOldCodeBeCleanedUp() {
-	if MinSupportedCapabilityVersion >= 111 {
+	if MinSupportedCapabilityVersion >= legacyDERPCapVer {
 		panic("LegacyDERP can be cleaned up in tail.go")
 	}
 }
@@ -29,12 +35,14 @@ func CanOldCodeBeCleanedUp() {
 func tailscaleVersSorted() []string {
 	vers := xmaps.Keys(tailscaleToCapVer)
 	sort.Strings(vers)
+
 	return vers
 }
 
 func capVersSorted() []tailcfg.CapabilityVersion {
 	capVers := xmaps.Keys(capVerToTailscaleVer)
 	slices.Sort(capVers)
+
 	return capVers
 }
 
@@ -44,11 +52,25 @@ func TailscaleVersion(ver tailcfg.CapabilityVersion) string {
 }
 
 // CapabilityVersion returns the CapabilityVersion for the given Tailscale version.
+// It accepts both full versions (v1.90.1) and minor versions (v1.90).
 func CapabilityVersion(ver string) tailcfg.CapabilityVersion {
 	if !strings.HasPrefix(ver, "v") {
 		ver = "v" + ver
 	}
-	return tailscaleToCapVer[ver]
+
+	// Try direct lookup first (works for minor versions like v1.90)
+	if cv, ok := tailscaleToCapVer[ver]; ok {
+		return cv
+	}
+
+	// Try extracting minor version from full version (v1.90.1 -> v1.90)
+	parts := strings.Split(strings.TrimPrefix(ver, "v"), ".")
+	if len(parts) >= minVersionParts {
+		minor := "v" + parts[0] + "." + parts[1]
+		return tailscaleToCapVer[minor]
+	}
+
+	return 0
 }
 
 // TailscaleLatest returns the n latest Tailscale versions.
@@ -73,10 +95,12 @@ func TailscaleLatestMajorMinor(n int, stripV bool) []string {
 	}
 
 	majors := set.Set[string]{}
+
 	for _, vers := range tailscaleVersSorted() {
 		if stripV {
 			vers = strings.TrimPrefix(vers, "v")
 		}
+
 		v := strings.Split(vers, ".")
 		majors.Add(v[0] + "." + v[1])
 	}

hscontrol/capver/capver_generated.go

@@ -5,47 +5,80 @@ package capver
 import "tailscale.com/tailcfg"
 
 var tailscaleToCapVer = map[string]tailcfg.CapabilityVersion{
-	"v1.64.0": 90,
-	"v1.64.1": 90,
-	"v1.64.2": 90,
-	"v1.66.0": 95,
-	"v1.66.1": 95,
-	"v1.66.2": 95,
-	"v1.66.3": 95,
-	"v1.66.4": 95,
-	"v1.68.0": 97,
-	"v1.68.1": 97,
-	"v1.68.2": 97,
-	"v1.70.0": 102,
-	"v1.72.0": 104,
-	"v1.72.1": 104,
-	"v1.74.0": 106,
-	"v1.74.1": 106,
-	"v1.76.0": 106,
-	"v1.76.1": 106,
-	"v1.76.6": 106,
-	"v1.78.0": 109,
-	"v1.78.1": 109,
-	"v1.80.0": 113,
-	"v1.80.1": 113,
-	"v1.80.2": 113,
-	"v1.80.3": 113,
-	"v1.82.0": 115,
-	"v1.82.5": 115,
-	"v1.84.0": 116,
-	"v1.84.1": 116,
-	"v1.84.2": 116,
+	"v1.24": 32,
+	"v1.26": 32,
+	"v1.28": 32,
+	"v1.30": 41,
+	"v1.32": 46,
+	"v1.34": 51,
+	"v1.36": 56,
+	"v1.38": 58,
+	"v1.40": 61,
+	"v1.42": 62,
+	"v1.44": 63,
+	"v1.46": 65,
+	"v1.48": 68,
+	"v1.50": 74,
+	"v1.52": 79,
+	"v1.54": 79,
+	"v1.56": 82,
+	"v1.58": 85,
+	"v1.60": 87,
+	"v1.62": 88,
+	"v1.64": 90,
+	"v1.66": 95,
+	"v1.68": 97,
+	"v1.70": 102,
+	"v1.72": 104,
+	"v1.74": 106,
+	"v1.76": 106,
+	"v1.78": 109,
+	"v1.80": 113,
+	"v1.82": 115,
+	"v1.84": 116,
+	"v1.86": 123,
+	"v1.88": 125,
+	"v1.90": 130,
+	"v1.92": 131,
 }
 
 var capVerToTailscaleVer = map[tailcfg.CapabilityVersion]string{
-	90:  "v1.64.0",
-	95:  "v1.66.0",
-	97:  "v1.68.0",
-	102: "v1.70.0",
-	104: "v1.72.0",
-	106: "v1.74.0",
-	109: "v1.78.0",
-	113: "v1.80.0",
-	115: "v1.82.0",
-	116: "v1.84.0",
+	32:  "v1.24",
+	41:  "v1.30",
+	46:  "v1.32",
+	51:  "v1.34",
+	56:  "v1.36",
+	58:  "v1.38",
+	61:  "v1.40",
+	62:  "v1.42",
+	63:  "v1.44",
+	65:  "v1.46",
+	68:  "v1.48",
+	74:  "v1.50",
+	79:  "v1.52",
+	82:  "v1.56",
+	85:  "v1.58",
+	87:  "v1.60",
+	88:  "v1.62",
+	90:  "v1.64",
+	95:  "v1.66",
+	97:  "v1.68",
+	102: "v1.70",
+	104: "v1.72",
+	106: "v1.74",
+	109: "v1.78",
+	113: "v1.80",
+	115: "v1.82",
+	116: "v1.84",
+	123: "v1.86",
+	125: "v1.88",
+	130: "v1.90",
+	131: "v1.92",
 }
+
+// SupportedMajorMinorVersions is the number of major.minor Tailscale versions supported.
+const SupportedMajorMinorVersions = 10
+
+// MinSupportedCapabilityVersion represents the minimum capability version
+// supported by this Headscale instance (latest 10 minor versions)
+const MinSupportedCapabilityVersion tailcfg.CapabilityVersion = 106

hscontrol/capver/capver_test.go

@@ -4,34 +4,10 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/google/go-cmp/cmp"
-	"tailscale.com/tailcfg"
 )
 
 func TestTailscaleLatestMajorMinor(t *testing.T) {
-	tests := []struct {
-		n        int
-		stripV   bool
-		expected []string
-	}{
-		{3, false, []string{"v1.80", "v1.82", "v1.84"}},
-		{2, true, []string{"1.82", "1.84"}},
-		// Lazy way to see all supported versions
-		{10, true, []string{
-			"1.66",
-			"1.68",
-			"1.70",
-			"1.72",
-			"1.74",
-			"1.76",
-			"1.78",
-			"1.80",
-			"1.82",
-			"1.84",
-		}},
-		{0, false, nil},
-	}
-
-	for _, test := range tests {
+	for _, test := range tailscaleLatestMajorMinorTests {
 		t.Run("", func(t *testing.T) {
 			output := TailscaleLatestMajorMinor(test.n, test.stripV)
 			if diff := cmp.Diff(output, test.expected); diff != "" {
@@ -42,19 +18,7 @@ func TestTailscaleLatestMajorMinor(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestCapVerMinimumTailscaleVersion(t *testing.T) {
-	tests := []struct {
-		input    tailcfg.CapabilityVersion
-		expected string
-	}{
-		{90, "v1.64.0"},
-		{95, "v1.66.0"},
-		{106, "v1.74.0"},
-		{109, "v1.78.0"},
-		{9001, ""}, // Test case for a version higher than any in the map
-		{60, ""},   // Test case for a version lower than any in the map
-	}
-
-	for _, test := range tests {
+	for _, test := range capVerMinimumTailscaleVersionTests {
 		t.Run("", func(t *testing.T) {
 			output := TailscaleVersion(test.input)
 			if output != test.expected {

hscontrol/capver/capver_test_data.go

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+package capver
+
+// Generated DO NOT EDIT
+
+import "tailscale.com/tailcfg"
+
+var tailscaleLatestMajorMinorTests = []struct {
+	n        int
+	stripV   bool
+	expected []string
+}{
+	{3, false, []string{"v1.88", "v1.90", "v1.92"}},
+	{2, true, []string{"1.90", "1.92"}},
+	{10, true, []string{
+		"1.74",
+		"1.76",
+		"1.78",
+		"1.80",
+		"1.82",
+		"1.84",
+		"1.86",
+		"1.88",
+		"1.90",
+		"1.92",
+	}},
+	{0, false, nil},
+}
+
+var capVerMinimumTailscaleVersionTests = []struct {
+	input    tailcfg.CapabilityVersion
+	expected string
+}{
+	{106, "v1.74"},
+	{32, "v1.24"},
+	{41, "v1.30"},
+	{46, "v1.32"},
+	{51, "v1.34"},
+	{9001, ""}, // Test case for a version higher than any in the map
+	{60, ""},   // Test case for a version lower than any in the map
+}

hscontrol/db/api_key.go

@@ -9,33 +9,64 @@ import (
 	"github.com/juanfont/headscale/hscontrol/types"
 	"github.com/juanfont/headscale/hscontrol/util"
 	"golang.org/x/crypto/bcrypt"
+	"gorm.io/gorm"
 )
 
 const (
-	apiPrefixLength = 7
-	apiKeyLength    = 32
+	apiKeyPrefix       = "hskey-api-" //nolint:gosec // This is a prefix, not a credential
+	apiKeyPrefixLength = 12
+	apiKeyHashLength   = 64
+
+	// Legacy format constants.
+	legacyAPIPrefixLength = 7
+	legacyAPIKeyLength    = 32
 )
 
-var ErrAPIKeyFailedToParse = errors.New("failed to parse ApiKey")
+var (
+	ErrAPIKeyFailedToParse     = errors.New("failed to parse ApiKey")
+	ErrAPIKeyGenerationFailed  = errors.New("failed to generate API key")
+	ErrAPIKeyInvalidGeneration = errors.New("generated API key failed validation")
+)
 
 // CreateAPIKey creates a new ApiKey in a user, and returns it.
 func (hsdb *HSDatabase) CreateAPIKey(
 	expiration *time.Time,
 ) (string, *types.APIKey, error) {
-	prefix, err := util.GenerateRandomStringURLSafe(apiPrefixLength)
+	// Generate public prefix (12 chars)
+	prefix, err := util.GenerateRandomStringURLSafe(apiKeyPrefixLength)
 	if err != nil {
 		return "", nil, err
 	}
 
-	toBeHashed, err := util.GenerateRandomStringURLSafe(apiKeyLength)
+	// Validate prefix
+	if len(prefix) != apiKeyPrefixLength {
+		return "", nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: generated prefix has invalid length: expected %d, got %d", ErrAPIKeyInvalidGeneration, apiKeyPrefixLength, len(prefix))
+	}
+
+	if !isValidBase64URLSafe(prefix) {
+		return "", nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: generated prefix contains invalid characters", ErrAPIKeyInvalidGeneration)
+	}
+
+	// Generate secret (64 chars)
+	secret, err := util.GenerateRandomStringURLSafe(apiKeyHashLength)
 	if err != nil {
 		return "", nil, err
 	}
 
-	// Key to return to user, this will only be visible _once_
-	keyStr := prefix + "." + toBeHashed
+	// Validate secret
+	if len(secret) != apiKeyHashLength {
+		return "", nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: generated secret has invalid length: expected %d, got %d", ErrAPIKeyInvalidGeneration, apiKeyHashLength, len(secret))
+	}
 
-	hash, err := bcrypt.GenerateFromPassword([]byte(toBeHashed), bcrypt.DefaultCost)
+	if !isValidBase64URLSafe(secret) {
+		return "", nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: generated secret contains invalid characters", ErrAPIKeyInvalidGeneration)
+	}
+
+	// Full key string (shown ONCE to user)
+	keyStr := apiKeyPrefix + prefix + "-" + secret
+
+	// bcrypt hash of secret
+	hash, err := bcrypt.GenerateFromPassword([]byte(secret), bcrypt.DefaultCost)
 	if err != nil {
 		return "", nil, err
 	}
@@ -103,23 +134,164 @@ func (hsdb *HSDatabase) ExpireAPIKey(key *types.APIKey) error {
 }
 
 func (hsdb *HSDatabase) ValidateAPIKey(keyStr string) (bool, error) {
-	prefix, hash, found := strings.Cut(keyStr, ".")
-	if !found {
-		return false, ErrAPIKeyFailedToParse
-	}
-
-	key, err := hsdb.GetAPIKey(prefix)
+	key, err := validateAPIKey(hsdb.DB, keyStr)
 	if err != nil {
-		return false, fmt.Errorf("failed to validate api key: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	if key.Expiration.Before(time.Now()) {
-		return false, nil
-	}
-
-	if err := bcrypt.CompareHashAndPassword(key.Hash, []byte(hash)); err != nil {
 		return false, err
 	}
 
+	if key.Expiration != nil && key.Expiration.Before(time.Now()) {
+		return false, nil
+	}
+
 	return true, nil
 }
+
+// ParseAPIKeyPrefix extracts the database prefix from a display prefix.
+// Handles formats: "hskey-api-{12chars}-***", "hskey-api-{12chars}", or just "{12chars}".
+// Returns the 12-character prefix suitable for database lookup.
+func ParseAPIKeyPrefix(displayPrefix string) (string, error) {
+	// If it's already just the 12-character prefix, return it
+	if len(displayPrefix) == apiKeyPrefixLength && isValidBase64URLSafe(displayPrefix) {
+		return displayPrefix, nil
+	}
+
+	// If it starts with the API key prefix, parse it
+	if strings.HasPrefix(displayPrefix, apiKeyPrefix) {
+		// Remove the "hskey-api-" prefix
+		_, remainder, found := strings.Cut(displayPrefix, apiKeyPrefix)
+		if !found {
+			return "", fmt.Errorf("%w: invalid display prefix format", ErrAPIKeyFailedToParse)
+		}
+
+		// Extract just the first 12 characters (the actual prefix)
+		if len(remainder) < apiKeyPrefixLength {
+			return "", fmt.Errorf("%w: prefix too short", ErrAPIKeyFailedToParse)
+		}
+
+		prefix := remainder[:apiKeyPrefixLength]
+
+		// Validate it's base64 URL-safe
+		if !isValidBase64URLSafe(prefix) {
+			return "", fmt.Errorf("%w: prefix contains invalid characters", ErrAPIKeyFailedToParse)
+		}
+
+		return prefix, nil
+	}
+
+	// For legacy 7-character prefixes or other formats, return as-is
+	return displayPrefix, nil
+}
+
+// validateAPIKey validates an API key and returns the key if valid.
+// Handles both new (hskey-api-{prefix}-{secret}) and legacy (prefix.secret) formats.
+func validateAPIKey(db *gorm.DB, keyStr string) (*types.APIKey, error) {
+	// Validate input is not empty
+	if keyStr == "" {
+		return nil, ErrAPIKeyFailedToParse
+	}
+
+	// Check for new format: hskey-api-{prefix}-{secret}
+	_, prefixAndSecret, found := strings.Cut(keyStr, apiKeyPrefix)
+
+	if !found {
+		// Legacy format: prefix.secret
+		return validateLegacyAPIKey(db, keyStr)
+	}
+
+	// New format: parse and verify
+	const expectedMinLength = apiKeyPrefixLength + 1 + apiKeyHashLength
+	if len(prefixAndSecret) < expectedMinLength {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf(
+			"%w: key too short, expected at least %d chars after prefix, got %d",
+			ErrAPIKeyFailedToParse,
+			expectedMinLength,
+			len(prefixAndSecret),
+		)
+	}
+
+	// Use fixed-length parsing
+	prefix := prefixAndSecret[:apiKeyPrefixLength]
+
+	// Validate separator at expected position
+	if prefixAndSecret[apiKeyPrefixLength] != '-' {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf(
+			"%w: expected separator '-' at position %d, got '%c'",
+			ErrAPIKeyFailedToParse,
+			apiKeyPrefixLength,
+			prefixAndSecret[apiKeyPrefixLength],
+		)
+	}
+
+	secret := prefixAndSecret[apiKeyPrefixLength+1:]
+
+	// Validate secret length
+	if len(secret) != apiKeyHashLength {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf(
+			"%w: secret length mismatch, expected %d chars, got %d",
+			ErrAPIKeyFailedToParse,
+			apiKeyHashLength,
+			len(secret),
+		)
+	}
+
+	// Validate prefix contains only base64 URL-safe characters
+	if !isValidBase64URLSafe(prefix) {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf(
+			"%w: prefix contains invalid characters (expected base64 URL-safe: A-Za-z0-9_-)",
+			ErrAPIKeyFailedToParse,
+		)
+	}
+
+	// Validate secret contains only base64 URL-safe characters
+	if !isValidBase64URLSafe(secret) {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf(
+			"%w: secret contains invalid characters (expected base64 URL-safe: A-Za-z0-9_-)",
+			ErrAPIKeyFailedToParse,
+		)
+	}
+
+	// Look up by prefix (indexed)
+	var key types.APIKey
+
+	err := db.First(&key, "prefix = ?", prefix).Error
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("API key not found: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Verify bcrypt hash
+	err = bcrypt.CompareHashAndPassword(key.Hash, []byte(secret))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid API key: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return &key, nil
+}
+
+// validateLegacyAPIKey validates a legacy format API key (prefix.secret).
+func validateLegacyAPIKey(db *gorm.DB, keyStr string) (*types.APIKey, error) {
+	// Legacy format uses "." as separator
+	prefix, secret, found := strings.Cut(keyStr, ".")
+	if !found {
+		return nil, ErrAPIKeyFailedToParse
+	}
+
+	// Legacy prefix is 7 chars
+	if len(prefix) != legacyAPIPrefixLength {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: legacy prefix length mismatch", ErrAPIKeyFailedToParse)
+	}
+
+	var key types.APIKey
+
+	err := db.First(&key, "prefix = ?", prefix).Error
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("API key not found: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Verify bcrypt (key.Hash stores bcrypt of full secret)
+	err = bcrypt.CompareHashAndPassword(key.Hash, []byte(secret))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid API key: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return &key, nil
+}

hscontrol/db/api_key_test.go

@@ -1,89 +1,275 @@
 package db
 
 import (
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
 	"time"
 
-	"gopkg.in/check.v1"
+	"github.com/juanfont/headscale/hscontrol/types"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"golang.org/x/crypto/bcrypt"
 )
 
-func (*Suite) TestCreateAPIKey(c *check.C) {
+func TestCreateAPIKey(t *testing.T) {
+	db, err := newSQLiteTestDB()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
 	apiKeyStr, apiKey, err := db.CreateAPIKey(nil)
-	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
-	c.Assert(apiKey, check.NotNil)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, apiKey)
 
 	// Did we get a valid key?
-	c.Assert(apiKey.Prefix, check.NotNil)
-	c.Assert(apiKey.Hash, check.NotNil)
-	c.Assert(apiKeyStr, check.Not(check.Equals), "")
+	assert.NotNil(t, apiKey.Prefix)
+	assert.NotNil(t, apiKey.Hash)
+	assert.NotEmpty(t, apiKeyStr)
 
 	_, err = db.ListAPIKeys()
-	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	keys, err := db.ListAPIKeys()
-	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
-	c.Assert(len(keys), check.Equals, 1)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Len(t, keys, 1)
 }
 
-func (*Suite) TestAPIKeyDoesNotExist(c *check.C) {
+func TestAPIKeyDoesNotExist(t *testing.T) {
+	db, err := newSQLiteTestDB()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
 	key, err := db.GetAPIKey("does-not-exist")
-	c.Assert(err, check.NotNil)
-	c.Assert(key, check.IsNil)
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Nil(t, key)
 }
 
-func (*Suite) TestValidateAPIKeyOk(c *check.C) {
+func TestValidateAPIKeyOk(t *testing.T) {
+	db, err := newSQLiteTestDB()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
 	nowPlus2 := time.Now().Add(2 * time.Hour)
 	apiKeyStr, apiKey, err := db.CreateAPIKey(&nowPlus2)
-	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
-	c.Assert(apiKey, check.NotNil)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, apiKey)
 
 	valid, err := db.ValidateAPIKey(apiKeyStr)
-	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
-	c.Assert(valid, check.Equals, true)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.True(t, valid)
 }
 
-func (*Suite) TestValidateAPIKeyNotOk(c *check.C) {
+func TestValidateAPIKeyNotOk(t *testing.T) {
+	db, err := newSQLiteTestDB()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
 	nowMinus2 := time.Now().Add(time.Duration(-2) * time.Hour)
 	apiKeyStr, apiKey, err := db.CreateAPIKey(&nowMinus2)
-	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
-	c.Assert(apiKey, check.NotNil)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, apiKey)
 
 	valid, err := db.ValidateAPIKey(apiKeyStr)
-	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
-	c.Assert(valid, check.Equals, false)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.False(t, valid)
 
 	now := time.Now()
 	apiKeyStrNow, apiKey, err := db.CreateAPIKey(&now)
-	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
-	c.Assert(apiKey, check.NotNil)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, apiKey)
 
 	validNow, err := db.ValidateAPIKey(apiKeyStrNow)
-	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
-	c.Assert(validNow, check.Equals, false)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.False(t, validNow)
 
 	validSilly, err := db.ValidateAPIKey("nota.validkey")
-	c.Assert(err, check.NotNil)
-	c.Assert(validSilly, check.Equals, false)
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	assert.False(t, validSilly)
 
 	validWithErr, err := db.ValidateAPIKey("produceerrorkey")
-	c.Assert(err, check.NotNil)
-	c.Assert(validWithErr, check.Equals, false)
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	assert.False(t, validWithErr)
 }
 
-func (*Suite) TestExpireAPIKey(c *check.C) {
+func TestExpireAPIKey(t *testing.T) {
+	db, err := newSQLiteTestDB()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
 	nowPlus2 := time.Now().Add(2 * time.Hour)
 	apiKeyStr, apiKey, err := db.CreateAPIKey(&nowPlus2)
-	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
-	c.Assert(apiKey, check.NotNil)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, apiKey)
 
 	valid, err := db.ValidateAPIKey(apiKeyStr)
-	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
-	c.Assert(valid, check.Equals, true)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.True(t, valid)
 
 	err = db.ExpireAPIKey(apiKey)
-	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
-	c.Assert(apiKey.Expiration, check.NotNil)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NotNil(t, apiKey.Expiration)
 
 	notValid, err := db.ValidateAPIKey(apiKeyStr)
-	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
-	c.Assert(notValid, check.Equals, false)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.False(t, notValid)
+}
+
+func TestAPIKeyWithPrefix(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name string
+		test func(*testing.T, *HSDatabase)
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "new_key_with_prefix",
+			test: func(t *testing.T, db *HSDatabase) {
+				t.Helper()
+
+				keyStr, apiKey, err := db.CreateAPIKey(nil)
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+
+				// Verify format: hskey-api-{12-char-prefix}-{64-char-secret}
+				assert.True(t, strings.HasPrefix(keyStr, "hskey-api-"))
+
+				_, prefixAndSecret, found := strings.Cut(keyStr, "hskey-api-")
+				assert.True(t, found)
+				assert.GreaterOrEqual(t, len(prefixAndSecret), 12+1+64)
+
+				prefix := prefixAndSecret[:12]
+				assert.Len(t, prefix, 12)
+				assert.Equal(t, byte('-'), prefixAndSecret[12])
+				secret := prefixAndSecret[13:]
+				assert.Len(t, secret, 64)
+
+				// Verify stored fields
+				assert.Len(t, apiKey.Prefix, types.NewAPIKeyPrefixLength)
+				assert.NotNil(t, apiKey.Hash)
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "new_key_can_be_retrieved",
+			test: func(t *testing.T, db *HSDatabase) {
+				t.Helper()
+
+				keyStr, createdKey, err := db.CreateAPIKey(nil)
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+
+				// Validate the created key
+				valid, err := db.ValidateAPIKey(keyStr)
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+				assert.True(t, valid)
+
+				// Verify prefix is correct length
+				assert.Len(t, createdKey.Prefix, types.NewAPIKeyPrefixLength)
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "invalid_key_format_rejected",
+			test: func(t *testing.T, db *HSDatabase) {
+				t.Helper()
+
+				invalidKeys := []string{
+					"",
+					"hskey-api-short",
+					"hskey-api-ABCDEFGHIJKL-tooshort",
+					"hskey-api-ABC$EFGHIJKL-" + strings.Repeat("a", 64),
+					"hskey-api-ABCDEFGHIJKL" + strings.Repeat("a", 64), // missing separator
+				}
+
+				for _, invalidKey := range invalidKeys {
+					valid, err := db.ValidateAPIKey(invalidKey)
+					require.Error(t, err, "key should be rejected: %s", invalidKey)
+					assert.False(t, valid)
+				}
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "legacy_key_still_works",
+			test: func(t *testing.T, db *HSDatabase) {
+				t.Helper()
+
+				// Insert legacy API key directly (7-char prefix + 32-char secret)
+				legacyPrefix := "abcdefg"
+				legacySecret := strings.Repeat("x", 32)
+				legacyKey := legacyPrefix + "." + legacySecret
+				hash, err := bcrypt.GenerateFromPassword([]byte(legacySecret), bcrypt.DefaultCost)
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+
+				now := time.Now()
+				err = db.DB.Exec(`
+					INSERT INTO api_keys (prefix, hash, created_at)
+					VALUES (?, ?, ?)
+				`, legacyPrefix, hash, now).Error
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+
+				// Validate legacy key
+				valid, err := db.ValidateAPIKey(legacyKey)
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+				assert.True(t, valid)
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "wrong_secret_rejected",
+			test: func(t *testing.T, db *HSDatabase) {
+				t.Helper()
+
+				keyStr, _, err := db.CreateAPIKey(nil)
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+
+				// Tamper with the secret
+				_, prefixAndSecret, _ := strings.Cut(keyStr, "hskey-api-")
+				prefix := prefixAndSecret[:12]
+				tamperedKey := "hskey-api-" + prefix + "-" + strings.Repeat("x", 64)
+
+				valid, err := db.ValidateAPIKey(tamperedKey)
+				require.Error(t, err)
+				assert.False(t, valid)
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "expired_key_rejected",
+			test: func(t *testing.T, db *HSDatabase) {
+				t.Helper()
+
+				// Create expired key
+				expired := time.Now().Add(-1 * time.Hour)
+				keyStr, _, err := db.CreateAPIKey(&expired)
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+
+				// Should fail validation
+				valid, err := db.ValidateAPIKey(keyStr)
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+				assert.False(t, valid)
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			db, err := newSQLiteTestDB()
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			tt.test(t, db)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestGetAPIKeyByID(t *testing.T) {
+	db, err := newSQLiteTestDB()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Create an API key
+	_, apiKey, err := db.CreateAPIKey(nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, apiKey)
+
+	// Retrieve by ID
+	retrievedKey, err := db.GetAPIKeyByID(apiKey.ID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, retrievedKey)
+	assert.Equal(t, apiKey.ID, retrievedKey.ID)
+	assert.Equal(t, apiKey.Prefix, retrievedKey.Prefix)
+}
+
+func TestGetAPIKeyByIDNotFound(t *testing.T) {
+	db, err := newSQLiteTestDB()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Try to get a non-existent key by ID
+	key, err := db.GetAPIKeyByID(99999)
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Nil(t, key)
 }

hscontrol/db/db.go

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ package db
 
 import (
 	"context"
-	"database/sql"
 	_ "embed"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
@@ -11,12 +10,12 @@ import (
 	"path/filepath"
 	"slices"
 	"strconv"
-	"strings"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/glebarez/sqlite"
 	"github.com/go-gormigrate/gormigrate/v2"
 	"github.com/juanfont/headscale/hscontrol/db/sqliteconfig"
+	"github.com/juanfont/headscale/hscontrol/policy"
 	"github.com/juanfont/headscale/hscontrol/types"
 	"github.com/juanfont/headscale/hscontrol/util"
 	"github.com/rs/zerolog/log"
@@ -26,7 +25,6 @@ import (
 	"gorm.io/gorm/logger"
 	"gorm.io/gorm/schema"
 	"tailscale.com/net/tsaddr"
-	"tailscale.com/util/set"
 	"zgo.at/zcache/v2"
 )
 
@@ -47,29 +45,19 @@ const (
 	contextTimeoutSecs = 10
 )
 
-// KV is a key-value store in a psql table. For future use...
-// TODO(kradalby): Is this used for anything?
-type KV struct {
-	Key   string
-	Value string
-}
-
 type HSDatabase struct {
 	DB       *gorm.DB
-	cfg      *types.DatabaseConfig
+	cfg      *types.Config
 	regCache *zcache.Cache[types.RegistrationID, types.RegisterNode]
-
-	baseDomain string
 }
 
-// TODO(kradalby): assemble this struct from toptions or something typed
-// rather than arguments.
+// NewHeadscaleDatabase creates a new database connection and runs migrations.
+// It accepts the full configuration to allow migrations access to policy settings.
 func NewHeadscaleDatabase(
-	cfg types.DatabaseConfig,
-	baseDomain string,
+	cfg *types.Config,
 	regCache *zcache.Cache[types.RegistrationID, types.RegisterNode],
 ) (*HSDatabase, error) {
-	dbConn, err := openDB(cfg)
+	dbConn, err := openDB(cfg.Database)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -79,497 +67,10 @@ func NewHeadscaleDatabase(
 		gormigrate.DefaultOptions,
 		[]*gormigrate.Migration{
 			// New migrations must be added as transactions at the end of this list.
-			// The initial migration here is quite messy, completely out of order and
-			// has no versioning and is the tech debt of not having versioned migrations
-			// prior to this point. This first migration is all DB changes to bring a DB
-			// up to 0.23.0.
-			{
-				ID: "202312101416",
-				Migrate: func(tx *gorm.DB) error {
-					if cfg.Type == types.DatabasePostgres {
-						tx.Exec(`create extension if not exists "uuid-ossp";`)
-					}
+			// Migrations start from v0.25.0. If upgrading from v0.24.x or earlier,
+			// you must first upgrade to v0.25.1 before upgrading to this version.
 
-					_ = tx.Migrator().RenameTable("namespaces", "users")
-
-					// the big rename from Machine to Node
-					_ = tx.Migrator().RenameTable("machines", "nodes")
-					_ = tx.Migrator().
-						RenameColumn(&types.Route{}, "machine_id", "node_id")
-
-					err = tx.AutoMigrate(types.User{})
-					if err != nil {
-						return err
-					}
-
-					_ = tx.Migrator().
-						RenameColumn(&types.Node{}, "namespace_id", "user_id")
-					_ = tx.Migrator().
-						RenameColumn(&types.PreAuthKey{}, "namespace_id", "user_id")
-
-					_ = tx.Migrator().
-						RenameColumn(&types.Node{}, "ip_address", "ip_addresses")
-					_ = tx.Migrator().RenameColumn(&types.Node{}, "name", "hostname")
-
-					// GivenName is used as the primary source of DNS names, make sure
-					// the field is populated and normalized if it was not when the
-					// node was registered.
-					_ = tx.Migrator().
-						RenameColumn(&types.Node{}, "nickname", "given_name")
-
-					dbConn.Model(&types.Node{}).Where("auth_key_id = ?", 0).Update("auth_key_id", nil)
-					// If the Node table has a column for registered,
-					// find all occurrences of "false" and drop them. Then
-					// remove the column.
-					if tx.Migrator().HasColumn(&types.Node{}, "registered") {
-						log.Info().
-							Msg(`Database has legacy "registered" column in node, removing...`)
-
-						nodes := types.Nodes{}
-						if err := tx.Not("registered").Find(&nodes).Error; err != nil {
-							log.Error().Err(err).Msg("Error accessing db")
-						}
-
-						for _, node := range nodes {
-							log.Info().
-								Str("node", node.Hostname).
-								Str("machine_key", node.MachineKey.ShortString()).
-								Msg("Deleting unregistered node")
-							if err := tx.Delete(&types.Node{}, node.ID).Error; err != nil {
-								log.Error().
-									Err(err).
-									Str("node", node.Hostname).
-									Str("machine_key", node.MachineKey.ShortString()).
-									Msg("Error deleting unregistered node")
-							}
-						}
-
-						err := tx.Migrator().DropColumn(&types.Node{}, "registered")
-						if err != nil {
-							log.Error().Err(err).Msg("Error dropping registered column")
-						}
-					}
-
-					// Remove any invalid routes associated with a node that does not exist.
-					if tx.Migrator().HasTable(&types.Route{}) && tx.Migrator().HasTable(&types.Node{}) {
-						err := tx.Exec("delete from routes where node_id not in (select id from nodes)").Error
-						if err != nil {
-							return err
-						}
-					}
-					err = tx.AutoMigrate(&types.Route{})
-					if err != nil {
-						return err
-					}
-
-					err = tx.AutoMigrate(&types.Node{})
-					if err != nil {
-						return err
-					}
-
-					// Ensure all keys have correct prefixes
-					// https://github.com/tailscale/tailscale/blob/main/types/key/node.go#L35
-					type result struct {
-						ID         uint64
-						MachineKey string
-						NodeKey    string
-						DiscoKey   string
-					}
-					var results []result
-					err = tx.Raw("SELECT id, node_key, machine_key, disco_key FROM nodes").
-						Find(&results).
-						Error
-					if err != nil {
-						return err
-					}
-
-					for _, node := range results {
-						mKey := node.MachineKey
-						if !strings.HasPrefix(node.MachineKey, "mkey:") {
-							mKey = "mkey:" + node.MachineKey
-						}
-						nKey := node.NodeKey
-						if !strings.HasPrefix(node.NodeKey, "nodekey:") {
-							nKey = "nodekey:" + node.NodeKey
-						}
-
-						dKey := node.DiscoKey
-						if !strings.HasPrefix(node.DiscoKey, "discokey:") {
-							dKey = "discokey:" + node.DiscoKey
-						}
-
-						err := tx.Exec(
-							"UPDATE nodes SET machine_key = @mKey, node_key = @nKey, disco_key = @dKey WHERE ID = @id",
-							sql.Named("mKey", mKey),
-							sql.Named("nKey", nKey),
-							sql.Named("dKey", dKey),
-							sql.Named("id", node.ID),
-						).Error
-						if err != nil {
-							return err
-						}
-					}
-
-					if tx.Migrator().HasColumn(&types.Node{}, "enabled_routes") {
-						log.Info().
-							Msgf("Database has legacy enabled_routes column in node, migrating...")
-
-						type NodeAux struct {
-							ID            uint64
-							EnabledRoutes []netip.Prefix `gorm:"serializer:json"`
-						}
-
-						nodesAux := []NodeAux{}
-						err := tx.Table("nodes").
-							Select("id, enabled_routes").
-							Scan(&nodesAux).
-							Error
-						if err != nil {
-							log.Fatal().Err(err).Msg("Error accessing db")
-						}
-						for _, node := range nodesAux {
-							for _, prefix := range node.EnabledRoutes {
-								if err != nil {
-									log.Error().
-										Err(err).
-										Str("enabled_route", prefix.String()).
-										Msg("Error parsing enabled_route")
-
-									continue
-								}
-
-								err = tx.Preload("Node").
-									Where("node_id = ? AND prefix = ?", node.ID, prefix).
-									First(&types.Route{}).
-									Error
-								if err == nil {
-									log.Info().
-										Str("enabled_route", prefix.String()).
-										Msg("Route already migrated to new table, skipping")
-
-									continue
-								}
-
-								route := types.Route{
-									NodeID:     node.ID,
-									Advertised: true,
-									Enabled:    true,
-									Prefix:     prefix,
-								}
-								if err := tx.Create(&route).Error; err != nil {
-									log.Error().Err(err).Msg("Error creating route")
-								} else {
-									log.Info().
-										Uint64("node.id", route.NodeID).
-										Str("prefix", prefix.String()).
-										Msg("Route migrated")
-								}
-							}
-						}
-
-						err = tx.Migrator().DropColumn(&types.Node{}, "enabled_routes")
-						if err != nil {
-							log.Error().
-								Err(err).
-								Msg("Error dropping enabled_routes column")
-						}
-					}
-
-					if tx.Migrator().HasColumn(&types.Node{}, "given_name") {
-						nodes := types.Nodes{}
-						if err := tx.Find(&nodes).Error; err != nil {
-							log.Error().Err(err).Msg("Error accessing db")
-						}
-
-						for item, node := range nodes {
-							if node.GivenName == "" {
-								if err != nil {
-									log.Error().
-										Caller().
-										Str("hostname", node.Hostname).
-										Err(err).
-										Msg("Failed to normalize node hostname in DB migration")
-								}
-
-								err = tx.Model(nodes[item]).Updates(types.Node{
-									GivenName: node.Hostname,
-								}).Error
-								if err != nil {
-									log.Error().
-										Caller().
-										Str("hostname", node.Hostname).
-										Err(err).
-										Msg("Failed to save normalized node name in DB migration")
-								}
-							}
-						}
-					}
-
-					err = tx.AutoMigrate(&KV{})
-					if err != nil {
-						return err
-					}
-
-					err = tx.AutoMigrate(&types.PreAuthKey{})
-					if err != nil {
-						return err
-					}
-
-					type preAuthKeyACLTag struct {
-						ID           uint64 `gorm:"primary_key"`
-						PreAuthKeyID uint64
-						Tag          string
-					}
-					err = tx.AutoMigrate(&preAuthKeyACLTag{})
-					if err != nil {
-						return err
-					}
-
-					_ = tx.Migrator().DropTable("shared_machines")
-
-					err = tx.AutoMigrate(&types.APIKey{})
-					if err != nil {
-						return err
-					}
-
-					return nil
-				},
-				Rollback: func(tx *gorm.DB) error {
-					return nil
-				},
-			},
-			{
-				// drop key-value table, it is not used, and has not contained
-				// useful data for a long time or ever.
-				ID: "202312101430",
-				Migrate: func(tx *gorm.DB) error {
-					return tx.Migrator().DropTable("kvs")
-				},
-				Rollback: func(tx *gorm.DB) error {
-					return nil
-				},
-			},
-			{
-				// remove last_successful_update from node table,
-				// no longer used.
-				ID: "202402151347",
-				Migrate: func(tx *gorm.DB) error {
-					_ = tx.Migrator().DropColumn(&types.Node{}, "last_successful_update")
-					return nil
-				},
-				Rollback: func(tx *gorm.DB) error {
-					return nil
-				},
-			},
-			{
-				// Replace column with IP address list with dedicated
-				// IP v4 and v6 column.
-				// Note that previously, the list _could_ contain more
-				// than two addresses, which should not really happen.
-				// In that case, the first occurrence of each type will
-				// be kept.
-				ID: "2024041121742",
-				Migrate: func(tx *gorm.DB) error {
-					_ = tx.Migrator().AddColumn(&types.Node{}, "ipv4")
-					_ = tx.Migrator().AddColumn(&types.Node{}, "ipv6")
-
-					type node struct {
-						ID        uint64 `gorm:"column:id"`
-						Addresses string `gorm:"column:ip_addresses"`
-					}
-
-					var nodes []node
-
-					_ = tx.Raw("SELECT id, ip_addresses FROM nodes").Scan(&nodes).Error
-
-					for _, node := range nodes {
-						addrs := strings.Split(node.Addresses, ",")
-
-						if len(addrs) == 0 {
-							return fmt.Errorf("no addresses found for node(%d)", node.ID)
-						}
-
-						var v4 *netip.Addr
-						var v6 *netip.Addr
-
-						for _, addrStr := range addrs {
-							addr, err := netip.ParseAddr(addrStr)
-							if err != nil {
-								return fmt.Errorf("parsing IP for node(%d) from database: %w", node.ID, err)
-							}
-
-							if addr.Is4() && v4 == nil {
-								v4 = &addr
-							}
-
-							if addr.Is6() && v6 == nil {
-								v6 = &addr
-							}
-						}
-
-						if v4 != nil {
-							err = tx.Model(&types.Node{}).Where("id = ?", node.ID).Update("ipv4", v4.String()).Error
-							if err != nil {
-								return fmt.Errorf("saving ip addresses to new columns: %w", err)
-							}
-						}
-
-						if v6 != nil {
-							err = tx.Model(&types.Node{}).Where("id = ?", node.ID).Update("ipv6", v6.String()).Error
-							if err != nil {
-								return fmt.Errorf("saving ip addresses to new columns: %w", err)
-							}
-						}
-					}
-
-					_ = tx.Migrator().DropColumn(&types.Node{}, "ip_addresses")
-
-					return nil
-				},
-				Rollback: func(tx *gorm.DB) error {
-					return nil
-				},
-			},
-			{
-				ID: "202406021630",
-				Migrate: func(tx *gorm.DB) error {
-					err := tx.AutoMigrate(&types.Policy{})
-					if err != nil {
-						return err
-					}
-
-					return nil
-				},
-				Rollback: func(db *gorm.DB) error { return nil },
-			},
-			// denormalise the ACL tags for preauth keys back onto
-			// the preauth key table. We dont normalise or reuse and
-			// it is just a bunch of work for extra work.
-			{
-				ID: "202409271400",
-				Migrate: func(tx *gorm.DB) error {
-					preauthkeyTags := map[uint64]set.Set[string]{}
-
-					type preAuthKeyACLTag struct {
-						ID           uint64 `gorm:"primary_key"`
-						PreAuthKeyID uint64
-						Tag          string
-					}
-
-					var aclTags []preAuthKeyACLTag
-					if err := tx.Find(&aclTags).Error; err != nil {
-						return err
-					}
-
-					// Store the current tags.
-					for _, tag := range aclTags {
-						if preauthkeyTags[tag.PreAuthKeyID] == nil {
-							preauthkeyTags[tag.PreAuthKeyID] = set.SetOf([]string{tag.Tag})
-						} else {
-							preauthkeyTags[tag.PreAuthKeyID].Add(tag.Tag)
-						}
-					}
-
-					// Add tags column and restore the tags.
-					_ = tx.Migrator().AddColumn(&types.PreAuthKey{}, "tags")
-					for keyID, tags := range preauthkeyTags {
-						s := tags.Slice()
-						j, err := json.Marshal(s)
-						if err != nil {
-							return err
-						}
-						if err := tx.Model(&types.PreAuthKey{}).Where("id = ?", keyID).Update("tags", string(j)).Error; err != nil {
-							return err
-						}
-					}
-
-					// Drop the old table.
-					_ = tx.Migrator().DropTable(&preAuthKeyACLTag{})
-
-					return nil
-				},
-				Rollback: func(db *gorm.DB) error { return nil },
-			},
-			{
-				// Pick up new user fields used for OIDC and to
-				// populate the user with more interesting information.
-				ID: "202407191627",
-				Migrate: func(tx *gorm.DB) error {
-					// Fix an issue where the automigration in GORM expected a constraint to
-					// exists that didn't, and add the one it wanted.
-					// Fixes https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/issues/2351
-					if cfg.Type == types.DatabasePostgres {
-						err := tx.Exec(`
-BEGIN;
-DO $$
-BEGIN
-    IF NOT EXISTS (
-        SELECT 1 FROM pg_constraint
-        WHERE conname = 'uni_users_name'
-    ) THEN
-        ALTER TABLE users ADD CONSTRAINT uni_users_name UNIQUE (name);
-    END IF;
-END $$;
-
-DO $$
-BEGIN
-    IF EXISTS (
-        SELECT 1 FROM pg_constraint
-        WHERE conname = 'users_name_key'
-    ) THEN
-        ALTER TABLE users DROP CONSTRAINT users_name_key;
-    END IF;
-END $$;
-COMMIT;
-`).Error
-						if err != nil {
-							return fmt.Errorf("failed to rename constraint: %w", err)
-						}
-					}
-
-					err := tx.AutoMigrate(&types.User{})
-					if err != nil {
-						return fmt.Errorf("automigrating types.User: %w", err)
-					}
-
-					return nil
-				},
-				Rollback: func(db *gorm.DB) error { return nil },
-			},
-			{
-				// The unique constraint of Name has been dropped
-				// in favour of a unique together of name and
-				// provider identity.
-				ID: "202408181235",
-				Migrate: func(tx *gorm.DB) error {
-					err := tx.AutoMigrate(&types.User{})
-					if err != nil {
-						return fmt.Errorf("automigrating types.User: %w", err)
-					}
-
-					// Set up indexes and unique constraints outside of GORM, it does not support
-					// conditional unique constraints.
-					// This ensures the following:
-					// - A user name and provider_identifier is unique
-					// - A provider_identifier is unique
-					// - A user name is unique if there is no provider_identifier is not set
-					for _, idx := range []string{
-						"DROP INDEX IF EXISTS idx_provider_identifier",
-						"DROP INDEX IF EXISTS idx_name_provider_identifier",
-						"CREATE UNIQUE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_provider_identifier ON users (provider_identifier) WHERE provider_identifier IS NOT NULL;",
-						"CREATE UNIQUE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_name_provider_identifier ON users (name,provider_identifier);",
-						"CREATE UNIQUE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_name_no_provider_identifier ON users (name) WHERE provider_identifier IS NULL;",
-					} {
-						err = tx.Exec(idx).Error
-						if err != nil {
-							return fmt.Errorf("creating username index: %w", err)
-						}
-					}
-
-					return nil
-				},
-				Rollback: func(db *gorm.DB) error { return nil },
-			},
+			// v0.25.0
 			{
 				// Add a constraint to routes ensuring they cannot exist without a node.
 				ID: "202501221827",
@@ -639,6 +140,7 @@ AND auth_key_id NOT IN (
 				},
 				Rollback: func(db *gorm.DB) error { return nil },
 			},
+			// v0.26.0
 			// Migrate all routes from the Route table to the new field ApprovedRoutes
 			// in the Node table. Then drop the Route table.
 			{
@@ -733,6 +235,7 @@ AND auth_key_id NOT IN (
 				},
 				Rollback: func(db *gorm.DB) error { return nil },
 			},
+			// v0.27.0
 			// Schema migration to ensure all tables match the expected schema.
 			// This migration recreates all tables to match the exact structure in schema.sql,
 			// preserving all data during the process.
@@ -741,7 +244,7 @@ AND auth_key_id NOT IN (
 				ID: "202507021200",
 				Migrate: func(tx *gorm.DB) error {
 					// Only run on SQLite
-					if cfg.Type != types.DatabaseSqlite {
+					if cfg.Database.Type != types.DatabaseSqlite {
 						log.Info().Msg("Skipping schema migration on non-SQLite database")
 						return nil
 					}
@@ -932,6 +435,7 @@ AND auth_key_id NOT IN (
 				},
 				Rollback: func(db *gorm.DB) error { return nil },
 			},
+			// v0.27.1
 			{
 				// Drop all tables that are no longer in use and has existed.
 				// They potentially still present from broken migrations in the past.
@@ -991,18 +495,266 @@ AND auth_key_id NOT IN (
 			// - NEVER use gorm.AutoMigrate, write the exact migration steps needed
 			// - AutoMigrate depends on the struct staying exactly the same, which it won't over time.
 			// - Never write migrations that requires foreign keys to be disabled.
+			// - ALL errors in migrations must be handled properly.
+
+			{
+				// Add columns for prefix and hash for pre auth keys, implementing
+				// them with the same security model as api keys.
+				ID: "202511011637-preauthkey-bcrypt",
+				Migrate: func(tx *gorm.DB) error {
+					// Check and add prefix column if it doesn't exist
+					if !tx.Migrator().HasColumn(&types.PreAuthKey{}, "prefix") {
+						err := tx.Migrator().AddColumn(&types.PreAuthKey{}, "prefix")
+						if err != nil {
+							return fmt.Errorf("adding prefix column: %w", err)
+						}
+					}
+
+					// Check and add hash column if it doesn't exist
+					if !tx.Migrator().HasColumn(&types.PreAuthKey{}, "hash") {
+						err := tx.Migrator().AddColumn(&types.PreAuthKey{}, "hash")
+						if err != nil {
+							return fmt.Errorf("adding hash column: %w", err)
+						}
+					}
+
+					// Create partial unique index to allow multiple legacy keys (NULL/empty prefix)
+					// while enforcing uniqueness for new bcrypt-based keys
+					err := tx.Exec("CREATE UNIQUE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_pre_auth_keys_prefix ON pre_auth_keys(prefix) WHERE prefix IS NOT NULL AND prefix != ''").Error
+					if err != nil {
+						return fmt.Errorf("creating prefix index: %w", err)
+					}
+
+					return nil
+				},
+				Rollback: func(db *gorm.DB) error { return nil },
+			},
+			{
+				ID: "202511122344-remove-newline-index",
+				Migrate: func(tx *gorm.DB) error {
+					// Reformat multi-line indexes to single-line for consistency
+					// This migration drops and recreates the three user identity indexes
+					// to match the single-line format expected by schema validation
+
+					// Drop existing multi-line indexes
+					dropIndexes := []string{
+						`DROP INDEX IF EXISTS idx_provider_identifier`,
+						`DROP INDEX IF EXISTS idx_name_provider_identifier`,
+						`DROP INDEX IF EXISTS idx_name_no_provider_identifier`,
+					}
+
+					for _, dropSQL := range dropIndexes {
+						err := tx.Exec(dropSQL).Error
+						if err != nil {
+							return fmt.Errorf("dropping index: %w", err)
+						}
+					}
+
+					// Recreate indexes in single-line format
+					createIndexes := []string{
+						`CREATE UNIQUE INDEX idx_provider_identifier ON users(provider_identifier) WHERE provider_identifier IS NOT NULL`,
+						`CREATE UNIQUE INDEX idx_name_provider_identifier ON users(name, provider_identifier)`,
+						`CREATE UNIQUE INDEX idx_name_no_provider_identifier ON users(name) WHERE provider_identifier IS NULL`,
+					}
+
+					for _, createSQL := range createIndexes {
+						err := tx.Exec(createSQL).Error
+						if err != nil {
+							return fmt.Errorf("creating index: %w", err)
+						}
+					}
+
+					return nil
+				},
+				Rollback: func(db *gorm.DB) error { return nil },
+			},
+			{
+				// Rename forced_tags column to tags in nodes table.
+				// This must run after migration 202505141324 which creates tables with forced_tags.
+				ID: "202511131445-node-forced-tags-to-tags",
+				Migrate: func(tx *gorm.DB) error {
+					// Rename the column from forced_tags to tags
+					err := tx.Migrator().RenameColumn(&types.Node{}, "forced_tags", "tags")
+					if err != nil {
+						return fmt.Errorf("renaming forced_tags to tags: %w", err)
+					}
+
+					return nil
+				},
+				Rollback: func(db *gorm.DB) error { return nil },
+			},
+			{
+				// Migrate RequestTags from host_info JSON to tags column.
+				// In 0.27.x, tags from --advertise-tags (ValidTags) were stored only in
+				// host_info.RequestTags, not in the tags column (formerly forced_tags).
+				// This migration validates RequestTags against the policy's tagOwners
+				// and merges validated tags into the tags column.
+				// Fixes: https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/issues/3006
+				ID: "202601121700-migrate-hostinfo-request-tags",
+				Migrate: func(tx *gorm.DB) error {
+					// 1. Load policy from file or database based on configuration
+					policyData, err := PolicyBytes(tx, cfg)
+					if err != nil {
+						log.Warn().Err(err).Msg("Failed to load policy, skipping RequestTags migration (tags will be validated on node reconnect)")
+						return nil
+					}
+
+					if len(policyData) == 0 {
+						log.Info().Msg("No policy found, skipping RequestTags migration (tags will be validated on node reconnect)")
+						return nil
+					}
+
+					// 2. Load users and nodes to create PolicyManager
+					users, err := ListUsers(tx)
+					if err != nil {
+						return fmt.Errorf("loading users for RequestTags migration: %w", err)
+					}
+
+					nodes, err := ListNodes(tx)
+					if err != nil {
+						return fmt.Errorf("loading nodes for RequestTags migration: %w", err)
+					}
+
+					// 3. Create PolicyManager (handles HuJSON parsing, groups, nested tags, etc.)
+					polMan, err := policy.NewPolicyManager(policyData, users, nodes.ViewSlice())
+					if err != nil {
+						log.Warn().Err(err).Msg("Failed to parse policy, skipping RequestTags migration (tags will be validated on node reconnect)")
+						return nil
+					}
+
+					// 4. Process each node
+					for _, node := range nodes {
+						if node.Hostinfo == nil {
+							continue
+						}
+
+						requestTags := node.Hostinfo.RequestTags
+						if len(requestTags) == 0 {
+							continue
+						}
+
+						existingTags := node.Tags
+
+						var validatedTags, rejectedTags []string
+
+						nodeView := node.View()
+
+						for _, tag := range requestTags {
+							if polMan.NodeCanHaveTag(nodeView, tag) {
+								if !slices.Contains(existingTags, tag) {
+									validatedTags = append(validatedTags, tag)
+								}
+							} else {
+								rejectedTags = append(rejectedTags, tag)
+							}
+						}
+
+						if len(validatedTags) == 0 {
+							if len(rejectedTags) > 0 {
+								log.Debug().
+									Uint64("node.id", uint64(node.ID)).
+									Str("node.name", node.Hostname).
+									Strs("rejected_tags", rejectedTags).
+									Msg("RequestTags rejected during migration (not authorized)")
+							}
+
+							continue
+						}
+
+						mergedTags := append(existingTags, validatedTags...)
+						slices.Sort(mergedTags)
+						mergedTags = slices.Compact(mergedTags)
+
+						tagsJSON, err := json.Marshal(mergedTags)
+						if err != nil {
+							return fmt.Errorf("serializing merged tags for node %d: %w", node.ID, err)
+						}
+
+						err = tx.Exec("UPDATE nodes SET tags = ? WHERE id = ?", string(tagsJSON), node.ID).Error
+						if err != nil {
+							return fmt.Errorf("updating tags for node %d: %w", node.ID, err)
+						}
+
+						log.Info().
+							Uint64("node.id", uint64(node.ID)).
+							Str("node.name", node.Hostname).
+							Strs("validated_tags", validatedTags).
+							Strs("rejected_tags", rejectedTags).
+							Strs("existing_tags", existingTags).
+							Strs("merged_tags", mergedTags).
+							Msg("Migrated validated RequestTags from host_info to tags column")
+					}
+
+					return nil
+				},
+				Rollback: func(db *gorm.DB) error { return nil },
+			},
 		},
 	)
 
-	if err := runMigrations(cfg, dbConn, migrations); err != nil {
-		log.Fatal().Err(err).Msgf("Migration failed: %v", err)
+	migrations.InitSchema(func(tx *gorm.DB) error {
+		// Create all tables using AutoMigrate
+		err := tx.AutoMigrate(
+			&types.User{},
+			&types.PreAuthKey{},
+			&types.APIKey{},
+			&types.Node{},
+			&types.Policy{},
+		)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		// Drop all indexes (both GORM-created and potentially pre-existing ones)
+		// to ensure we can recreate them in the correct format
+		dropIndexes := []string{
+			`DROP INDEX IF EXISTS "idx_users_deleted_at"`,
+			`DROP INDEX IF EXISTS "idx_api_keys_prefix"`,
+			`DROP INDEX IF EXISTS "idx_policies_deleted_at"`,
+			`DROP INDEX IF EXISTS "idx_provider_identifier"`,
+			`DROP INDEX IF EXISTS "idx_name_provider_identifier"`,
+			`DROP INDEX IF EXISTS "idx_name_no_provider_identifier"`,
+			`DROP INDEX IF EXISTS "idx_pre_auth_keys_prefix"`,
+		}
+
+		for _, dropSQL := range dropIndexes {
+			err := tx.Exec(dropSQL).Error
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Recreate indexes without backticks to match schema.sql format
+		indexes := []string{
+			`CREATE INDEX idx_users_deleted_at ON users(deleted_at)`,
+			`CREATE UNIQUE INDEX idx_api_keys_prefix ON api_keys(prefix)`,
+			`CREATE INDEX idx_policies_deleted_at ON policies(deleted_at)`,
+			`CREATE UNIQUE INDEX idx_provider_identifier ON users(provider_identifier) WHERE provider_identifier IS NOT NULL`,
+			`CREATE UNIQUE INDEX idx_name_provider_identifier ON users(name, provider_identifier)`,
+			`CREATE UNIQUE INDEX idx_name_no_provider_identifier ON users(name) WHERE provider_identifier IS NULL`,
+			`CREATE UNIQUE INDEX idx_pre_auth_keys_prefix ON pre_auth_keys(prefix) WHERE prefix IS NOT NULL AND prefix != ''`,
+		}
+
+		for _, indexSQL := range indexes {
+			err := tx.Exec(indexSQL).Error
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+
+		return nil
+	})
+
+	err = runMigrations(cfg.Database, dbConn, migrations)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("migration failed: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	// Validate that the schema ends up in the expected state.
 	// This is currently only done on sqlite as squibble does not
 	// support Postgres and we use our sqlite schema as our source of
 	// truth.
-	if cfg.Type == types.DatabaseSqlite {
+	if cfg.Database.Type == types.DatabaseSqlite {
 		sqlConn, err := dbConn.DB()
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("getting DB from gorm: %w", err)
@@ -1034,10 +786,8 @@ AND auth_key_id NOT IN (
 
 	db := HSDatabase{
 		DB:       dbConn,
-		cfg:      &cfg,
+		cfg:      cfg,
 		regCache: regCache,
-
-		baseDomain: baseDomain,
 	}
 
 	return &db, err
@@ -1156,13 +906,8 @@ func runMigrations(cfg types.DatabaseConfig, dbConn *gorm.DB, migrations *gormig
 		// These are migrations that perform complex schema changes that GORM cannot handle safely with FK enabled
 		// NO NEW MIGRATIONS SHOULD BE ADDED HERE. ALL NEW MIGRATIONS MUST RUN WITH FOREIGN KEYS ENABLED.
 		migrationsRequiringFKDisabled := map[string]bool{
-			"202312101416":  true, // Initial migration with complex table/column renames
-			"202402151347":  true, // Migration that removes last_successful_update column
-			"2024041121742": true, // Migration that changes IP address storage format
-			"202407191627":  true, // User table automigration with FK constraint issues
-			"202408181235":  true, // User table automigration with FK constraint issues
-			"202501221827":  true, // Route table automigration with FK constraint issues
-			"202501311657":  true, // PreAuthKey table automigration with FK constraint issues
+			"202501221827": true, // Route table automigration with FK constraint issues
+			"202501311657": true, // PreAuthKey table automigration with FK constraint issues
 			// Add other migration IDs here as they are identified to need FK disabled
 		}
 
@@ -1176,21 +921,17 @@ func runMigrations(cfg types.DatabaseConfig, dbConn *gorm.DB, migrations *gormig
 		// Only IDs that are in the migrationsRequiringFKDisabled map will be processed with FK disabled
 		// any other new migrations are ran after.
 		migrationIDs := []string{
-			"202312101416",
-			"202312101430",
-			"202402151347",
-			"2024041121742",
-			"202406021630",
-			"202407191627",
-			"202408181235",
-			"202409271400",
+			// v0.25.0
 			"202501221827",
 			"202501311657",
 			"202502070949",
+
+			// v0.26.0
 			"202502131714",
 			"202502171819",
 			"202505091439",
 			"202505141324",
+
 			// As of 2025-07-02, no new IDs should be added here.
 			// They will be ran by the migrations.Migrate() call below.
 		}
@@ -1289,7 +1030,7 @@ func (hsdb *HSDatabase) Close() error {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	if hsdb.cfg.Type == types.DatabaseSqlite && hsdb.cfg.Sqlite.WriteAheadLog {
+	if hsdb.cfg.Database.Type == types.DatabaseSqlite && hsdb.cfg.Database.Sqlite.WriteAheadLog {
 		db.Exec("VACUUM")
 	}
 

hscontrol/db/db_test.go

@@ -2,19 +2,14 @@ package db
 
 import (
 	"database/sql"
-	"net/netip"
 	"os"
 	"os/exec"
 	"path/filepath"
-	"slices"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/google/go-cmp/cmp"
-	"github.com/google/go-cmp/cmp/cmpopts"
 	"github.com/juanfont/headscale/hscontrol/types"
-	"github.com/juanfont/headscale/hscontrol/util"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 	"gorm.io/gorm"
@@ -25,400 +20,14 @@ import (
 // and validates data integrity after migration. All migrations that require data validation
 // should be added here.
 func TestSQLiteMigrationAndDataValidation(t *testing.T) {
-	ipp := func(p string) netip.Prefix {
-		return netip.MustParsePrefix(p)
-	}
-	r := func(id uint64, p string, a, e, i bool) types.Route {
-		return types.Route{
-			NodeID:     id,
-			Prefix:     ipp(p),
-			Advertised: a,
-			Enabled:    e,
-			IsPrimary:  i,
-		}
-	}
 	tests := []struct {
 		dbPath   string
 		wantFunc func(*testing.T, *HSDatabase)
 	}{
-		{
-			dbPath: "testdata/sqlite/0-22-3-to-0-23-0-routes-are-dropped-2063_dump.sql",
-			wantFunc: func(t *testing.T, hsdb *HSDatabase) {
-				t.Helper()
-				// Comprehensive data preservation validation for 0.22.3->0.23.0 migration
-				// Expected data from dump: 4 users, 17 pre_auth_keys, 14 machines/nodes, 12 routes
-
-				// Verify users data preservation - should have 4 users
-				users, err := Read(hsdb.DB, func(rx *gorm.DB) ([]types.User, error) {
-					return ListUsers(rx)
-				})
-				require.NoError(t, err)
-				assert.Len(t, users, 4, "should preserve all 4 users from original schema")
-
-				// Verify pre_auth_keys data preservation - should have 17 keys
-				preAuthKeys, err := Read(hsdb.DB, func(rx *gorm.DB) ([]types.PreAuthKey, error) {
-					var keys []types.PreAuthKey
-					err := rx.Find(&keys).Error
-					return keys, err
-				})
-				require.NoError(t, err)
-				assert.Len(t, preAuthKeys, 17, "should preserve all 17 pre_auth_keys from original schema")
-
-				// Verify all nodes data preservation - should have 14 nodes
-				allNodes, err := Read(hsdb.DB, func(rx *gorm.DB) (types.Nodes, error) {
-					return ListNodes(rx)
-				})
-				require.NoError(t, err)
-				assert.Len(t, allNodes, 14, "should preserve all 14 machines/nodes from original schema")
-
-				// Verify specific nodes and their route migration with detailed validation
-				nodes, err := Read(hsdb.DB, func(rx *gorm.DB) (types.Nodes, error) {
-					n1, err := GetNodeByID(rx, 1)
-					n26, err := GetNodeByID(rx, 26)
-					n31, err := GetNodeByID(rx, 31)
-					n32, err := GetNodeByID(rx, 32)
-					if err != nil {
-						return nil, err
-					}
-
-					return types.Nodes{n1, n26, n31, n32}, nil
-				})
-				require.NoError(t, err)
-				assert.Len(t, nodes, 4, "should have retrieved 4 specific nodes")
-
-				// Validate specific node data from dump file
-				nodesByID := make(map[uint64]*types.Node)
-				for i := range nodes {
-					nodesByID[nodes[i].ID.Uint64()] = nodes[i]
-				}
-
-				node1 := nodesByID[1]
-				node26 := nodesByID[26]
-				node31 := nodesByID[31]
-				node32 := nodesByID[32]
-
-				require.NotNil(t, node1, "node 1 should exist")
-				require.NotNil(t, node26, "node 26 should exist")
-				require.NotNil(t, node31, "node 31 should exist")
-				require.NotNil(t, node32, "node 32 should exist")
-
-				// Validate node data using cmp.Diff
-				expectedNodes := map[uint64]struct {
-					Hostname  string
-					GivenName string
-					IPv4      string
-				}{
-					1:  {Hostname: "test_hostname", GivenName: "test_given_name", IPv4: "100.64.0.1"},
-					26: {Hostname: "test_hostname", GivenName: "test_given_name", IPv4: "100.64.0.19"},
-					31: {Hostname: "test_hostname", GivenName: "test_given_name", IPv4: "100.64.0.7"},
-					32: {Hostname: "test_hostname", GivenName: "test_given_name", IPv4: "100.64.0.11"},
-				}
-
-				for nodeID, expected := range expectedNodes {
-					node := nodesByID[nodeID]
-					require.NotNil(t, node, "node %d should exist", nodeID)
-
-					actual := struct {
-						Hostname  string
-						GivenName string
-						IPv4      string
-					}{
-						Hostname:  node.Hostname,
-						GivenName: node.GivenName,
-						IPv4:      node.IPv4.String(),
-					}
-
-					if diff := cmp.Diff(expected, actual); diff != "" {
-						t.Errorf("TestSQLiteMigrationAndDataValidation() node %d mismatch (-want +got):\n%s", nodeID, diff)
-					}
-				}
-
-				// Validate that routes were properly migrated from routes table to approved_routes
-				// Based on the dump file routes data:
-				// Node 1 (machine_id 1): routes 1,2,3 (0.0.0.0/0 enabled, ::/0 enabled, 10.9.110.0/24 enabled+primary)
-				// Node 26 (machine_id 26): route 6 (172.100.100.0/24 enabled+primary), route 7 (172.100.100.0/24 disabled)
-				// Node 31 (machine_id 31): routes 8,10 (0.0.0.0/0 enabled, ::/0 enabled), routes 9,11 (duplicates disabled)
-				// Node 32 (machine_id 32): route 12 (192.168.0.24/32 enabled+primary)
-				want := [][]netip.Prefix{
-					{ipp("0.0.0.0/0"), ipp("10.9.110.0/24"), ipp("::/0")}, // node 1: 3 enabled routes
-					{ipp("172.100.100.0/24")},                             // node 26: 1 enabled route
-					{ipp("0.0.0.0/0"), ipp("::/0")},                       // node 31: 2 enabled routes
-					{ipp("192.168.0.24/32")},                              // node 32: 1 enabled route
-				}
-				var got [][]netip.Prefix
-				for _, node := range nodes {
-					got = append(got, node.ApprovedRoutes)
-				}
-
-				if diff := cmp.Diff(want, got, util.PrefixComparer); diff != "" {
-					t.Errorf("TestSQLiteMigrationAndDataValidation() route migration mismatch (-want +got):\n%s", diff)
-				}
-
-				// Verify routes table was dropped after migration
-				var routesTableExists bool
-				err = hsdb.DB.Raw("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM sqlite_master WHERE type='table' AND name='routes'").Row().Scan(&routesTableExists)
-				require.NoError(t, err)
-				assert.False(t, routesTableExists, "routes table should have been dropped after migration")
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			dbPath: "testdata/sqlite/0-22-3-to-0-23-0-routes-fail-foreign-key-2076_dump.sql",
-			wantFunc: func(t *testing.T, hsdb *HSDatabase) {
-				t.Helper()
-				// Comprehensive data preservation validation for foreign key constraint issue case
-				// Expected data from dump: 4 users, 2 pre_auth_keys, 8 nodes
-
-				// Verify users data preservation
-				users, err := Read(hsdb.DB, func(rx *gorm.DB) ([]types.User, error) {
-					return ListUsers(rx)
-				})
-				require.NoError(t, err)
-				assert.Len(t, users, 4, "should preserve all 4 users from original schema")
-
-				// Verify pre_auth_keys data preservation
-				preAuthKeys, err := Read(hsdb.DB, func(rx *gorm.DB) ([]types.PreAuthKey, error) {
-					var keys []types.PreAuthKey
-					err := rx.Find(&keys).Error
-					return keys, err
-				})
-				require.NoError(t, err)
-				assert.Len(t, preAuthKeys, 2, "should preserve all 2 pre_auth_keys from original schema")
-
-				// Verify all nodes data preservation
-				allNodes, err := Read(hsdb.DB, func(rx *gorm.DB) (types.Nodes, error) {
-					return ListNodes(rx)
-				})
-				require.NoError(t, err)
-				assert.Len(t, allNodes, 8, "should preserve all 8 nodes from original schema")
-
-				// Verify specific node route migration
-				node, err := Read(hsdb.DB, func(rx *gorm.DB) (*types.Node, error) {
-					return GetNodeByID(rx, 13)
-				})
-				require.NoError(t, err)
-
-				assert.Len(t, node.ApprovedRoutes, 3)
-				_ = types.Routes{
-					// These routes exists, but have no nodes associated with them
-					// when the migration starts.
-					// r(1, "0.0.0.0/0", true, false),
-					// r(1, "::/0", true, false),
-					// r(3, "0.0.0.0/0", true, false),
-					// r(3, "::/0", true, false),
-					// r(5, "0.0.0.0/0", true, false),
-					// r(5, "::/0", true, false),
-					// r(6, "0.0.0.0/0", true, false),
-					// r(6, "::/0", true, false),
-					// r(6, "10.0.0.0/8", true, false, false),
-					// r(7, "0.0.0.0/0", true, false),
-					// r(7, "::/0", true, false),
-					// r(7, "10.0.0.0/8", true, false, false),
-					// r(9, "0.0.0.0/0", true, false),
-					// r(9, "::/0", true, false),
-					// r(9, "10.0.0.0/8", true, false),
-					// r(11, "0.0.0.0/0", true, false),
-					// r(11, "::/0", true, false),
-					// r(11, "10.0.0.0/8", true, true),
-					// r(12, "0.0.0.0/0", true, false),
-					// r(12, "::/0", true, false),
-					// r(12, "10.0.0.0/8", true, false, false),
-					//
-					// These nodes exists, so routes should be kept.
-					r(13, "10.0.0.0/8", true, false, false),
-					r(13, "0.0.0.0/0", true, true, false),
-					r(13, "::/0", true, true, false),
-					r(13, "10.18.80.2/32", true, true, true),
-				}
-				want := []netip.Prefix{ipp("0.0.0.0/0"), ipp("10.18.80.2/32"), ipp("::/0")}
-				if diff := cmp.Diff(want, node.ApprovedRoutes, util.PrefixComparer); diff != "" {
-					t.Errorf("TestSQLiteMigrationAndDataValidation() route migration mismatch (-want +got):\n%s", diff)
-				}
-
-				// Verify routes table was dropped after migration
-				var routesTableExists bool
-				err = hsdb.DB.Raw("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM sqlite_master WHERE type='table' AND name='routes'").Row().Scan(&routesTableExists)
-				require.NoError(t, err)
-				assert.False(t, routesTableExists, "routes table should have been dropped after migration")
-			},
-		},
 		// at 14:15:06 ❯ go run ./cmd/headscale preauthkeys list
 		// ID | Key      | Reusable | Ephemeral | Used  | Expiration | Created    | Tags
 		// 1  | 09b28f.. | false    | false     | false | 2024-09-27 | 2024-09-27 | tag:derp
 		// 2  | 3112b9.. | false    | false     | false | 2024-09-27 | 2024-09-27 | tag:derp
-		// 3  | 7c23b9.. | false    | false     | false | 2024-09-27 | 2024-09-27 | tag:derp,tag:merp
-		// 4  | f20155.. | false    | false     | false | 2024-09-27 | 2024-09-27 | tag:test
-		// 5  | b212b9.. | false    | false     | false | 2024-09-27 | 2024-09-27 | tag:test,tag:woop,tag:dedu
-		{
-			dbPath: "testdata/sqlite/0-23-0-to-0-24-0-preauthkey-tags-table_dump.sql",
-			wantFunc: func(t *testing.T, hsdb *HSDatabase) {
-				t.Helper()
-				// Comprehensive data preservation validation for pre-auth key tags migration
-				// Expected data from dump: 2 users (kratest, testkra), 5 pre_auth_keys with specific tags
-
-				// Verify users data preservation with specific user data
-				users, err := Read(hsdb.DB, func(rx *gorm.DB) ([]types.User, error) {
-					return ListUsers(rx)
-				})
-				require.NoError(t, err)
-				assert.Len(t, users, 2, "should preserve all 2 users from original schema")
-
-				// Validate specific user data from dump file using cmp.Diff
-				expectedUsers := []types.User{
-					{Model: gorm.Model{ID: 1}, Name: "kratest"},
-					{Model: gorm.Model{ID: 2}, Name: "testkra"},
-				}
-
-				if diff := cmp.Diff(expectedUsers, users,
-					cmpopts.IgnoreFields(types.User{}, "CreatedAt", "UpdatedAt", "DeletedAt", "DisplayName", "Email", "ProviderIdentifier", "Provider", "ProfilePicURL")); diff != "" {
-					t.Errorf("TestSQLiteMigrationAndDataValidation() users mismatch (-want +got):\n%s", diff)
-				}
-
-				// Create maps for easier access in later validations
-				usersByName := make(map[string]*types.User)
-				for i := range users {
-					usersByName[users[i].Name] = &users[i]
-				}
-				kratest := usersByName["kratest"]
-				testkra := usersByName["testkra"]
-
-				// Verify all pre_auth_keys data preservation
-				allKeys, err := Read(hsdb.DB, func(rx *gorm.DB) ([]types.PreAuthKey, error) {
-					var keys []types.PreAuthKey
-					err := rx.Find(&keys).Error
-					return keys, err
-				})
-				require.NoError(t, err)
-				assert.Len(t, allKeys, 5, "should preserve all 5 pre_auth_keys from original schema")
-
-				// Verify specific pre-auth keys and their tag migration with exact data validation
-				keys, err := Read(hsdb.DB, func(rx *gorm.DB) ([]types.PreAuthKey, error) {
-					kratest, err := ListPreAuthKeysByUser(rx, 1) // kratest
-					if err != nil {
-						return nil, err
-					}
-
-					testkra, err := ListPreAuthKeysByUser(rx, 2) // testkra
-					if err != nil {
-						return nil, err
-					}
-
-					return append(kratest, testkra...), nil
-				})
-				require.NoError(t, err)
-				assert.Len(t, keys, 5)
-
-				// Create map for easier validation by ID
-				keysByID := make(map[uint64]*types.PreAuthKey)
-				for i := range keys {
-					keysByID[keys[i].ID] = &keys[i]
-				}
-
-				// Validate specific pre-auth key data and tag migration from pre_auth_key_acl_tags table
-				key1 := keysByID[1]
-				key2 := keysByID[2]
-				key3 := keysByID[3]
-				key4 := keysByID[4]
-				key5 := keysByID[5]
-
-				require.NotNil(t, key1, "pre_auth_key 1 should exist")
-				require.NotNil(t, key2, "pre_auth_key 2 should exist")
-				require.NotNil(t, key3, "pre_auth_key 3 should exist")
-				require.NotNil(t, key4, "pre_auth_key 4 should exist")
-				require.NotNil(t, key5, "pre_auth_key 5 should exist")
-
-				// Validate specific pre-auth key data and tag migration using cmp.Diff
-				expectedKeys := []types.PreAuthKey{
-					{
-						ID:     1,
-						Key:    "09b28f8c3351984874d46dace0a70177a8721933a950b663",
-						UserID: kratest.ID,
-						Tags:   []string{"tag:derp"},
-					},
-					{
-						ID:     2,
-						Key:    "3112b953cb344191b2d5aec1b891250125bf7b437eac5d26",
-						UserID: kratest.ID,
-						Tags:   []string{"tag:derp"},
-					},
-					{
-						ID:     3,
-						Key:    "7c23b9f215961e7609527aef78bf82fb19064b002d78c36f",
-						UserID: kratest.ID,
-						Tags:   []string{"tag:derp", "tag:merp"},
-					},
-					{
-						ID:     4,
-						Key:    "f2015583852b725220cc4b107fb288a4cf7ac259bd458a32",
-						UserID: testkra.ID,
-						Tags:   []string{"tag:test"},
-					},
-					{
-						ID:     5,
-						Key:    "b212b990165e897944dd3772786544402729fb349da50f57",
-						UserID: testkra.ID,
-						Tags:   []string{"tag:test", "tag:woop", "tag:dedu"},
-					},
-				}
-
-				if diff := cmp.Diff(expectedKeys, keys, cmp.Comparer(func(a, b []string) bool {
-					slices.Sort(a)
-					slices.Sort(b)
-					return slices.Equal(a, b)
-				}), cmpopts.IgnoreFields(types.PreAuthKey{}, "User", "CreatedAt", "Reusable", "Ephemeral", "Used", "Expiration")); diff != "" {
-					t.Errorf("TestSQLiteMigrationAndDataValidation() pre-auth key tags migration mismatch (-want +got):\n%s", diff)
-				}
-
-				// Verify pre_auth_key_acl_tags table was dropped after migration
-				if hsdb.DB.Migrator().HasTable("pre_auth_key_acl_tags") {
-					t.Errorf("TestSQLiteMigrationAndDataValidation() table pre_auth_key_acl_tags should not exist after migration")
-				}
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			dbPath: "testdata/sqlite/0-23-0-to-0-24-0-no-more-special-types_dump.sql",
-			wantFunc: func(t *testing.T, hsdb *HSDatabase) {
-				t.Helper()
-				// Comprehensive data preservation validation for special types removal migration
-				// Expected data from dump: 2 users, 2 pre_auth_keys, 12 nodes
-
-				// Verify users data preservation
-				users, err := Read(hsdb.DB, func(rx *gorm.DB) ([]types.User, error) {
-					return ListUsers(rx)
-				})
-				require.NoError(t, err)
-				assert.Len(t, users, 2, "should preserve all 2 users from original schema")
-
-				// Verify pre_auth_keys data preservation
-				preAuthKeys, err := Read(hsdb.DB, func(rx *gorm.DB) ([]types.PreAuthKey, error) {
-					var keys []types.PreAuthKey
-					err := rx.Find(&keys).Error
-					return keys, err
-				})
-				require.NoError(t, err)
-				assert.Len(t, preAuthKeys, 2, "should preserve all 2 pre_auth_keys from original schema")
-
-				// Verify nodes data preservation and field validation
-				nodes, err := Read(hsdb.DB, func(rx *gorm.DB) (types.Nodes, error) {
-					return ListNodes(rx)
-				})
-				require.NoError(t, err)
-				assert.Len(t, nodes, 12, "should preserve all 12 nodes from original schema")
-
-				for _, node := range nodes {
-					assert.Falsef(t, node.MachineKey.IsZero(), "expected non zero machinekey")
-					assert.Contains(t, node.MachineKey.String(), "mkey:")
-					assert.Falsef(t, node.NodeKey.IsZero(), "expected non zero nodekey")
-					assert.Contains(t, node.NodeKey.String(), "nodekey:")
-					assert.Falsef(t, node.DiscoKey.IsZero(), "expected non zero discokey")
-					assert.Contains(t, node.DiscoKey.String(), "discokey:")
-					assert.NotNil(t, node.IPv4)
-					assert.NotNil(t, node.IPv6)
-					assert.Len(t, node.Endpoints, 1)
-					assert.NotNil(t, node.Hostinfo)
-					assert.NotNil(t, node.MachineKey)
-				}
-			},
-		},
 		{
 			dbPath: "testdata/sqlite/failing-node-preauth-constraint_dump.sql",
 			wantFunc: func(t *testing.T, hsdb *HSDatabase) {
@@ -458,251 +67,81 @@ func TestSQLiteMigrationAndDataValidation(t *testing.T) {
 				}
 			},
 		},
+		// Test for RequestTags migration (202601121700-migrate-hostinfo-request-tags)
+		// and forced_tags->tags rename migration (202511131445-node-forced-tags-to-tags)
+		//
+		// This test validates that:
+		// 1. The forced_tags column is renamed to tags
+		// 2. RequestTags from host_info are validated against policy tagOwners
+		// 3. Authorized tags are migrated to the tags column
+		// 4. Unauthorized tags are rejected
+		// 5. Existing tags are preserved
+		// 6. Group membership is evaluated for tag authorization
 		{
-			dbPath: "testdata/sqlite/wrongly-migrated-schema-0.25.1_dump.sql",
+			dbPath: "testdata/sqlite/request_tags_migration_test.sql",
 			wantFunc: func(t *testing.T, hsdb *HSDatabase) {
 				t.Helper()
-				// Test migration of a database that was wrongly migrated in 0.25.1
-				// This database has several issues:
-				// 1. Missing proper user unique constraints (idx_provider_identifier, idx_name_provider_identifier, idx_name_no_provider_identifier)
-				// 2. Still has routes table that should have been migrated to node.approved_routes
-				// 3. Wrong FOREIGN KEY constraint on pre_auth_keys (CASCADE instead of SET NULL)
-				// 4. Missing some required indexes
 
-				// Verify users table data is preserved with specific user data
-				users, err := Read(hsdb.DB, func(rx *gorm.DB) ([]types.User, error) {
-					return ListUsers(rx)
-				})
-				require.NoError(t, err)
-				assert.Len(t, users, 2, "should preserve existing users")
-
-				// Validate specific user data from dump file using cmp.Diff
-				expectedUsers := []types.User{
-					{Model: gorm.Model{ID: 1}, Name: "user2"},
-					{Model: gorm.Model{ID: 2}, Name: "user1"},
-				}
-
-				if diff := cmp.Diff(expectedUsers, users,
-					cmpopts.IgnoreFields(types.User{}, "CreatedAt", "UpdatedAt", "DeletedAt", "DisplayName", "Email", "ProviderIdentifier", "Provider", "ProfilePicURL")); diff != "" {
-					t.Errorf("TestSQLiteMigrationAndDataValidation() users mismatch (-want +got):\n%s", diff)
-				}
-
-				// Create maps for easier access in later validations
-				usersByName := make(map[string]*types.User)
-				for i := range users {
-					usersByName[users[i].Name] = &users[i]
-				}
-				user1 := usersByName["user1"]
-				user2 := usersByName["user2"]
-
-				// Verify nodes table data is preserved and routes migrated to approved_routes
 				nodes, err := Read(hsdb.DB, func(rx *gorm.DB) (types.Nodes, error) {
 					return ListNodes(rx)
 				})
 				require.NoError(t, err)
-				assert.Len(t, nodes, 3, "should preserve existing nodes")
+				require.Len(t, nodes, 7, "should have all 7 nodes")
 
-				// Validate specific node data from dump file
-				nodesByID := make(map[uint64]*types.Node)
-				for i := range nodes {
-					nodesByID[nodes[i].ID.Uint64()] = nodes[i]
-				}
-
-				node1 := nodesByID[1]
-				node2 := nodesByID[2]
-				node3 := nodesByID[3]
-				require.NotNil(t, node1, "node 1 should exist")
-				require.NotNil(t, node2, "node 2 should exist")
-				require.NotNil(t, node3, "node 3 should exist")
-
-				// Validate specific node field data using cmp.Diff
-				expectedNodes := map[uint64]struct {
-					Hostname  string
-					GivenName string
-					IPv4      string
-					IPv6      string
-					UserID    uint
-				}{
-					1: {Hostname: "node1", GivenName: "node1", IPv4: "100.64.0.1", IPv6: "fd7a:115c:a1e0::1", UserID: user2.ID},
-					2: {Hostname: "node2", GivenName: "node2", IPv4: "100.64.0.2", IPv6: "fd7a:115c:a1e0::2", UserID: user2.ID},
-					3: {Hostname: "node3", GivenName: "node3", IPv4: "100.64.0.3", IPv6: "fd7a:115c:a1e0::3", UserID: user1.ID},
-				}
-
-				for nodeID, expected := range expectedNodes {
-					node := nodesByID[nodeID]
-					require.NotNil(t, node, "node %d should exist", nodeID)
-
-					actual := struct {
-						Hostname  string
-						GivenName string
-						IPv4      string
-						IPv6      string
-						UserID    uint
-					}{
-						Hostname:  node.Hostname,
-						GivenName: node.GivenName,
-						IPv4:      node.IPv4.String(),
-						IPv6: func() string {
-							if node.IPv6 != nil {
-								return node.IPv6.String()
-							} else {
-								return ""
-							}
-						}(),
-						UserID: node.UserID,
+				// Helper to find node by hostname
+				findNode := func(hostname string) *types.Node {
+					for _, n := range nodes {
+						if n.Hostname == hostname {
+							return n
+						}
 					}
 
-					if diff := cmp.Diff(expected, actual); diff != "" {
-						t.Errorf("TestSQLiteMigrationAndDataValidation() node %d basic fields mismatch (-want +got):\n%s", nodeID, diff)
-					}
-
-					// Special validation for MachineKey content for node 1 only
-					if nodeID == 1 {
-						assert.Contains(t, node.MachineKey.String(), "mkey:1efe4388236c1c83fe0a19d3ce7c321ab81e138a4da57917c231ce4c01944409")
-					}
+					return nil
 				}
 
-				// Check that routes were migrated from routes table to node.approved_routes using cmp.Diff
-				// Original routes table had 4 routes for nodes 1, 2, 3:
-				// Node 1: 0.0.0.0/0 (enabled), ::/0 (enabled) -> should have 2 approved routes
-				// Node 2: 192.168.100.0/24 (enabled) -> should have 1 approved route
-				// Node 3: 10.0.0.0/8 (disabled) -> should have 0 approved routes
-				expectedRoutes := map[uint64][]netip.Prefix{
-					1: {netip.MustParsePrefix("0.0.0.0/0"), netip.MustParsePrefix("::/0")},
-					2: {netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.100.0/24")},
-					3: nil,
-				}
+				// Node 1: user1 has RequestTags for tag:server (authorized)
+				// Expected: tags = ["tag:server"]
+				node1 := findNode("node1")
+				require.NotNil(t, node1, "node1 should exist")
+				assert.Contains(t, node1.Tags, "tag:server", "node1 should have tag:server migrated from RequestTags")
 
-				actualRoutes := map[uint64][]netip.Prefix{
-					1: node1.ApprovedRoutes,
-					2: node2.ApprovedRoutes,
-					3: node3.ApprovedRoutes,
-				}
+				// Node 2: user1 has RequestTags for tag:unauthorized (NOT authorized)
+				// Expected: tags = [] (unchanged)
+				node2 := findNode("node2")
+				require.NotNil(t, node2, "node2 should exist")
+				assert.Empty(t, node2.Tags, "node2 should have empty tags (unauthorized tag rejected)")
 
-				if diff := cmp.Diff(expectedRoutes, actualRoutes, util.PrefixComparer); diff != "" {
-					t.Errorf("TestSQLiteMigrationAndDataValidation() routes migration mismatch (-want +got):\n%s", diff)
-				}
+				// Node 3: user2 has RequestTags for tag:client (authorized) + existing tag:existing
+				// Expected: tags = ["tag:client", "tag:existing"]
+				node3 := findNode("node3")
+				require.NotNil(t, node3, "node3 should exist")
+				assert.Contains(t, node3.Tags, "tag:client", "node3 should have tag:client migrated from RequestTags")
+				assert.Contains(t, node3.Tags, "tag:existing", "node3 should preserve existing tag")
 
-				// Verify pre_auth_keys data is preserved with specific key data
-				preAuthKeys, err := Read(hsdb.DB, func(rx *gorm.DB) ([]types.PreAuthKey, error) {
-					var keys []types.PreAuthKey
-					err := rx.Find(&keys).Error
-					return keys, err
-				})
-				require.NoError(t, err)
-				assert.Len(t, preAuthKeys, 2, "should preserve existing pre_auth_keys")
+				// Node 4: user1 has RequestTags for tag:server which already exists
+				// Expected: tags = ["tag:server"] (no duplicates)
+				node4 := findNode("node4")
+				require.NotNil(t, node4, "node4 should exist")
+				assert.Equal(t, []string{"tag:server"}, node4.Tags, "node4 should have tag:server without duplicates")
 
-				// Validate specific pre_auth_key data from dump file using cmp.Diff
-				expectedKeys := []types.PreAuthKey{
-					{
-						ID:       1,
-						Key:      "3d133ec953e31fd41edbd935371234f762b4bae300cea618",
-						UserID:   user2.ID,
-						Reusable: true,
-						Used:     true,
-					},
-					{
-						ID:       2,
-						Key:      "9813cc1df1832259fb6322dad788bb9bec89d8a01eef683a",
-						UserID:   user1.ID,
-						Reusable: true,
-						Used:     true,
-					},
-				}
+				// Node 5: user2 has no RequestTags
+				// Expected: tags = [] (unchanged)
+				node5 := findNode("node5")
+				require.NotNil(t, node5, "node5 should exist")
+				assert.Empty(t, node5.Tags, "node5 should have empty tags (no RequestTags)")
 
-				if diff := cmp.Diff(expectedKeys, preAuthKeys,
-					cmpopts.IgnoreFields(types.PreAuthKey{}, "User", "CreatedAt", "Expiration", "Ephemeral", "Tags")); diff != "" {
-					t.Errorf("TestSQLiteMigrationAndDataValidation() pre_auth_keys mismatch (-want +got):\n%s", diff)
-				}
+				// Node 6: admin1 has RequestTags for tag:admin (authorized via group:admins)
+				// Expected: tags = ["tag:admin"]
+				node6 := findNode("node6")
+				require.NotNil(t, node6, "node6 should exist")
+				assert.Contains(t, node6.Tags, "tag:admin", "node6 should have tag:admin migrated via group membership")
 
-				// Verify api_keys data is preserved with specific key data
-				var apiKeys []struct {
-					ID         uint64
-					Prefix     string
-					Hash       []byte
-					CreatedAt  string
-					Expiration string
-					LastSeen   string
-				}
-				err = hsdb.DB.Raw("SELECT id, prefix, hash, created_at, expiration, last_seen FROM api_keys").Scan(&apiKeys).Error
-				require.NoError(t, err)
-				assert.Len(t, apiKeys, 1, "should preserve existing api_keys")
-
-				// Validate specific api_key data from dump file using cmp.Diff
-				expectedAPIKey := struct {
-					ID     uint64
-					Prefix string
-					Hash   []byte
-				}{
-					ID:     1,
-					Prefix: "ak_test",
-					Hash:   []byte{0xde, 0xad, 0xbe, 0xef},
-				}
-
-				actualAPIKey := struct {
-					ID     uint64
-					Prefix string
-					Hash   []byte
-				}{
-					ID:     apiKeys[0].ID,
-					Prefix: apiKeys[0].Prefix,
-					Hash:   apiKeys[0].Hash,
-				}
-
-				if diff := cmp.Diff(expectedAPIKey, actualAPIKey); diff != "" {
-					t.Errorf("TestSQLiteMigrationAndDataValidation() api_key mismatch (-want +got):\n%s", diff)
-				}
-
-				// Validate date fields separately since they need Contains check
-				assert.Contains(t, apiKeys[0].CreatedAt, "2025-12-31", "created_at should be preserved")
-				assert.Contains(t, apiKeys[0].Expiration, "2025-06-18", "expiration should be preserved")
-
-				// Verify that routes table no longer exists (should have been dropped)
-				var routesTableExists bool
-				err = hsdb.DB.Raw("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM sqlite_master WHERE type='table' AND name='routes'").Row().Scan(&routesTableExists)
-				require.NoError(t, err)
-				assert.False(t, routesTableExists, "routes table should have been dropped")
-
-				// Verify all required indexes exist with correct structure using cmp.Diff
-				expectedIndexes := []string{
-					"idx_users_deleted_at",
-					"idx_provider_identifier",
-					"idx_name_provider_identifier",
-					"idx_name_no_provider_identifier",
-					"idx_api_keys_prefix",
-					"idx_policies_deleted_at",
-				}
-
-				expectedIndexMap := make(map[string]bool)
-				for _, index := range expectedIndexes {
-					expectedIndexMap[index] = true
-				}
-
-				actualIndexMap := make(map[string]bool)
-				for _, indexName := range expectedIndexes {
-					var indexExists bool
-					err = hsdb.DB.Raw("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM sqlite_master WHERE type='index' AND name=?", indexName).Row().Scan(&indexExists)
-					require.NoError(t, err)
-					actualIndexMap[indexName] = indexExists
-				}
-
-				if diff := cmp.Diff(expectedIndexMap, actualIndexMap); diff != "" {
-					t.Errorf("TestSQLiteMigrationAndDataValidation() indexes existence mismatch (-want +got):\n%s", diff)
-				}
-
-				// Verify proper foreign key constraints are set
-				// Check that pre_auth_keys has correct FK constraint (SET NULL, not CASCADE)
-				var preAuthKeyConstraint string
-				err = hsdb.DB.Raw("SELECT sql FROM sqlite_master WHERE type='table' AND name='pre_auth_keys'").Row().Scan(&preAuthKeyConstraint)
-				require.NoError(t, err)
-				assert.Contains(t, preAuthKeyConstraint, "ON DELETE SET NULL", "pre_auth_keys should have SET NULL constraint")
-				assert.NotContains(t, preAuthKeyConstraint, "ON DELETE CASCADE", "pre_auth_keys should not have CASCADE constraint")
-
-				// Verify that user unique constraints work properly
-				// Try to create duplicate local user (should fail)
-				err = hsdb.DB.Create(&types.User{Name: users[0].Name}).Error
-				require.Error(t, err, "should not allow duplicate local usernames")
-				assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "UNIQUE constraint", "should fail with unique constraint error")
+				// Node 7: user1 has RequestTags for tag:server (authorized) and tag:forbidden (unauthorized)
+				// Expected: tags = ["tag:server"] (only authorized tag)
+				node7 := findNode("node7")
+				require.NotNil(t, node7, "node7 should exist")
+				assert.Contains(t, node7.Tags, "tag:server", "node7 should have tag:server migrated")
+				assert.NotContains(t, node7.Tags, "tag:forbidden", "node7 should NOT have tag:forbidden (unauthorized)")
 			},
 		},
 	}
@@ -869,25 +308,7 @@ func TestPostgresMigrationAndDataValidation(t *testing.T) {
 		name     string
 		dbPath   string
 		wantFunc func(*testing.T, *HSDatabase)
-	}{
-		{
-			name:   "user-idx-breaking",
-			dbPath: "testdata/postgres/pre-24-postgresdb.pssql.dump",
-			wantFunc: func(t *testing.T, hsdb *HSDatabase) {
-				t.Helper()
-				users, err := Read(hsdb.DB, func(rx *gorm.DB) ([]types.User, error) {
-					return ListUsers(rx)
-				})
-				require.NoError(t, err)
-
-				for _, user := range users {
-					assert.NotEmpty(t, user.Name)
-					assert.Empty(t, user.ProfilePicURL)
-					assert.Empty(t, user.Email)
-				}
-			},
-		},
-	}
+	}{}
 
 	for _, tt := range tests {
 		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
@@ -911,7 +332,7 @@ func TestPostgresMigrationAndDataValidation(t *testing.T) {
 				t.Fatalf("failed to restore postgres database: %s", err)
 			}
 
-			db = newHeadscaleDBFromPostgresURL(t, u)
+			db := newHeadscaleDBFromPostgresURL(t, u)
 
 			if tt.wantFunc != nil {
 				tt.wantFunc(t, db)
@@ -944,13 +365,17 @@ func dbForTestWithPath(t *testing.T, sqlFilePath string) *HSDatabase {
 	}
 
 	db, err := NewHeadscaleDatabase(
-		types.DatabaseConfig{
-			Type: "sqlite3",
-			Sqlite: types.SqliteConfig{
-				Path: dbPath,
+		&types.Config{
+			Database: types.DatabaseConfig{
+				Type: "sqlite3",
+				Sqlite: types.SqliteConfig{
+					Path: dbPath,
+				},
+			},
+			Policy: types.PolicyConfig{
+				Mode: types.PolicyModeDB,
 			},
 		},
-		"",
 		emptyCache(),
 	)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -970,11 +395,10 @@ func dbForTestWithPath(t *testing.T, sqlFilePath string) *HSDatabase {
 // in the testdata directory. It verifies they can be successfully migrated to the current
 // schema version. This test only validates migration success, not data integrity.
 //
-// A lot of the schemas have been automatically generated with old Headscale binaries on empty databases
-// (no user/node data):
-// - `headscale_<VERSION>_schema.sql` (created with `sqlite3 headscale.db .schema`)
-// - `headscale_<VERSION>_dump.sql` (created with `sqlite3 headscale.db .dump`)
-// where `_dump.sql` contains the migration steps that have been applied to the database.
+// All test database files are SQL dumps (created with `sqlite3 headscale.db .dump`) generated
+// with old Headscale binaries on empty databases (no user/node data). These dumps include the
+// migration history in the `migrations` table, which allows the migration system to correctly
+// skip already-applied migrations and only run new ones.
 func TestSQLiteAllTestdataMigrations(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 	schemas, err := os.ReadDir("testdata/sqlite")
@@ -1000,13 +424,17 @@ func TestSQLiteAllTestdataMigrations(t *testing.T) {
 			require.NoError(t, err)
 
 			_, err = NewHeadscaleDatabase(
-				types.DatabaseConfig{
-					Type: "sqlite3",
-					Sqlite: types.SqliteConfig{
-						Path: dbPath,
+				&types.Config{
+					Database: types.DatabaseConfig{
+						Type: "sqlite3",
+						Sqlite: types.SqliteConfig{
+							Path: dbPath,
+						},
+					},
+					Policy: types.PolicyConfig{
+						Mode: types.PolicyModeDB,
 					},
 				},
-				"",
 				emptyCache(),
 			)
 			require.NoError(t, err)

hscontrol/db/ephemeral_garbage_collector_test.go

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 package db
 
 import (
-	"math/rand"
 	"runtime"
 	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
@@ -68,31 +68,18 @@ func TestEphemeralGarbageCollectorGoRoutineLeak(t *testing.T) {
 		gc.Cancel(nodeID)
 	}
 
-	// Create a channel to signal when we're done with cleanup checks
-	cleanupDone := make(chan struct{})
+	// Close GC
+	gc.Close()
 
-	// Close GC and check for leaks in a separate goroutine
-	go func() {
-		// Close GC
-		gc.Close()
-
-		// Give any potential leaked goroutines a chance to exit
-		// Still need a small sleep here as we're checking for absence of goroutines
-		time.Sleep(oneHundred)
-
-		// Check for leaked goroutines
+	// Wait for goroutines to clean up and verify no leaks
+	assert.EventuallyWithT(t, func(c *assert.CollectT) {
 		finalGoroutines := runtime.NumGoroutine()
-		t.Logf("Final number of goroutines: %d", finalGoroutines)
-
 		// NB: We have to allow for a small number of extra goroutines because of test itself
-		assert.LessOrEqual(t, finalGoroutines, initialGoroutines+5,
+		assert.LessOrEqual(c, finalGoroutines, initialGoroutines+5,
 			"There are significantly more goroutines after GC usage, which suggests a leak")
+	}, time.Second, 10*time.Millisecond, "goroutines should clean up after GC close")
 
-		close(cleanupDone)
-	}()
-
-	// Wait for cleanup to complete
-	<-cleanupDone
+	t.Logf("Final number of goroutines: %d", runtime.NumGoroutine())
 }
 
 // TestEphemeralGarbageCollectorReschedule is a test for the rescheduling of nodes in EphemeralGarbageCollector().
@@ -103,10 +90,14 @@ func TestEphemeralGarbageCollectorReschedule(t *testing.T) {
 	var deletedIDs []types.NodeID
 	var deleteMutex sync.Mutex
 
+	deletionNotifier := make(chan types.NodeID, 1)
+
 	deleteFunc := func(nodeID types.NodeID) {
 		deleteMutex.Lock()
 		deletedIDs = append(deletedIDs, nodeID)
 		deleteMutex.Unlock()
+
+		deletionNotifier <- nodeID
 	}
 
 	// Start GC
@@ -125,10 +116,15 @@ func TestEphemeralGarbageCollectorReschedule(t *testing.T) {
 	// Reschedule the same node with a shorter expiry
 	gc.Schedule(nodeID, shortExpiry)
 
-	// Wait for deletion
-	time.Sleep(shortExpiry * 2)
+	// Wait for deletion notification with timeout
+	select {
+	case deletedNodeID := <-deletionNotifier:
+		assert.Equal(t, nodeID, deletedNodeID, "The correct node should be deleted")
+	case <-time.After(time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("Timed out waiting for node deletion")
+	}
 
-	// Verify that the node was deleted once
+	// Verify that the node was deleted exactly once
 	deleteMutex.Lock()
 	assert.Len(t, deletedIDs, 1, "Node should be deleted exactly once")
 	assert.Equal(t, nodeID, deletedIDs[0], "The correct node should be deleted")
@@ -203,18 +199,24 @@ func TestEphemeralGarbageCollectorCloseBeforeTimerFires(t *testing.T) {
 	var deletedIDs []types.NodeID
 	var deleteMutex sync.Mutex
 
+	deletionNotifier := make(chan types.NodeID, 1)
+
 	deleteFunc := func(nodeID types.NodeID) {
 		deleteMutex.Lock()
 		deletedIDs = append(deletedIDs, nodeID)
 		deleteMutex.Unlock()
+
+		deletionNotifier <- nodeID
 	}
 
 	// Start the GC
 	gc := NewEphemeralGarbageCollector(deleteFunc)
 	go gc.Start()
 
-	const longExpiry = 1 * time.Hour
-	const shortExpiry = fifty
+	const (
+		longExpiry = 1 * time.Hour
+		shortWait  = fifty * 2
+	)
 
 	// Schedule node deletion with a long expiry
 	gc.Schedule(types.NodeID(1), longExpiry)
@@ -222,8 +224,13 @@ func TestEphemeralGarbageCollectorCloseBeforeTimerFires(t *testing.T) {
 	// Close the GC before the timer
 	gc.Close()
 
-	// Wait a short time
-	time.Sleep(shortExpiry * 2)
+	// Verify that no deletion occurred within a reasonable time
+	select {
+	case <-deletionNotifier:
+		t.Fatal("Node was deleted after GC was closed, which should not happen")
+	case <-time.After(shortWait):
+		// Expected: no deletion should occur
+	}
 
 	// Verify that no deletion occurred
 	deleteMutex.Lock()
@@ -265,29 +272,17 @@ func TestEphemeralGarbageCollectorScheduleAfterClose(t *testing.T) {
 	// Close GC right away
 	gc.Close()
 
-	// Use a channel to signal when we should check for goroutine count
-	gcClosedCheck := make(chan struct{})
-	go func() {
-		// Give the GC time to fully close and clean up resources
-		// This is still time-based but only affects when we check the goroutine count,
-		// not the actual test logic
-		time.Sleep(oneHundred)
-		close(gcClosedCheck)
-	}()
-
 	// Now try to schedule node for deletion with a very short expiry
 	// If the Schedule operation incorrectly creates a timer, it would fire quickly
 	nodeID := types.NodeID(1)
 	gc.Schedule(nodeID, 1*time.Millisecond)
 
-	// Set up a timeout channel for our test
-	timeout := time.After(fiveHundred)
-
 	// Check if any node was deleted (which shouldn't happen)
+	// Use timeout to wait for potential deletion
 	select {
 	case <-nodeDeleted:
 		t.Fatal("Node was deleted after GC was closed, which should not happen")
-	case <-timeout:
+	case <-time.After(fiveHundred):
 		// This is the expected path - no deletion should occur
 	}
 
@@ -298,13 +293,14 @@ func TestEphemeralGarbageCollectorScheduleAfterClose(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, 0, nodesDeleted, "No nodes should be deleted when Schedule is called after Close")
 
 	// Check for goroutine leaks after GC is fully closed
-	<-gcClosedCheck
-	finalGoroutines := runtime.NumGoroutine()
-	t.Logf("Final number of goroutines: %d", finalGoroutines)
+	assert.EventuallyWithT(t, func(c *assert.CollectT) {
+		finalGoroutines := runtime.NumGoroutine()
+		// Allow for small fluctuations in goroutine count for testing routines etc
+		assert.LessOrEqual(c, finalGoroutines, initialGoroutines+2,
+			"There should be no significant goroutine leaks when Schedule is called after Close")
+	}, time.Second, 10*time.Millisecond, "goroutines should clean up after GC close")
 
-	// Allow for small fluctuations in goroutine count for testing routines etc
-	assert.LessOrEqual(t, finalGoroutines, initialGoroutines+2,
-		"There should be no significant goroutine leaks when Schedule is called after Close")
+	t.Logf("Final number of goroutines: %d", runtime.NumGoroutine())
 }
 
 // TestEphemeralGarbageCollectorConcurrentScheduleAndClose tests the behavior of the garbage collector
@@ -331,7 +327,8 @@ func TestEphemeralGarbageCollectorConcurrentScheduleAndClose(t *testing.T) {
 	// Number of concurrent scheduling goroutines
 	const numSchedulers = 10
 	const nodesPerScheduler = 50
-	const schedulingDuration = fiveHundred
+
+	const closeAfterNodes = 25 // Close GC after this many nodes per scheduler
 
 	// Use WaitGroup to wait for all scheduling goroutines to finish
 	var wg sync.WaitGroup
@@ -340,6 +337,9 @@ func TestEphemeralGarbageCollectorConcurrentScheduleAndClose(t *testing.T) {
 	// Create a stopper channel to signal scheduling goroutines to stop
 	stopScheduling := make(chan struct{})
 
+	// Track how many nodes have been scheduled
+	var scheduledCount int64
+
 	// Launch goroutines that continuously schedule nodes
 	for schedulerIndex := range numSchedulers {
 		go func(schedulerID int) {
@@ -355,18 +355,23 @@ func TestEphemeralGarbageCollectorConcurrentScheduleAndClose(t *testing.T) {
 				default:
 					nodeID := types.NodeID(baseNodeID + j + 1)
 					gc.Schedule(nodeID, 1*time.Hour) // Long expiry to ensure it doesn't trigger during test
+					atomic.AddInt64(&scheduledCount, 1)
 
-					// Random (short) sleep to introduce randomness/variability
-					time.Sleep(time.Duration(rand.Intn(5)) * time.Millisecond)
+					// Yield to other goroutines to introduce variability
+					runtime.Gosched()
 				}
 			}
 		}(schedulerIndex)
 	}
 
-	// After a short delay, close the garbage collector while schedulers are still running
+	// Close the garbage collector after some nodes have been scheduled
 	go func() {
 		defer wg.Done()
-		time.Sleep(schedulingDuration / 2)
+
+		// Wait until enough nodes have been scheduled
+		for atomic.LoadInt64(&scheduledCount) < int64(numSchedulers*closeAfterNodes) {
+			runtime.Gosched()
+		}
 
 		// Close GC
 		gc.Close()
@@ -378,14 +383,13 @@ func TestEphemeralGarbageCollectorConcurrentScheduleAndClose(t *testing.T) {
 	// Wait for all goroutines to complete
 	wg.Wait()
 
-	// Wait a bit longer to allow any leaked goroutines to do their work
-	time.Sleep(oneHundred)
+	// Check for leaks using EventuallyWithT
+	assert.EventuallyWithT(t, func(c *assert.CollectT) {
+		finalGoroutines := runtime.NumGoroutine()
+		// Allow for a reasonable small variable routine count due to testing
+		assert.LessOrEqual(c, finalGoroutines, initialGoroutines+5,
+			"There should be no significant goroutine leaks during concurrent Schedule and Close operations")
+	}, time.Second, 10*time.Millisecond, "goroutines should clean up")
 
-	// Check for leaks
-	finalGoroutines := runtime.NumGoroutine()
-	t.Logf("Final number of goroutines: %d", finalGoroutines)
-
-	// Allow for a reasonable small variable routine count due to testing
-	assert.LessOrEqual(t, finalGoroutines, initialGoroutines+5,
-		"There should be no significant goroutine leaks during concurrent Schedule and Close operations")
+	t.Logf("Final number of goroutines: %d", runtime.NumGoroutine())
 }

hscontrol/db/ip.go

@@ -341,3 +341,12 @@ func (db *HSDatabase) BackfillNodeIPs(i *IPAllocator) ([]string, error) {
 
 	return ret, err
 }
+
+func (i *IPAllocator) FreeIPs(ips []netip.Addr) {
+	i.mu.Lock()
+	defer i.mu.Unlock()
+
+	for _, ip := range ips {
+		i.usedIPs.Remove(ip)
+	}
+}

hscontrol/db/ip_test.go

@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
-	"github.com/davecgh/go-spew/spew"
 	"github.com/google/go-cmp/cmp"
 	"github.com/google/go-cmp/cmp/cmpopts"
 	"github.com/juanfont/headscale/hscontrol/types"
@@ -96,7 +95,7 @@ func TestIPAllocatorSequential(t *testing.T) {
 				db.DB.Save(&user)
 
 				db.DB.Save(&types.Node{
-					User: user,
+					User: &user,
 					IPv4: nap("100.64.0.1"),
 					IPv6: nap("fd7a:115c:a1e0::1"),
 				})
@@ -124,7 +123,7 @@ func TestIPAllocatorSequential(t *testing.T) {
 				db.DB.Save(&user)
 
 				db.DB.Save(&types.Node{
-					User: user,
+					User: &user,
 					IPv4: nap("100.64.0.2"),
 					IPv6: nap("fd7a:115c:a1e0::2"),
 				})
@@ -159,8 +158,6 @@ func TestIPAllocatorSequential(t *testing.T) {
 				types.IPAllocationStrategySequential,
 			)
 
-			spew.Dump(alloc)
-
 			var got4s []netip.Addr
 			var got6s []netip.Addr
 
@@ -263,8 +260,6 @@ func TestIPAllocatorRandom(t *testing.T) {
 
 			alloc, _ := NewIPAllocator(db, tt.prefix4, tt.prefix6, types.IPAllocationStrategyRandom)
 
-			spew.Dump(alloc)
-
 			for range tt.getCount {
 				got4, got6, err := alloc.Next()
 				if err != nil {
@@ -314,7 +309,7 @@ func TestBackfillIPAddresses(t *testing.T) {
 				db.DB.Save(&user)
 
 				db.DB.Save(&types.Node{
-					User: user,
+					User: &user,
 					IPv4: nap("100.64.0.1"),
 				})
 
@@ -339,7 +334,7 @@ func TestBackfillIPAddresses(t *testing.T) {
 				db.DB.Save(&user)
 
 				db.DB.Save(&types.Node{
-					User: user,
+					User: &user,
 					IPv6: nap("fd7a:115c:a1e0::1"),
 				})
 
@@ -364,7 +359,7 @@ func TestBackfillIPAddresses(t *testing.T) {
 				db.DB.Save(&user)
 
 				db.DB.Save(&types.Node{
-					User: user,
+					User: &user,
 					IPv4: nap("100.64.0.1"),
 					IPv6: nap("fd7a:115c:a1e0::1"),
 				})
@@ -388,7 +383,7 @@ func TestBackfillIPAddresses(t *testing.T) {
 				db.DB.Save(&user)
 
 				db.DB.Save(&types.Node{
-					User: user,
+					User: &user,
 					IPv4: nap("100.64.0.1"),
 					IPv6: nap("fd7a:115c:a1e0::1"),
 				})
@@ -412,19 +407,19 @@ func TestBackfillIPAddresses(t *testing.T) {
 				db.DB.Save(&user)
 
 				db.DB.Save(&types.Node{
-					User: user,
+					User: &user,
 					IPv4: nap("100.64.0.1"),
 				})
 				db.DB.Save(&types.Node{
-					User: user,
+					User: &user,
 					IPv4: nap("100.64.0.2"),
 				})
 				db.DB.Save(&types.Node{
-					User: user,
+					User: &user,
 					IPv4: nap("100.64.0.3"),
 				})
 				db.DB.Save(&types.Node{
-					User: user,
+					User: &user,
 					IPv4: nap("100.64.0.4"),
 				})