diff --git a/js/test/Alert.js b/js/test/Alert.js
index 92fa1360..914b6199 100644
--- a/js/test/Alert.js
+++ b/js/test/Alert.js
@@ -11,12 +11,11 @@ describe('Alert', function () {
                 icon = icon.join('');
                 message = message.join('');
                 const expected = '<div id="status">' + message + '</div>';
-                $('body').html(
-                    '<div id="status"></div>'
-                );
+                document.body.innerHTML =
+                    '<div id="status"></div>';
                 PrivateBin.Alert.init();
                 PrivateBin.Alert.showStatus(message, icon);
-                const result = $('body').html();
+                const result = document.body.innerHTML;
                 return expected === result;
             }
         );
@@ -30,14 +29,13 @@ describe('Alert', function () {
                     'class="statusmessage alert alert-info"><span ' +
                     'class="glyphicon glyphicon-info-sign" ' +
                     'aria-hidden="true"></span> <span>' + message + '</span></div>';
-                $('body').html(
+                document.body.innerHTML =
                     '<div id="status" role="alert" class="statusmessage ' +
                     'alert alert-info hidden"><span class="glyphicon ' +
-                    'glyphicon-info-sign" aria-hidden="true"></span> </div>'
-                );
+                    'glyphicon-info-sign" aria-hidden="true"></span> </div>';
                 PrivateBin.Alert.init();
                 PrivateBin.Alert.showStatus(message);
-                const result = $('body').html();
+                const result = document.body.innerHTML;
                 return expected === result;
             }
         );
@@ -53,14 +51,13 @@ describe('Alert', function () {
                     'class="statusmessage alert alert-info"><span ' +
                     'class="glyphicon glyphicon-' + icon +
                     '" aria-hidden="true"></span> <span>' + message + '</span></div>';
-                $('body').html(
+                document.body.innerHTML =
                     '<div id="status" role="alert" class="statusmessage ' +
                     'alert alert-info hidden"><span class="glyphicon ' +
-                    'glyphicon-info-sign" aria-hidden="true"></span> </div>'
-                );
+                    'glyphicon-info-sign" aria-hidden="true"></span> </div>';
                 PrivateBin.Alert.init();
                 PrivateBin.Alert.showStatus(message, icon);
-                const result = $('body').html();
+                const result = document.body.innerHTML;
                 return expected === result;
             }
         );
@@ -75,12 +72,11 @@ describe('Alert', function () {
                 icon = icon.join('');
                 message = message.join('');
                 const expected = '<div id="errormessage">' + message + '</div>';
-                $('body').html(
-                    '<div id="errormessage"></div>'
-                );
+                document.body.innerHTML =
+                    '<div id="errormessage"></div>';
                 PrivateBin.Alert.init();
                 PrivateBin.Alert.showWarning(message, icon);
-                const result = $('body').html();
+                const result = document.body.innerHTML;
                 return expected === result;
             }
         );
@@ -95,14 +91,13 @@ describe('Alert', function () {
                     'class="statusmessage alert alert-danger"><span ' +
                     'class="glyphicon glyphicon-warning-sign" ' +
                     'aria-hidden="true"></span> <span>' + message + '</span></div>';
-                $('body').html(
+                document.body.innerHTML =
                     '<div id="errormessage" role="alert" class="statusmessage ' +
                     'alert alert-danger hidden"><span class="glyphicon ' +
-                    'glyphicon-alert" aria-hidden="true"></span> </div>'
-                );
+                    'glyphicon-alert" aria-hidden="true"></span> </div>';
                 PrivateBin.Alert.init();
                 PrivateBin.Alert.showWarning(message);
-                const result = $('body').html();
+                const result = document.body.innerHTML;
                 return expected === result;
             }
         );
@@ -118,14 +113,13 @@ describe('Alert', function () {
                     'class="statusmessage alert alert-danger"><span ' +
                     'class="glyphicon glyphicon-' + icon +
                     '" aria-hidden="true"></span> <span>' + message + '</span></div>';
-                $('body').html(
+                document.body.innerHTML =
                     '<div id="errormessage" role="alert" class="statusmessage ' +
                     'alert alert-danger hidden"><span class="glyphicon ' +
-                    'glyphicon-alert" aria-hidden="true"></span> </div>'
-                );
+                    'glyphicon-alert" aria-hidden="true"></span> </div>';
                 PrivateBin.Alert.init();
                 PrivateBin.Alert.showWarning(message, icon);
-                const result = $('body').html();
+                const result = document.body.innerHTML;
                 return expected === result;
             }
         );
@@ -140,12 +134,11 @@ describe('Alert', function () {
                 icon = icon.join('');
                 message = message.join('');
                 const expected = '<div id="errormessage">' + message + '</div>';
-                $('body').html(
-                    '<div id="errormessage"></div>'
-                );
+                document.body.innerHTML =
+                    '<div id="errormessage"></div>';
                 PrivateBin.Alert.init();
                 PrivateBin.Alert.showError(message, icon);
-                const result = $('body').html();
+                const result = document.body.innerHTML;
                 return expected === result;
             }
         );
@@ -160,14 +153,13 @@ describe('Alert', function () {
                     'class="statusmessage alert alert-danger"><span ' +
                     'class="glyphicon glyphicon-alert" ' +
                     'aria-hidden="true"></span> <span>' + message + '</span></div>';
-                $('body').html(
+                document.body.innerHTML =
                     '<div id="errormessage" role="alert" class="statusmessage ' +
                     'alert alert-danger hidden"><span class="glyphicon ' +
-                    'glyphicon-alert" aria-hidden="true"></span> </div>'
-                );
+                    'glyphicon-alert" aria-hidden="true"></span> </div>';
                 PrivateBin.Alert.init();
                 PrivateBin.Alert.showError(message);
-                const result = $('body').html();
+                const result = document.body.innerHTML;
                 return expected === result;
             }
         );
@@ -183,14 +175,13 @@ describe('Alert', function () {
                     'class="statusmessage alert alert-danger"><span ' +
                     'class="glyphicon glyphicon-' + icon +
                     '" aria-hidden="true"></span> <span>' + message + '</span></div>';
-                $('body').html(
+                document.body.innerHTML =
                     '<div id="errormessage" role="alert" class="statusmessage ' +
                     'alert alert-danger hidden"><span class="glyphicon ' +
-                    'glyphicon-alert" aria-hidden="true"></span> </div>'
-                );
+                    'glyphicon-alert" aria-hidden="true"></span> </div>';
                 PrivateBin.Alert.init();
                 PrivateBin.Alert.showError(message, icon);
-                const result = $('body').html();
+                const result = document.body.innerHTML;
                 return expected === result;
             }
         );
@@ -206,12 +197,11 @@ describe('Alert', function () {
                 message = message.join('');
                 string = string.join('');
                 const expected = '<div id="remainingtime" class="">' + string + message + number + '</div>';
-                $('body').html(
-                    '<div id="remainingtime" class="hidden"></div>'
-                );
+                document.body.innerHTML =
+                    '<div id="remainingtime" class="hidden"></div>';
                 PrivateBin.Alert.init();
                 PrivateBin.Alert.showRemaining(['%s' + message + '%d', string, number]);
-                const result = $('body').html();
+                const result = document.body.innerHTML;
                 return expected === result;
             }
         );
@@ -228,14 +218,13 @@ describe('Alert', function () {
                     'class="alert alert-info"><span ' +
                     'class="glyphicon glyphicon-fire" aria-hidden="true">' +
                     '</span> <span>' + string + message + number + '</span></div>';
-                $('body').html(
+                document.body.innerHTML =
                     '<div id="remainingtime" role="alert" class="hidden ' +
                     'alert alert-info"><span class="glyphicon ' +
-                    'glyphicon-fire" aria-hidden="true"></span> </div>'
-                );
+                    'glyphicon-fire" aria-hidden="true"></span> </div>';
                 PrivateBin.Alert.init();
                 PrivateBin.Alert.showRemaining(['%s' + message + '%d', string, number]);
-                const result = $('body').html();
+                const result = document.body.innerHTML;
                 return expected === result;
             }
         );
@@ -254,12 +243,11 @@ describe('Alert', function () {
                     message = defaultMessage;
                 }
                 const expected = '<div id="loadingindicator" class="">' + message + '</div>';
-                $('body').html(
-                    '<div id="loadingindicator" class="hidden">' + defaultMessage + '</div>'
-                );
+                document.body.innerHTML =
+                    '<div id="loadingindicator" class="hidden">' + defaultMessage + '</div>';
                 PrivateBin.Alert.init();
                 PrivateBin.Alert.showLoading(message, icon);
-                const result = $('body').html();
+                const result = document.body.innerHTML;
                 return expected === result;
             }
         );
@@ -279,15 +267,14 @@ describe('Alert', function () {
                     'id="loadingindicator" class="navbar-text"><span ' +
                     'class="glyphicon glyphicon-' + icon +
                     '" aria-hidden="true"></span> <span>' + message + '</span></li></ul>';
-                $('body').html(
+                document.body.innerHTML =
                     '<ul class="nav navbar-nav"><li id="loadingindicator" ' +
                     'class="navbar-text hidden"><span class="glyphicon ' +
                     'glyphicon-time" aria-hidden="true"></span> ' +
-                    defaultMessage + '</li></ul>'
-                );
+                    defaultMessage + '</li></ul>';
                 PrivateBin.Alert.init();
                 PrivateBin.Alert.showLoading(message, icon);
-                const result = $('body').html();
+                const result = document.body.innerHTML;
                 return expected === result;
             }
         );
@@ -297,17 +284,16 @@ describe('Alert', function () {
         it(
             'hides the loading message',
             function() {
-                $('body').html(
+                document.body.innerHTML =
                     '<ul class="nav navbar-nav"><li id="loadingindicator" ' +
                     'class="navbar-text"><span class="glyphicon ' +
                     'glyphicon-time" aria-hidden="true"></span> ' +
-                    'Loading…</li></ul>'
-                );
-                $('body').addClass('loading');
+                    'Loading…</li></ul>';
+                document.body.classList.add('loading');
                 PrivateBin.Alert.init();
                 PrivateBin.Alert.hideLoading();
-                assert.ok(!$('body').hasClass('loading'));
-                assert.ok($('#loadingindicator').hasClass('hidden'));
+                assert.ok(!document.body.classList.contains('loading'));
+                assert.ok(document.getElementById('loadingindicator').classList.contains('hidden'));
             }
         );
     });
@@ -316,18 +302,17 @@ describe('Alert', function () {
         it(
             'hides all messages',
             function() {
-                $('body').html(
+                document.body.innerHTML =
                     '<div id="status" role="alert" class="statusmessage ' +
                     'alert alert-info"><span class="glyphicon ' +
                     'glyphicon-info-sign" aria-hidden="true"></span> </div>' +
                     '<div id="errormessage" role="alert" class="statusmessage ' +
                     'alert alert-danger"><span class="glyphicon ' +
-                    'glyphicon-alert" aria-hidden="true"></span> </div>'
-                );
+                    'glyphicon-alert" aria-hidden="true"></span> </div>';
                 PrivateBin.Alert.init();
                 PrivateBin.Alert.hideMessages();
-                assert.ok($('#status').hasClass('hidden'));
-                assert.ok($('#errormessage').hasClass('hidden'));
+                assert.ok(document.getElementById('status').classList.contains('hidden'));
+                assert.ok(document.getElementById('errormessage').classList.contains('hidden'));
             }
         );
     });
@@ -350,7 +335,7 @@ describe('Alert', function () {
                 if (message.length === 0) {
                     message = defaultMessage;
                 }
-                $('body').html(
+                document.body.innerHTML =
                     '<ul class="nav navbar-nav"><li id="loadingindicator" ' +
                     'class="navbar-text hidden"><span class="glyphicon ' +
                     'glyphicon-time" aria-hidden="true"></span> ' +
@@ -363,12 +348,11 @@ describe('Alert', function () {
                     'glyphicon-info-sign" aria-hidden="true"></span> </div>' +
                     '<div id="errormessage" role="alert" class="statusmessage ' +
                     'alert alert-danger"><span class="glyphicon ' +
-                    'glyphicon-alert" aria-hidden="true"></span> </div>'
-                );
+                    'glyphicon-alert" aria-hidden="true"></span> </div>';
                 PrivateBin.Alert.init();
-                PrivateBin.Alert.setCustomHandler(function(id, $element) {
+                PrivateBin.Alert.setCustomHandler(function(id, element) {
                     handlerCalled = true;
-                    return jsc.random(0, 1) ? true : $element;
+                    return jsc.random(0, 1) ? true : element;
                 });
                 functions[trigger](message);
                 PrivateBin.Alert.setCustomHandler(null);
diff --git a/js/test/AttachmentViewer.js b/js/test/AttachmentViewer.js
index 37d9a873..3d1dae2c 100644
--- a/js/test/AttachmentViewer.js
+++ b/js/test/AttachmentViewer.js
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ describe('AttachmentViewer', function () {
                 }
                 prefix  = prefix.replace(/%(s|d)/g, '%%');
                 postfix = postfix.replace(/%(s|d)/g, '%%').replace(/<|>/g, '');
-                $('body').html(
+                document.body.innerHTML = (
                     '<div id="attachmentPreview" class="col-md-12 text-center hidden"></div>' +
                     '<div id="attachment" class="hidden"></div>' +
                     '<div id="templates">' +
@@ -55,10 +55,10 @@ describe('AttachmentViewer', function () {
                 PrivateBin.Model.init();
                 results.push(
                     !PrivateBin.AttachmentViewer.hasAttachment() &&
-                    $('#attachment').hasClass('hidden') &&
-                    $('#attachment').children().length === 0 &&
-                    $('#attachmenttemplate').hasClass('hidden') &&
-                    $('#attachmentPreview').hasClass('hidden')
+                    document.getElementById('attachment').classList.contains('hidden') &&
+                    document.getElementById('attachment').children.length === 0 &&
+                    document.getElementById('attachmenttemplate').classList.contains('hidden') &&
+                    document.getElementById('attachmentPreview').classList.contains('hidden')
                 );
                 global.atob = common.atob;
                 if (filename.length) {
@@ -71,37 +71,39 @@ describe('AttachmentViewer', function () {
                 const attachment = PrivateBin.AttachmentViewer.getAttachments();
                 results.push(
                     PrivateBin.AttachmentViewer.hasAttachment() &&
-                    $('#attachment').hasClass('hidden') &&
-                    $('#attachment').children().length > 0 &&
-                    $('#attachmentPreview').hasClass('hidden') &&
+                    document.getElementById('attachment').classList.contains('hidden') &&
+                    document.getElementById('attachment').children.length > 0 &&
+                    document.getElementById('attachmentPreview').classList.contains('hidden') &&
                     attachment[0][0] === data &&
                     attachment[0][1] === filename
                 );
                 PrivateBin.AttachmentViewer.showAttachment();
                 results.push(
-                    !$('#attachment').hasClass('hidden') &&
-                    $('#attachment').children().length > 0 &&
-                    (previewSupported ? !$('#attachmentPreview').hasClass('hidden') : $('#attachmentPreview').hasClass('hidden'))
+                    !document.getElementById('attachment').classList.contains('hidden') &&
+                    document.getElementById('attachment').children.length > 0 &&
+                    (previewSupported ? !document.getElementById('attachmentPreview').classList.contains('hidden') : document.getElementById('attachmentPreview').classList.contains('hidden'))
                 );
                 PrivateBin.AttachmentViewer.hideAttachment();
                 results.push(
-                    $('#attachment').hasClass('hidden') &&
-                    (previewSupported ? !$('#attachmentPreview').hasClass('hidden') : $('#attachmentPreview').hasClass('hidden'))
+                    document.getElementById('attachment').classList.contains('hidden') &&
+                    (previewSupported ? !document.getElementById('attachmentPreview').classList.contains('hidden') : document.getElementById('attachmentPreview').classList.contains('hidden'))
                 );
                 if (previewSupported) {
                     PrivateBin.AttachmentViewer.hideAttachmentPreview();
-                    results.push($('#attachmentPreview').hasClass('hidden'));
+                    results.push(document.getElementById('attachmentPreview').classList.contains('hidden'));
                 }
                 PrivateBin.AttachmentViewer.showAttachment();
                 results.push(
-                    !$('#attachment').hasClass('hidden') &&
-                    (previewSupported ? !$('#attachmentPreview').hasClass('hidden') : $('#attachmentPreview').hasClass('hidden'))
+                    !document.getElementById('attachment').classList.contains('hidden') &&
+                    (previewSupported ? !document.getElementById('attachmentPreview').classList.contains('hidden') : document.getElementById('attachmentPreview').classList.contains('hidden'))
                 );
-                let element = $('<div>');
-                PrivateBin.AttachmentViewer.moveAttachmentTo(element[0], attachment[0], prefix + '%s' + postfix);
+                let element = document.createElement('div');
+                PrivateBin.AttachmentViewer.moveAttachmentTo(element, attachment[0], prefix + '%s' + postfix);
                 // messageIDs with links get a relaxed treatment
                 if (prefix.indexOf('<a') === -1 && postfix.indexOf('<a') === -1) {
-                    result = $('<textarea>').text((prefix + filename + postfix)).text();
+                    const tempTA = document.createElement('textarea');
+                    tempTA.textContent = (prefix + filename + postfix);
+                    result = tempTA.textContent;
                 } else {
                     result = DOMPurify.sanitize(
                         prefix + PrivateBin.Helper.htmlEntities(filename) + postfix, {
@@ -112,18 +114,18 @@ describe('AttachmentViewer', function () {
                 }
                 if (filename.length) {
                     results.push(
-                        element.find('a')[0].href === data &&
-                        element.find('a')[0].getAttribute('download') === filename &&
-                        element.find('a')[0].text === result
+                        element.querySelector('a').href === data &&
+                        element.querySelector('a').getAttribute('download') === filename &&
+                        element.querySelector('a').textContent === result
                     );
                 } else {
-                    results.push(element.find('a')[0].href === data);
+                    results.push(element.querySelector('a').href === data);
                 }
                 PrivateBin.AttachmentViewer.removeAttachment();
                 results.push(
-                    $('#attachment').hasClass('hidden') &&
-                    $('#attachment').children().length === 0 &&
-                    $('#attachmentPreview').hasClass('hidden')
+                    document.getElementById('attachment').classList.contains('hidden') &&
+                    document.getElementById('attachment').children.length === 0 &&
+                    document.getElementById('attachmentPreview').classList.contains('hidden')
                 );
                 clean();
                 return results.every(element => element);
@@ -134,7 +136,7 @@ describe('AttachmentViewer', function () {
             'sanitizes file names in attachments',
             function() {
                 const clean = globalThis.cleanup();
-                $('body').html(
+                document.body.innerHTML = (
                     '<div id="attachmentPreview" class="col-md-12 text-center hidden"></div>' +
                     '<div id="attachment" class="hidden"></div>' +
                     '<div id="templates">' +
@@ -164,7 +166,7 @@ describe('AttachmentViewer', function () {
                 ];
                 for (const filename of maliciousFileNames) {
                     PrivateBin.AttachmentViewer.setAttachment('data:;base64,', filename);
-                    assert.ok(!$('body').html().includes(filename));
+                    assert.ok(!document.body.innerHTML.includes(filename));
                 }
                 clean();
             }
diff --git a/js/test/CopyToClipboard.js b/js/test/CopyToClipboard.js
index e91ad50c..d16ec267 100644
--- a/js/test/CopyToClipboard.js
+++ b/js/test/CopyToClipboard.js
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ describe('CopyToClipboard', function() {
                 var clean = globalThis.cleanup();
                 common.enableClipboard();
 
-                $('body').html(
+                document.body.innerHTML = (
                     '<div id="placeholder" class="hidden">+++ no document text ' +
                     '+++</div><div id="prettymessage" class="hidden">' +
                     '<button type="button" id="prettyMessageCopyBtn"><svg id="copyIcon"></svg>' +
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ describe('CopyToClipboard', function() {
 
                 PrivateBin.CopyToClipboard.init();
 
-                $('#prettyMessageCopyBtn').trigger('click');
+                document.getElementById('prettyMessageCopyBtn').click();
 
                 const savedToClipboardText = await navigator.clipboard.readText();
 
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ describe('CopyToClipboard', function() {
                 var clean = globalThis.cleanup();
                 common.enableClipboard();
 
-                $('body').html(
+                document.body.innerHTML = (
                     '<div id="placeholder">+++ no document text ' +
                     '+++</div><div id="prettymessage" class="hidden">' +
                     '<button type="button" id="prettyMessageCopyBtn"><svg id="copyIcon"></svg>' +
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ describe('CopyToClipboard', function() {
 
                 PrivateBin.CopyToClipboard.init();
 
-                $('body').trigger('copy');
+                document.body.dispatchEvent(new Event('copy'));
 
                 const copiedTextWithoutSelectedText = await navigator.clipboard.readText();
 
@@ -83,12 +83,12 @@ describe('CopyToClipboard', function() {
             var clean = globalThis.cleanup();
             common.enableClipboard();
 
-            $('body').html('<button id="copyLink"></button>');
+            document.body.innerHTML = '<button id="copyLink"></button>';
 
             PrivateBin.CopyToClipboard.init();
             PrivateBin.CopyToClipboard.setUrl(text);
 
-            $('#copyLink').trigger('click');
+            document.getElementById('copyLink').click();
 
             const copiedText = await navigator.clipboard.readText();
 
@@ -105,12 +105,12 @@ describe('CopyToClipboard', function() {
             function (text) {
                 var clean = globalThis.cleanup();
 
-                $('body').html('<small id="copyShortcutHintText"></small>');
+                document.body.innerHTML = '<small id="copyShortcutHintText"></small>';
 
                 PrivateBin.CopyToClipboard.init();
                 PrivateBin.CopyToClipboard.showKeyboardShortcutHint();
 
-                const keyboardShortcutHint = $('#copyShortcutHintText').text();
+                const keyboardShortcutHint = document.getElementById('copyShortcutHintText').textContent;
 
                 clean();
 
@@ -123,12 +123,12 @@ describe('CopyToClipboard', function() {
             function (text) {
                 var clean = globalThis.cleanup();
 
-                $('body').html('<small id="copyShortcutHintText">' + text + '</small>');
+                document.body.innerHTML = '<small id="copyShortcutHintText">' + text + '</small>';
 
                 PrivateBin.CopyToClipboard.init();
                 PrivateBin.CopyToClipboard.hideKeyboardShortcutHint();
 
-                const keyboardShortcutHint = $('#copyShortcutHintText').text();
+                const keyboardShortcutHint = document.getElementById('copyShortcutHintText').textContent;
 
                 clean();
 
diff --git a/js/test/DiscussionViewer.js b/js/test/DiscussionViewer.js
index a44b7cac..5152f7f5 100644
--- a/js/test/DiscussionViewer.js
+++ b/js/test/DiscussionViewer.js
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ describe('DiscussionViewer', function () {
             function (comments, commentKey, fadeOut, nickname, message, alertType, alert) {
                 var clean = globalThis.cleanup(),
                     results = [];
-                $('body').html(
+                document.body.innerHTML = (
                     '<div id="discussion"><h4>Discussion</h4>' +
                     '<div id="commentcontainer"></div></div><div id="templates">' +
                     '<article id="commenttemplate" class="comment">' +
@@ -51,11 +51,11 @@ describe('DiscussionViewer', function () {
                 PrivateBin.Model.init();
                 PrivateBin.DiscussionViewer.init();
                 results.push(
-                    !$('#discussion').hasClass('hidden')
+                    !document.getElementById('discussion').classList.contains('hidden')
                 );
                 PrivateBin.DiscussionViewer.prepareNewDiscussion();
                 results.push(
-                    $('#discussion').hasClass('hidden')
+                    document.getElementById('discussion').classList.contains('hidden')
                 );
                 comments.forEach(function (comment) {
                     comment.id = comment.idArray.join('');
@@ -63,12 +63,12 @@ describe('DiscussionViewer', function () {
                     PrivateBin.DiscussionViewer.addComment(PrivateBin.Helper.CommentFactory(comment), comment.data, comment.meta.nickname);
                 });
                 results.push(
-                    $('#discussion').hasClass('hidden')
+                    document.getElementById('discussion').classList.contains('hidden')
                 );
                 PrivateBin.DiscussionViewer.finishDiscussion();
                 results.push(
-                    !$('#discussion').hasClass('hidden') &&
-                    comments.length + 1 >= $('#commentcontainer').children().length
+                    !document.getElementById('discussion').classList.contains('hidden') &&
+                    comments.length + 1 >= document.getElementById('commentcontainer').children.length
                 );
                 if (comments.length > 0) {
                     if (commentKey >= comments.length) {
@@ -76,19 +76,19 @@ describe('DiscussionViewer', function () {
                     }
                     PrivateBin.DiscussionViewer.highlightComment(comments[commentKey].id, fadeOut);
                     results.push(
-                        $('#comment_' + comments[commentKey].id).hasClass('highlight')
+                        document.getElementById('comment_' + comments[commentKey].id).classList.contains('highlight')
                     );
                 }
-                $('#commentcontainer').find('button')[0].click();
+                document.getElementById('commentcontainer').querySelector('button').click();
                 results.push(
-                    !$('#reply').hasClass('hidden')
+                    !document.getElementById('reply').classList.contains('hidden')
                 );
-                $('#reply #nickname').val(nickname);
-                $('#reply #replymessage').val(message);
+                document.querySelector('#reply #nickname').value = nickname;
+                document.querySelector('#reply #replymessage').value = message;
                 PrivateBin.DiscussionViewer.getReplyCommentId();
                 results.push(
-                    PrivateBin.DiscussionViewer.getReplyNickname() === $('#reply #nickname').val() &&
-                    PrivateBin.DiscussionViewer.getReplyMessage() === $('#reply #replymessage').val()
+                    PrivateBin.DiscussionViewer.getReplyNickname() === document.querySelector('#reply #nickname').value &&
+                    PrivateBin.DiscussionViewer.getReplyMessage() === document.querySelector('#reply #replymessage').value
                 );
                 var notificationResult = PrivateBin.DiscussionViewer.handleNotification(alertType === 'other' ? alert : alertType);
                 if (alertType === 'loading') {
@@ -96,11 +96,11 @@ describe('DiscussionViewer', function () {
                 } else {
                     results.push(
                         alertType === 'danger' ? (
-                            notificationResult.hasClass('alert-danger') &&
-                            !notificationResult.hasClass('alert-info')
+                            notificationResult.classList.contains('alert-danger') &&
+                            !notificationResult.classList.contains('alert-info')
                         ) : (
-                            !notificationResult.hasClass('alert-danger') &&
-                            notificationResult.hasClass('alert-info')
+                            !notificationResult.classList.contains('alert-danger') &&
+                            notificationResult.classList.contains('alert-info')
                         )
                     );
                 }
diff --git a/js/test/Editor.js b/js/test/Editor.js
index fd38eb7c..1ccd7586 100644
--- a/js/test/Editor.js
+++ b/js/test/Editor.js
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ describe('Editor', function () {
             function (text) {
                 var clean = globalThis.cleanup(),
                     results = [];
-                $('body').html(
+                document.body.innerHTML = (
                     '<ul id="editorTabs" class="nav nav-tabs hidden"><li ' +
                     'role="presentation" class="active"><a id="messageedit" ' +
                     'href="#">Editor</a></li><li role="presentation"><a ' +
@@ -25,18 +25,18 @@ describe('Editor', function () {
                 );
                 PrivateBin.Editor.init();
                 results.push(
-                    $('#editorTabs').hasClass('hidden') &&
-                    $('#message').hasClass('hidden')
+                    document.getElementById('editorTabs').classList.contains('hidden') &&
+                    document.getElementById('message').classList.contains('hidden')
                 );
                 PrivateBin.Editor.show();
                 results.push(
-                    !$('#editorTabs').hasClass('hidden') &&
-                    !$('#message').hasClass('hidden')
+                    !document.getElementById('editorTabs').classList.contains('hidden') &&
+                    !document.getElementById('message').classList.contains('hidden')
                 );
                 PrivateBin.Editor.hide();
                 results.push(
-                    $('#editorTabs').hasClass('hidden') &&
-                    $('#message').hasClass('hidden')
+                    document.getElementById('editorTabs').classList.contains('hidden') &&
+                    document.getElementById('message').classList.contains('hidden')
                 );
                 PrivateBin.Editor.show();
                 PrivateBin.Editor.focusInput();
@@ -45,22 +45,22 @@ describe('Editor', function () {
                 );
                 PrivateBin.Editor.setText(text);
                 results.push(
-                    PrivateBin.Editor.getText() === $('#message').val()
+                    PrivateBin.Editor.getText() === document.getElementById('message').value
                 );
                 PrivateBin.Editor.setText();
                 results.push(
                     !PrivateBin.Editor.isPreview() &&
-                    !$('#message').hasClass('hidden')
+                    !document.getElementById('message').classList.contains('hidden')
                 );
-                $('#messagepreview').trigger('click');
+                document.getElementById('messagepreview').click();
                 results.push(
                     PrivateBin.Editor.isPreview() &&
-                    $('#message').hasClass('hidden')
+                    document.getElementById('message').classList.contains('hidden')
                 );
-                $('#messageedit').trigger('click');
+                document.getElementById('messageedit').click();
                 results.push(
                     !PrivateBin.Editor.isPreview() &&
-                    !$('#message').hasClass('hidden')
+                    !document.getElementById('message').classList.contains('hidden')
                 );
                 clean();
                 return results.every(element => element);
diff --git a/js/test/Helper.js b/js/test/Helper.js
index 4737bb4b..f35e31c4 100644
--- a/js/test/Helper.js
+++ b/js/test/Helper.js
@@ -73,6 +73,12 @@ describe('Helper', function () {
     });
 
     describe('urls2links', function () {
+        function getTextAsRenderedHtml(stringContent) {
+            const tempDiv = document.createElement('div');
+            tempDiv.textContent = stringContent;
+            return tempDiv.innerHTML;
+        }
+
         this.timeout(30000);
         before(function () {
             cleanup = globalThis.cleanup();
@@ -85,11 +91,11 @@ describe('Helper', function () {
                 // eslint-disable-next-line no-control-regex
                 content = content.replace(/\r|\f/g, '\n').replace(/\u0000|\u000b/g, '');
                 let clean = globalThis.cleanup();
-                $('body').html('<div id="foo"></div>');
-                let e = $('#foo');
-                e.text(content);
-                PrivateBin.Helper.urls2links(e[0]);
-                let result = e.text();
+                document.body.innerHTML = '<div id="foo"></div>';
+                let e = document.getElementById('foo');
+                e.textContent = content;
+                PrivateBin.Helper.urls2links(e);
+                let result = e.textContent;
                 clean();
                 return content === result;
             }
@@ -108,8 +114,8 @@ describe('Helper', function () {
                 url.fragment = fragment.join('');
                 let urlString = common.urlToString(url),
                     clean = globalThis.cleanup();
-                $('body').html('<div id="foo"></div>');
-                let e = $('#foo');
+                document.body.innerHTML = '<div id="foo"></div>';
+                let e = document.getElementById('foo');
 
                 // special cases: When the query string and fragment imply the beginning of an HTML entity, eg. &#0 or &#x
                 if (
@@ -120,12 +126,14 @@ describe('Helper', function () {
                     urlString = common.urlToString(url);
                     postfix = '';
                 }
-                e.text(prefix + urlString + postfix);
-                PrivateBin.Helper.urls2links(e[0]);
-                let result = e.html();
+                e.textContent = prefix + urlString + postfix;
+                PrivateBin.Helper.urls2links(e);
+
+                let result = e.innerHTML;
                 clean();
-                urlString = $('<div />').text(urlString).html();
-                const expected = $('<div />').text(prefix).html() + '<a href="' + urlString + '" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer">' + urlString + '</a>' + $('<div />').text(postfix).html();
+
+                urlString = getTextAsRenderedHtml(urlString);
+                const expected = getTextAsRenderedHtml(prefix) + '<a href="' + urlString + '" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer">' + urlString + '</a>' + getTextAsRenderedHtml(postfix);
                 return expected === result;
             }
         );
@@ -141,14 +149,14 @@ describe('Helper', function () {
                 postfix = ' ' + postfix.replace(/\r/g, '\n').replace(/\u0000/g, '');
                 let url  = 'magnet:?' + query.join('').replace(/^&+|&+$/gm, ''),
                     clean = globalThis.cleanup();
-                $('body').html('<div id="foo"></div>');
-                let e = $('#foo');
-                e.text(prefix + url + postfix);
-                PrivateBin.Helper.urls2links(e[0]);
-                let result = e.html();
+                document.body.innerHTML = '<div id="foo"></div>';
+                let e = document.getElementById('foo');
+                e.textContent = prefix + url + postfix;
+                PrivateBin.Helper.urls2links(e);
+                let result = e.innerHTML;
                 clean();
-                url = $('<div />').text(url).html();
-                return $('<div />').text(prefix).html() + '<a href="' + url + '" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer">' + url + '</a>' + $('<div />').text(postfix).html() === result;
+                url = getTextAsRenderedHtml(url);
+                return getTextAsRenderedHtml(prefix) + '<a href="' + url + '" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer">' + url + '</a>' + getTextAsRenderedHtml(postfix) === result;
             }
         );
     });
diff --git a/js/test/I18n.js b/js/test/I18n.js
index af7fad23..6e007230 100644
--- a/js/test/I18n.js
+++ b/js/test/I18n.js
@@ -99,21 +99,24 @@ describe('I18n', function () {
                 prefix    =    prefix.replace(/%(s|d)/g, '%%').replace(/<a/g, '');
                 params[0] = params[0].replace(/%(s|d)/g, '%%');
                 postfix   =   postfix.replace(/%(s|d)/g, '%%').replace(/<a/g, '');
-                const translation = $('<textarea>').text((prefix + params[0] + postfix)).text();
+                const tempDiv = document.createElement('textarea');
+                tempDiv.textContent = (prefix + params[0] + postfix);
+                const translation = tempDiv.textContent;
                 let args = Array.prototype.slice.call(params);
                 args.unshift(prefix + '%s' + postfix);
                 let clean = globalThis.cleanup();
-                $('body').html('<div id="i18n"></div>');
-                args.unshift($('#i18n'));
+                document.body.innerHTML = '<div id="i18n"></div>';
+                const i18nElement = document.getElementById('i18n');
+                args.unshift(i18nElement);
                 PrivateBin.I18n.translate.apply(this, args);
-                const result = $('#i18n').text();
+                const result = i18nElement.textContent;
                 PrivateBin.I18n.reset();
                 clean();
                 clean = globalThis.cleanup();
-                $('body').html('<div id="i18n"></div>');
-                args[0] = $('#i18n');
+                document.body.innerHTML = '<div id="i18n"></div>';
+                args[0] = document.getElementById('i18n');
                 PrivateBin.I18n._.apply(this, args);
-                const alias = $('#i18n').text();
+                const alias = document.getElementById('i18n').textContent;
                 PrivateBin.I18n.reset();
                 clean();
                 return translation === result && translation === alias;
@@ -138,17 +141,18 @@ describe('I18n', function () {
                 let args = Array.prototype.slice.call(params);
                 args.unshift(prefix + '<a href="%s"></a>' + postfix);
                 let clean = globalThis.cleanup();
-                $('body').html('<div id="i18n"></div>');
-                args.unshift($('#i18n'));
+                document.body.innerHTML = '<div id="i18n"></div>';
+                const i18nElement2 = document.getElementById('i18n');
+                args.unshift(i18nElement2);
                 PrivateBin.I18n.translate.apply(this, args);
-                const result = $('#i18n').html();
+                const result = i18nElement2.innerHTML;
                 PrivateBin.I18n.reset();
                 clean();
                 clean = globalThis.cleanup();
-                $('body').html('<div id="i18n"></div>');
-                args[0] = $('#i18n');
+                document.body.innerHTML = '<div id="i18n"></div>';
+                args[0] = document.getElementById('i18n');
                 PrivateBin.I18n._.apply(this, args);
-                const alias = $('#i18n').html();
+                const alias = document.getElementById('i18n').innerHTML;
                 PrivateBin.I18n.reset();
                 clean();
                 return translation === result && translation === alias;
diff --git a/js/test/Model.js b/js/test/Model.js
index e33fe467..1da6d1e5 100644
--- a/js/test/Model.js
+++ b/js/test/Model.js
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ describe('Model', function () {
                     contents += '>' + value + '</option>';
                 });
                 contents += '</select>';
-                $('body').html(contents);
+                document.body.innerHTML = contents;
                 var result = PrivateBin.Helper.htmlEntities(
                     PrivateBin.Model.getExpirationDefault()
                 );
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ describe('Model', function () {
                     contents += '>' + value + '</option>';
                 });
                 contents += '</select>';
-                $('body').html(contents);
+                document.body.innerHTML = contents;
                 var result = PrivateBin.Helper.htmlEntities(
                     PrivateBin.Model.getFormatDefault()
                 );
@@ -226,14 +226,17 @@ describe('Model', function () {
                     element = 'p';
                 }
 
-                $('body').html(
+                document.body.innerHTML = (
                     '<div id="templates"><' + element + ' id="' + id +
                     'template">' + value + '</' + element + '></div>'
                 );
                 PrivateBin.Model.init();
                 var template = '<' + element + ' id="' + id + '">' + value +
                     '</' + element + '>',
-                    result = PrivateBin.Model.getTemplate(id).wrap('<p/>').parent().html();
+                    templateEl = PrivateBin.Model.getTemplate(id),
+                    wrapper = document.createElement('p');
+                wrapper.appendChild(templateEl.cloneNode(true));
+                var result = wrapper.innerHTML;
                 PrivateBin.Model.reset();
                 return template === result;
             }
diff --git a/js/test/PasteStatus.js b/js/test/PasteStatus.js
index 1b830abc..64c0f84a 100644
--- a/js/test/PasteStatus.js
+++ b/js/test/PasteStatus.js
@@ -24,13 +24,13 @@ describe('PasteStatus', function () {
 
         it('creates a notification after a successful document upload', function () {
             cleanup();
-            $('body').html('<a href="#" id="deletelink"><span></span></a><div id="pastelink"></div>');
+            document.body.innerHTML = '<a href="#" id="deletelink"><span></span></a><div id="pastelink"></div>';
             PrivateBin.PasteStatus.init();
             const expected1 = 'https://example.com/long';
             const expected2 = 'https://example.com/short';
             PrivateBin.PasteStatus.createPasteNotification(expected1, expected2);
-            const result1 = $('#pasteurl')[0].href,
-                result2 = $('#deletelink')[0].href;
+            const result1 = document.getElementById('pasteurl').href,
+                result2 = document.getElementById('deletelink').href;
             assert.strictEqual(result1, expected1);
             assert.strictEqual(result2, expected2);
         });
@@ -47,11 +47,11 @@ describe('PasteStatus', function () {
                     const expected1 = common.urlToString(url1).replace(/&(gt|lt)$/, '&$1a'),
                         expected2 = common.urlToString(url2).replace(/&(gt|lt)$/, '&$1a');
                     cleanup();
-                    $('body').html('<a href="#" id="deletelink"><span></span></a><div id="pastelink"></div>');
+                    document.body.innerHTML = '<a href="#" id="deletelink"><span></span></a><div id="pastelink"></div>';
                     PrivateBin.PasteStatus.init();
                     PrivateBin.PasteStatus.createPasteNotification(expected1, expected2);
-                    const result1 = $('#pasteurl')[0].href,
-                        result2 = $('#deletelink')[0].href;
+                    const result1 = document.getElementById('pasteurl').href,
+                        result2 = document.getElementById('deletelink').href;
                     return result1 === expected1 && result2 === expected2;
 
             }
@@ -78,12 +78,12 @@ describe('PasteStatus', function () {
                     expected = urlString.substring((schema + '://' + domain).length),
                     clean = globalThis.cleanup();
 
-                $('body').html('<div><div id="pastelink"></div></div>');
+                document.body.innerHTML = '<div><div id="pastelink"></div></div>';
                 PrivateBin.PasteStatus.init();
                 PrivateBin.PasteStatus.createPasteNotification('', '');
                 PrivateBin.PasteStatus.extractUrl(urlString);
 
-                const result = $('#pasteurl')[0].href;
+                const result = document.getElementById('pasteurl').href;
                 clean();
 
                 return result.endsWith(expected) && (
@@ -117,12 +117,12 @@ describe('PasteStatus', function () {
                     },
                     clean = globalThis.cleanup();
 
-                $('body').html('<div><div id="pastelink"></div></div>');
+                document.body.innerHTML = '<div><div id="pastelink"></div></div>';
                 PrivateBin.PasteStatus.init();
                 PrivateBin.PasteStatus.createPasteNotification('', '');
                 PrivateBin.PasteStatus.extractUrl(JSON.stringify(yourlsResponse, undefined, 4));
 
-                const result = $('#pasteurl')[0].href;
+                const result = document.getElementById('pasteurl').href;
                 clean();
 
                 return result === shortUrlString;
@@ -144,12 +144,12 @@ describe('PasteStatus', function () {
                         '</result>',
                     clean = globalThis.cleanup();
 
-                $('body').html('<div><div id="pastelink"></div></div>');
+                document.body.innerHTML = '<div><div id="pastelink"></div></div>';
                 PrivateBin.PasteStatus.init();
                 PrivateBin.PasteStatus.createPasteNotification('', '');
                 PrivateBin.PasteStatus.extractUrl(yourlsResponse);
 
-                const result = $('#pasteurl')[0].href;
+                const result = document.getElementById('pasteurl').href;
                 clean();
 
                 return result === shortUrlString;
@@ -176,12 +176,12 @@ describe('PasteStatus', function () {
                         '</html>',
                     clean = globalThis.cleanup();
 
-                $('body').html('<div><div id="pastelink"></div></div>');
+                document.body.innerHTML = '<div><div id="pastelink"></div></div>';
                 PrivateBin.PasteStatus.init();
                 PrivateBin.PasteStatus.createPasteNotification('', '');
                 PrivateBin.PasteStatus.extractUrl(yourlsResponse);
 
-                const result = $('#pasteurl')[0].href;
+                const result = document.getElementById('pasteurl').href;
                 clean();
 
                 return result === shortUrlString;
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ describe('PasteStatus', function () {
             function (burnafterreading, remainingTime, url) {
                 let clean = globalThis.cleanup('', {url: common.urlToString(url)}),
                     result;
-                $('body').html('<div id="remainingtime" class="hidden"></div>');
+                document.body.innerHTML = '<div id="remainingtime" class="hidden"></div>';
                 PrivateBin.PasteStatus.init();
                 PrivateBin.PasteStatus.showRemainingTime(PrivateBin.Helper.PasteFactory({
                     'adata': [null, null, null, burnafterreading],
@@ -210,14 +210,14 @@ describe('PasteStatus', function () {
                     }
                 }));
                 if (burnafterreading) {
-                    result = $('#remainingtime').hasClass('foryoureyesonly') &&
-                            !$('#remainingtime').hasClass('hidden');
+                    result = document.getElementById('remainingtime').classList.contains('foryoureyesonly') &&
+                            !document.getElementById('remainingtime').classList.contains('hidden');
                 } else if (remainingTime) {
-                    result =!$('#remainingtime').hasClass('foryoureyesonly') &&
-                            !$('#remainingtime').hasClass('hidden');
+                    result =!document.getElementById('remainingtime').classList.contains('foryoureyesonly') &&
+                            !document.getElementById('remainingtime').classList.contains('hidden');
                 } else {
-                    result = $('#remainingtime').hasClass('hidden') &&
-                            !$('#remainingtime').hasClass('foryoureyesonly');
+                    result = document.getElementById('remainingtime').classList.contains('hidden') &&
+                            !document.getElementById('remainingtime').classList.contains('foryoureyesonly');
                 }
                 clean();
                 return result;
@@ -229,13 +229,13 @@ describe('PasteStatus', function () {
         it(
             'hides all messages',
             function() {
-                $('body').html(
+                document.body.innerHTML = (
                     '<div id="remainingtime"></div><div id="pastesuccess"></div>'
                 );
                 PrivateBin.PasteStatus.init();
                 PrivateBin.PasteStatus.hideMessages();
-                assert.ok($('#remainingtime').hasClass('hidden'));
-                assert.ok($('#pastesuccess').hasClass('hidden'));
+                assert.ok(document.getElementById('remainingtime').classList.contains('hidden'));
+                assert.ok(document.getElementById('pastesuccess').classList.contains('hidden'));
             }
         );
     });
diff --git a/js/test/PasteViewer.js b/js/test/PasteViewer.js
index 5712bfb9..55cde876 100644
--- a/js/test/PasteViewer.js
+++ b/js/test/PasteViewer.js
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ describe('PasteViewer', function () {
 
         it('basic plaintext display works', function () {
             cleanup();
-            $('body').html(
+            document.body.innerHTML = (
                 '<div id="placeholder" class="hidden">+++ no document text +++</div>' +
                 '<div id="prettymessage" class="hidden"><pre id="prettyprint" class="prettyprint linenums:1"></pre></div>' +
                 '<div id="plaintext" class="hidden"></div>'
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ describe('PasteViewer', function () {
             PrivateBin.PasteViewer.setText('hello');
             PrivateBin.PasteViewer.run();
             assert.strictEqual(PrivateBin.PasteViewer.getText(), 'hello');
-            assert.ok(!$('#plaintext').hasClass('hidden'));
+            assert.ok(!document.getElementById('plaintext').classList.contains('hidden'));
         });
 
         jsc.property(
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ describe('PasteViewer', function () {
             function (format, text) {
                     cleanup();
                     var results = [];
-                $('body').html(
+                document.body.innerHTML = (
                     '<div id="placeholder" class="hidden">+++ no document text ' +
                     '+++</div><div id="prettymessage" class="hidden"><pre ' +
                     'id="prettyprint" class="prettyprint linenums:1"></pre>' +
@@ -37,40 +37,40 @@ describe('PasteViewer', function () {
                 PrivateBin.PasteViewer.setFormat(format);
                 PrivateBin.PasteViewer.setText('');
                 results.push(
-                    $('#placeholder').hasClass('hidden') &&
-                    $('#prettymessage').hasClass('hidden') &&
-                    $('#plaintext').hasClass('hidden') &&
+                    document.getElementById('placeholder').classList.contains('hidden') &&
+                    document.getElementById('prettymessage').classList.contains('hidden') &&
+                    document.getElementById('plaintext').classList.contains('hidden') &&
                     PrivateBin.PasteViewer.getFormat() === format &&
                     PrivateBin.PasteViewer.getText() === ''
                 );
                 PrivateBin.PasteViewer.run();
                 results.push(
-                    !$('#placeholder').hasClass('hidden') &&
-                    $('#prettymessage').hasClass('hidden') &&
-                    $('#plaintext').hasClass('hidden')
+                    !document.getElementById('placeholder').classList.contains('hidden') &&
+                    document.getElementById('prettymessage').classList.contains('hidden') &&
+                    document.getElementById('plaintext').classList.contains('hidden')
                 );
                 PrivateBin.PasteViewer.hide();
                 results.push(
-                    $('#placeholder').hasClass('hidden') &&
-                    $('#prettymessage').hasClass('hidden') &&
-                    $('#plaintext').hasClass('hidden')
+                    document.getElementById('placeholder').classList.contains('hidden') &&
+                    document.getElementById('prettymessage').classList.contains('hidden') &&
+                    document.getElementById('plaintext').classList.contains('hidden')
                 );
                 PrivateBin.PasteViewer.setText(text);
                 PrivateBin.PasteViewer.run();
                 results.push(
-                    $('#placeholder').hasClass('hidden') &&
+                    document.getElementById('placeholder').classList.contains('hidden') &&
                     !PrivateBin.PasteViewer.isPrettyPrinted() &&
                     PrivateBin.PasteViewer.getText() === text
                 );
                 if (format === 'markdown') {
                     results.push(
-                        $('#prettymessage').hasClass('hidden') &&
-                        !$('#plaintext').hasClass('hidden')
+                        document.getElementById('prettymessage').classList.contains('hidden') &&
+                        !document.getElementById('plaintext').classList.contains('hidden')
                     );
                 } else {
                     results.push(
-                        !$('#prettymessage').hasClass('hidden') &&
-                        $('#plaintext').hasClass('hidden')
+                        !document.getElementById('prettymessage').classList.contains('hidden') &&
+                        document.getElementById('plaintext').classList.contains('hidden')
                     );
                 }
                 clean();
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ describe('PasteViewer', function () {
             function (format, prefix, xss, suffix) {
                 var clean = globalThis.cleanup(),
                     text = prefix + xss + suffix;
-                $('body').html(
+                document.body.innerHTML = (
                     '<div id="placeholder" class="hidden">+++ no document text ' +
                     '+++</div><div id="prettymessage" class="hidden"><pre ' +
                     'id="prettyprint" class="prettyprint linenums:1"></pre>' +
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ describe('PasteViewer', function () {
                 PrivateBin.PasteViewer.setFormat(format);
                 PrivateBin.PasteViewer.setText(text);
                 PrivateBin.PasteViewer.run();
-                var result = $('body').html().indexOf(xss) === -1;
+                var result = document.body.innerHTML.indexOf(xss) === -1;
                 clean();
                 return result;
             }
diff --git a/js/test/Prompt.js b/js/test/Prompt.js
index 90a9047d..a5db3fb2 100644
--- a/js/test/Prompt.js
+++ b/js/test/Prompt.js
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ describe('Prompt', function () {
             function (password) {
                 password = password.replace(/\r+|\n+/g, '');
                 const clean = globalThis.cleanup('', {url: 'ftp://example.com/?0000000000000000'});
-                $('body').html(
+                document.body.innerHTML = (
                     '<div id="passwordmodal" class="modal fade" role="dialog">' +
                     '<div class="modal-dialog"><div class="modal-content">' +
                     '<div class="modal-body"><form id="passwordform" role="form">' +
@@ -20,8 +20,9 @@ describe('Prompt', function () {
                     'password"></div><button type="submit">Decrypt</button>' +
                     '</form></div></div></div></div>'
                 );
-                $('#passworddecrypt').val(password);
-                const result = $('#passworddecrypt').val();
+                const passwordInput = document.getElementById('passworddecrypt');
+                passwordInput.value = password;
+                const result = passwordInput.value;
                 clean();
                 return result === password;
             }
diff --git a/js/test/TopNav.js b/js/test/TopNav.js
index 33b8b4f8..685fd4a5 100644
--- a/js/test/TopNav.js
+++ b/js/test/TopNav.js
@@ -334,15 +334,16 @@ describe('TopNav', function () {
                 with the upgrade for bootstrap-3.3.7.js to bootstrap-3.4.1.js
                 the mobile interface detection changed to check if the
                 ontouchstart event exists, which broke this section of the test
-                $('.navbar-toggle').trigger('click');
+                const toggleBtn = document.querySelector('.navbar-toggle');
+                toggleBtn.dispatchEvent(new MouseEvent('click'));
                 results.push(
-                    !$('.navbar-toggle').hasClass('collapsed') &&
-                    $('#navbar').attr('aria-expanded') == 'true'
+                    !toggleBtn.classList.contains('collapsed') &&
+                    document.getElementById('navbar').getAttribute('aria-expanded') == 'true'
                 );
                 PrivateBin.TopNav.collapseBar();
                 results.push(
-                    $('.navbar-toggle').hasClass('collapsed') &&
-                    $('#navbar').attr('aria-expanded') == 'false'
+                    document.querySelector('.navbar-toggle').classList.contains('collapsed') &&
+                    document.getElementById('navbar').getAttribute('aria-expanded') == 'false'
                 );
                 */
                 const result = results.every(element => element);
diff --git a/js/test/UiHelper.js b/js/test/UiHelper.js
index a387c8ad..ffdb669a 100644
--- a/js/test/UiHelper.js
+++ b/js/test/UiHelper.js
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ describe('UiHelper', function () {
                 var clean = globalThis.cleanup(
                     '<' + element + ' id="' + id + '"></' + element + '>'
                 );
-                var result = PrivateBin.UiHelper.isVisible($('#' + id));
+                var result = PrivateBin.UiHelper.isVisible(document.getElementById(id));
                 clean();
                 return result;
             }